• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

이전 연구에서 저자들은 나문재 추출물의 항산화 작용과 추출물 함유 크림의 유화 안정성에 대한 결과를 보고한 바 있다[1,2]. 본 연구에서는 thin layer chromatography(TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)와 liquid chromatography/Electrospray Tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS), $^1H$-NMR을 이용하여 나문재 추출물에 대한 성분 분석을 수행하였다. 나문재 추출물 중 ethyl acetate분획의 TLC는 5개의 띠($SA1{\sim}SA5$)로 분리되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획의 당 제거반응 후 얻어진 aglycone 분획에 대한 HPLC 크로마토그램은 2개의 피이크(SAA 2 및 SAA 1)를 나타냈고, 각각 그 용리 순서는 quercetin, kaempferol이었으며 조성비는 quercetin 16.88%, kaempferol 83.12%로 kaempferol의 함량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 LC/ESI-MS/MS를 통해서 SA 2는 kaempferol-3-O-gluco-side로 SA 3는 quercetin-e-O-glucoside, SA 4는 kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, SA 5는 quercetin-3-O-rutinoside로 확인되었다. LC/ESI-MS/MS의 스펙트럼에서 SAA 1은 탈양성자화된 aglycone 분획에 상용하는 분자이온 $[M-H]^$-(m/z285) 피이크를 나타냈으며, $^1$v 분석을 실시한 결과 [${\delta}$ 6.19 (1H, d, J=1.8Hz, H-6), ${\delta}$ 6.44 (1H, d, J=1.8Hz, H-8), ${\delta}$ 6.92 (2H, d, J=9.0Hz, H-3',5'), ${\delta}$ 8.04 (2H, d, J=9.0Hz, H-2',6')]에서 피이크들이 나타났다. 따라서 SAA 1은 kaempferol임이 확인되었다. SAA 2는 aglycone 분획에 상응하는 분자이온 $[M-H]^-$ (m/z 301)을 생성하였고, $^1H$-NMR 스펙트럼은 [${\delta}$ 6.20 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H-6), ${\delta}$ 6.42 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H-8), ${\delta}$ 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.6Hz, H-5'), ${\delta}$ 7.55 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 2.2Hz, H-6'), ${\delta}$ 7.69 (1H, d, J=2.2Hz, H-2')]에서 피이크들을 나타냈고, 따라서 SAA 2는 quercetin으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로, 이미 보고된 나문재 추출물의 항산화 작용 그리고 안정성 실험과 더불어 나문재 추출물의 성분분석은 새로운 기능성 화장품원료로서 응용이 가능함을 시사한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2006

Endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and its predominant conjugates, SA 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (SAG) and the glucose ester of SA (SGE), increase dramatically during plant defense responses. Here I report the isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana UDP-glucose:SA glucosyltransferase1 (AtSGT1) gene using a tobacco SGT gene previously reported, whose product catalyzes the formation of both SAG and SGE. The recombinant AtSGT1 protein had significant activities with SA and benzoic acid, and synthesized SAG and SGE. Northern blot analysis showed that AtSGT1 was rapidly induced both by exogenous SA and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, indicating that pathogen-inducible AtSGT1 expression is an early disease response and may be involved in the accumulation of glucosyl SA during pathogenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

