• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

The Swedish double mutation (KM670/671NL) of amyloid precursor protein (Swe-APP) is associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and increases amyloid beta peptide production. Although APP/A/3 mediated neurotoxicity is observed both in vitro and in vivo, the relationship between mutant APP expression, A/3 production, and neuronal death observed in the brains of FAD patients remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Swe-APP-induced cell death in HEK293 and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells. We found that the expression of Swe-APP induced cytochrome C relase, activation of caspase 3 in HEK 293 and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells. We also show that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in Swe-APP expressing HEK 293 cells and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells and that pretreatment with vitamine E attenuated the cellular death, cytochrome C release induced by Swe-APP expression, indicating the involvement of free radical in these processes. These results suggest one of possible apoptotic mechanisms of Swe-APP which could occur through cytochrome C release from mitochondria and this apoptosis inducing effects could be at least in part, due to ROS generation by Swe-APP expression.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2019

While it is important to obtain the accurate information on snowfall data due to the increase in damage caused by the heavy snowfall in the winter season, it is not easy to observe the snowfall quantitatively. Recently, snow measurements using a weighing precipitation gauge have been carried out, but there is a problem that high snowfall intensity results in low accuracy. Also, the observed snowfall data are sensitive depending on wind speed, temperature, and humidity. In this study, a new process of quality control for snow water equivalent (SWE) data of the weighing precipitation gauge were proposed to cover the low accuracy of snow data and maximize the data utilization. Snowfall data (SWE) observed by Pluvio, Parsivel, snow-depth meter using laser or ultrasonic, and rainfall gauge in Cloud Physics Observation Site (CPOS) were compared and analyzed. Applying the QC algorithm including the use of number of hydrometeor particles as reference, the increased SWE per the unit time was determined and the data noise was removed and marked by flag. The SWE data converted by the number concentration of hydrometeor particles are tested as a method to restore the QC-removed data, and show good agreement with those of the weighing precipitation gauge, though requiring more case studies. The three events data for heavy snowfall disaster in Pyeongchang area was analyzed. The SWE data with improved quality was showed a good correlation with the eye-measured data ($R^2$ > 0.73).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.458-463
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• 2011

The effect of subcritical water for the extraction of total polyphenols and flavonoids from apple peel was investigated, and then the antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated. Maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds($36.4{\pm}1.9mg$ quercetin equivalent(QE)/g dried material) and flavonoids($9.9{\pm}0.8mg$ QE/g dried material) were obtained by subcritical water extraction(SWE) with operating conditions of $190^{\circ}C$, 1,300 psi, and 20 min. Furthermore, the highest antioxidant activity($76.1{\pm}1.1%$) was observed in the extract obtained from SWE using the same conditions. The flavonoids from the SWE of apple peel were compared to three conventional extraction methods in terms of their extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity. The SWE was significantly more effective than hot water ($90^{\circ}C$), methanol, and ethanol extraction for flavonoid yield by 4.7-, 2.2-, and 1.3-fold, respectively, and for antioxidant activity by 11.0-, 4.9, and 2.8-fold, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2009

SWE(Sensor Web Enablement) is the standard platform of OGC for the sensor data service. SWE is only focusing in the data transmission protocols, but supporting the semantic decision. Sensor data service is the decision service of the status whether is on normal or not. In this study, we study the semantic decision model of the sensor data. It can support the context-aware service based on the decision information.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of two types of stretching extensor carpi radialis on the visual analog scale (VAS), pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs), grip strength (GS), and strength of wrist extensor (SWE) in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. Sixteen patients with lateral epicondylalgia were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to two groups; the conventional stretching group (CS) and the stretching of proximal functional massage group (PFM); the VAS, PPTs, GS, and SWE were measured before and after the intervention. Over a period of stretching exercises were performed for five minutes per day, five days per week. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the statistical differences in the VAS, PPTs, GS, and SWE (pre- and post-test). The Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the effects of stretching exercises between the CS and PFM groups. The results of this study demonstrated that in the PFM group, the PPTs, GS, and SWE significantly increased, and the VAS decreased (p<.05). In the CS group, the VAS and GS increased significantly after the three-week intervention (p<.05). Pain was decreased and strength (GS and SWE) was increased in the PFM group, compared to the CS group (p<.05). The findings of this study indicate that PFM technique can be applied for decreasing pain and increasing the GS and SWE in patients with lateral epicondylalgia.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.79.1-79.11
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• 2022