연구배경: 수면 중 산소포화도의 감소는 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환에 흔히 동반되며, 이러한 현상은 이차적으로 폐동맥압 상승, 폐성심 등의 혈역학적 변화와 심부정맥 등을 일으켜 환자가 사망할 수도 있다. 수면 중 동맥혈 산소포화도 감소와 안정시 동맥혈 산소분압과의 관계는 어느 정도 알려져 있으나, 낮 동안 저산소혈증 없이 발생하기도 한다. 저자들은 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 수면시 및 안정시의 동맥혈 산소포화도와 운동부하 심폐기능을 측정하여, 수면 중 산소포화도 감소와 관련 있는 인자 및 수면 중 산소포화도 감소를 예측하는 데 있어 운동부하심폐기능 검사법의 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환으로 진단된 환자 중 안정상태로 회복된 환자 12명을 대상으로 하였으며, 수면 무호흡증 환자, 심질환자, 심한 빈혈이 있는 환자는 대상에서 제외하였다. 대상 환자 모두에서 일반 폐기능검사, 운동부하심폐기능검사, 수면다원검사를 시행하였고, 안정시, 운동시 그리고 수면시 산소포화도를 측정하였다. 결과: 대상 환자는 모두 남자였으며, 모두 흡연력이 있었다. 산소포화도는 최대 운동시에 비해 수면 중에 뚜렷이 감소하였으며($13.1{\pm}9.3%$ 대 $6.4{\pm}3.3%$), 수면 중 산소포화도 감소는 운동시 최저 산소포화도 (r=-0.90, p<0.01), 운동시 평균 산소포화도 (r=-0.78, p<0.05), 그리고 안정시 산소포화도 (r=-0.82, p<0.05))와 상관관계가 있었다. 수면 중 최저 산소포화도 는 운동시 최저 산소포화도 (r=0.90, p<0.01), 운동시 평균 산소포화도 (r=0.80, p<0.05), 그리고 안정시 산소포화도 (r=0.84, p<0.05)와 상관관계가 있었다. 결론: 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 동맥혈 산소포화도의 감소는 운동시보다 수면 중에 더욱 뚜렷하였고, 수면 중 산소포화도의 감소 정도는 안정시 산소포화도, 운동시 산소포화도와 상관관계가 있었으나, 운동부하심폐기능 검사가 수면 중 산소포화도의 감소 정도를 예측하는데 안정시 산소포화도 보다 유용하지는 않았다.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of vocal training on internal respiration in order to develop an efficient method of singing phonation. Five males trained singers (age:$25.0{\pm}1.4years$, career:$6.8{\pm}1.1\;years$) and five female trained singers (age:$22.0{\pm}1.0years$, career:$5.8{\pm}1.2\;years$) participated in this study. $SaO_2$(Oxi Hemoglobin saturation) was measured by Oxy-Pulse meter while $P_ACO_2$ (Pressure Alveolar $CO_2$) was measured by Quick et $CO_2$ before and after 2-minute, 4-minute and 6-minute vocal training. Result showed that $SaO_2$ was within a normal range after vocal training but $P_ACO_2$ came out lower than the normal range (36-40mmHg) after vocal training which led to Hypocapnia. This caused the singers to experience some headache and dizziness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-51
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• 1999

Reactions of 2,6-Lutidine with active methyl group anilines in the presence of sulfur gave the desired thioamides 1. Reactions of synthesized thioamides 1 with sulfur and SiO2 or SeO2 gave the corresponding amide 2. We now report conversion of thioamide to amide by using oxidzing inorganic reagant

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.574-582
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• 1998

연구배경: 기관지 내시경은 기도를 통하여 내시경을 삽입한 후 약 10-30분 가량의 시술을 포함하기 때문에 호흡기계에 병태 생리학적 변화를 동반할 가능성이 있다. 이에 저자들은 기관지내시경 검사에 따른 경피적 산소 포화도의 변화와 검사 전후 동맥혈 가스 및 폐기능의 변화를 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 144명의 환자를 대상으로 기관지 내시경을 입으로 삽입하여 실시하였으며 내시경 전과정을 통하여 pulse oximetry를 사용하여 왼쪽 검지 손가락 끝에서 l 분 간격으로 산소 포화도를 측정하였다. 16명의 환자를 대상으로 내시경 시행전과 직후에 폐기능과 동맥혈 가스검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 기관지내시경의 평균 시술시간은 14.5분이었고, $SaO_2$는 평균 8.4분후에 최저로 떨어져 $89.0{\pm}5.54%$로 기저치보다 8% 저하되었으나 종결시 회복되었다. 산소 공급군과 비공급군에서 시술시간은 산소공급군에서 유의하게 길었으나, $SaO_2$의 감소는 산소비공급군에서 8.4%로, 산소 공급군의 6.4%보다 컸으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 산소 비공급군에서 Biopsy군와 BAL군이 Washing군에 비하여 $SaO_2$ 저하가 더 큰 경향을 보였으나 종결시에는 유사하게 회복되었다. 기관지내시경 시행전 $PaO_2$ 및 $FEV_1$의 정도는 기관지내시경중의 $SaO_2$ 감소정도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 기관지내시경을 전후하여 시행한 ABG상 경미한 $PaO_2$의 감소와 $PaCO_2$의 증가를 보였으며, vP기능 검사상 $FEV_1$의 감소(P<0.05)와 RV의 증가를 보였으나 기도 저항과 폐확산능의 변화는 없었다. 기관지내시경을 전후하여 비교하였을 때 Washing군은 폐기능의 큰 변화가 없었으나, Biopsy군과 BAL군은 기관지내시경후 $FEV_1$이 감소하고 RV가 증가하였으며, 통계적으로 유의하진 않았으나 BAL군에서 더욱 두드러졌다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to compare peripheral pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) values, measured at different monitoring sites, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) of neurocritical patients. Methods : The study included 110 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. The patients' SpO₂ values were measured in their index fingers, both second toes, both earlobes, and foreheads, using the patient monitoring system. These values were compared with the standard value of SaO₂ measured using a blood gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive values, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and Bland-Altman plots. Result : Regardless of the measuring site, SpO₂ was correlated with the paired measurements of SaO₂ (r=.40~.60, p<.001, CCC range=.40~.58). No significant bias in paired measurements of SpO₂ and SaO₂ was observed at all sites (-0.06~0.19%, p>.05). SpO₂ values at the left finger and right earlobe had the narrowest range, with a 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (left finger -3.04~2.93% and right earlobe -3.18~2.79%). SpO₂ at the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, had a narrower range of 95% LOA than that of the opposing finger (-3.00~2.97% vs. -3.73~3.26%). Conclusion : SpO₂ at the finger without an arterial catheter had the highest level of precision. This study suggests using the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, for pulse oximetry in neurocritical patients.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1222-1230
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• 2020

The corrosion rates of the reactor pressure vessel materials of SA508 Grade 3 were measured using a weight loss method in aerated boric acid solutions to simulate the evaporation of leaked PWR primary water in an ambient environment. The corrosion behavior and products were examined using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. SA508 showed typical general corrosion characteristics. The corrosion rate increased steadily as the boron concentration was increased. As the immersion time elapsed, the corrosion rate slowly or rapidly decreased according to the oxidation reaction of iron. The corrosion rate showed a complicated pattern depending on the temperature; it increased gradually and then rapidly decreased again when reaching a certain transition temperature. The corrosion products of SA508 were found to be FeO(OH), Fe₂O₃, and Fe₃O₄. As the boron concentration decreased and the temperature was increased, the formation of Fe₃O₄ was more favorable as compared to the formation of FeO(OH) and Fe₂O₃. Consequently, the changes of the corrosion rate and behavior were closely related to the oxidation reaction of iron on the surface. The corrosive damage to SA508 appears to be most severe when the oxidation reaction is such that Fe₂O₃ forms as a corrosion product.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2010

A search of the Streptomyces avermitilis genome reveals that its closest homologs are several O-methyltransferases. Among them, one gene (viz., saomt5) was cloned into the pET-15b expression vector by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers. Biochemical characterization with the recombinant protein showed that SaOMT5 was S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent Omethyltransferase. Several compounds were tested as substrates of SaOMT5. As a result, SaOMT5 catalyzed O-methylation of flavonoids such as 6,7-dihydroxyflavone, 2',3'-dihydroxyflavone, 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone, quercetin, and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, and phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid and caffeoyl Co-A. These reaction products were analyzed by TLC, HPLC, LC/MS, and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, SaOMT5 could convert phenolic compounds containing ortho-dihydroxy groups into O-methylated compounds, and 6,7-dihydroxyflavone was known to be the best substrate. SaOMT5 converted 6,7-dihydroxyflavone into 6-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, and caffeic acid into ferulic acid and isoferulic acid, respectively. Moreover, SaOMT5 turned out to be a $Mg^{2+}$-dependent OMT, and the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ ion on its activity was five times greater than those of $Ca^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+}$ ions, EDTA, and metal-free medium.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

Purpose: This research was conducted to evaluate, analyze, and determine the limitation of the anesthesia that is used in there covery room in order to provide the foundation for developing the effectiveness of it. Method: There covery records of this study were collected from 41 hospitals in Seoul, Kyung Kii-Do, and Inchon province. The post anesthetic recovery records consisted of the evaluation of type, evaluative items, frequency, time, score and $SaO_2$. These records were collected from September to December of 2005. Results: The most commonly used post anesthetic evaluation tool was Alderete Score, which was used in 73% of hospitals. The second was Aldrete Score with $SaO_2$(17%). Also, 5% of the hospitals used the modified AS form. There were 2.5% of the hospitals applying the adult and child in the evaluation separately. Also, the last 2.5% of the hospitals did not use AS but measured BP, pulse, respiration, temperature, and $SaO_2$ with observing nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, backache, laryngitis, shock, and neurologic assessment. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a post-anesthetic recovery evaluation tool including the application of $SaO_2$, so that the early-diagnosis of hypoxia can be possible. In addition, it is necessary to develop a post- anesthetic recovery evaluating method that can distinguish a difference between adults and children.