Background: Pancreatitis is a common disease in which 37% of dogs had evidence of acute or chronic pancreatitis at necropsy. Although biopsy is still the gold standard to diagnose acute pancreatitis, clinical data including ultrasonographic findings and measurement of canine serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) are used in routine. However, it may be insufficient in the diagnostic approach to acute pancreatitis. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical diagnostic feasibility of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D SWE) on canine acute pancreatitis for enhanced diagnostic confidence. Methods: 2D SWE was used to assess pancreatic stiffness and determine the correlation between pancreatic shear wave velocity (SWV) and Spec cPL concentration in 31 dogs with healthy pancreas and 10 dogs with acute pancreatitis. Results: The pancreatic SWV was significantly higher in the acute pancreatitis group (2.67 ± 0.20 m/s) than in the healthy pancreas group (2.30 ± 0.26 m/s; p < 0.05). The moderate positive correlation was found between the pancreatic SWV and Spec cPL concentration (95% confidence interval, 0.214-0.693; r = 0.489; p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicated that 2D SWE was feasible for assessing pancreatic stiffness in acute pancreatitis, and that pancreatic SWV using 2D SWE correlated with Spec cPL concentration. SWE could provide a quantitative measure of pancreatic stiffness, which can increase the accuracy of diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs. The 2D SWE can be used as a complementary imaging modality for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

This study was designed to develope the functional anti-diabetes drink, Dia-D using silkworm (Bombyx mori L) extract Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160${\pm}$10g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SWE-l0, 30, 60 groups and Daonil-40, 80 groups) added silkworm extract 10, 30 and 60mg/day or diabetes drug prepared and marketed by Handok Pham. Co., Daonil 40 and 80 mg/day for 12 days. Blood glucose contents were significantly decreased 25-30％ in SWE-30 and SWE-60 groups, and about 35％ in Daonil 40 and Daonil 80 groups compared with control group. Triglyceride (TG) and lipid peroxide (LPO) contents were significantly inhibited 10-16％ and 8-13％, respectively, in SWE-30 and 60 groups, whereas these contents were 13-30％ and 15％, respectively, in Daonil-40 and 80 groups compared with control group. Hydroxyl radical (OH) contents were significantly inhibited 19-20％ in SWE-30 and 60 groups, and 7-12％ in Daonil-40 and 80 groups compared with control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly increased 11-14％ in SWE-30 and 60 groups, and 12-29％ in Daonil-40 and 80 groups compared with control group. In results of clinical test using normal subjects, blood glucose content tested in NIAST subjects as anti-diabetes drink, Dia-D willi 100mg/vial was significantly decreased 17.5％, and these content tested in PKNU subjects as anti-diabetes drink, Dia-D with 150mg/vial was significantly decreased 20.5％ compared with control group. These results suggest that administration of Dia-D as an anti-diabetes drink prepared with silkworm extract may playa very effective role in a decreasing of blood glucose in hyperglycemia patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.1110-1122
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• 2023

Purpose This study aimed to assess the variability of transrectal shear wave elastography (SWE) using a designed phantom. Materials and Methods In a phantom, the SWE values were examined by two radiologists using agarose and emulsion silicone of different sizes (1, 2, and 3 cm) and shapes (round, cubic) at three depths (1, 2, and 3 cm), two region of interest (ROI) and locations (central, peripheral) using two ultrasound machines (A, B from different vendors). Variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV). Results The CVs decreased with increasing phantom size. Significant changes in SWE values included; agarose phantom at 3 cm depth (p < 0.001; machine A), 1 cm depth (p = 0.01; machine B), emulsion silicone at 2 cm depth (p = 0.047, p = 0.020; both machines). The CVs increased with increasing depth. Significant changes in SWE values included; 1 cm agarose (p = 0.037, p = 0.021; both machines) and 2 cm agarose phantom (p = 0.047; machine A). Significant differences in SWE values were observed between the shapes for emulsion silicone phantom (p = 0.032; machines A) and between ROI locations on machine B (p ≤ 0.001). The SWE values differed significantly between the two machines (p < 0.05). The intra-/inter-operator agreements were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9). Conclusion The phantom size, depth, and different machines affected the variability of transrectal SWE.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the progressive decline of memory, cognitive functions, and changes in personality. The major pathological features in postmortem brains are neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) deposits. The majority of AD cases are sporadic and age-related. Although AD pathogenesis has not been established, aging and declining mitochondrial function has been associated. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in AD patients' brains and AD mice models, and the mice with a genetic defect in mitochondrial complex I showed enhanced $A{\beta}$ level in vivo. To elucidate the role of mitochondrial complex I in AD, we used SH-SY5Y cells transfected with DNA constructs expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) or human Swedish APP mutant (APP-swe). The expression of APP-swe increased the level of $A{\beta}$ protein in comparison with control. When complex I was inhibited by rotenone, the increase of ROS level was remarkably higher in the cells overexpressing APP-swe compared to control. The number of dead cell was significantly increased in APP-swe-expressing cells by complex I inhibition. We suggest that complex I dysfunction accelerate amyloid toxicity and mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in aging may contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.511-519
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• 2000

Water in the supercritical state ($T{\geq}374^{\circ}C$, $p{\geq}221$ atm) is a good solvent for nonorganic pollutants, but it is extremely corrosive. Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) is a very fast and an efficient method to extract nonpolar environmental pollutants adsorbed on the sediments and soils. Many nonpolar organic compounds are sufficiently soluble to be extracted to the water under subcritical conditions. Complete extraction of PCBs from the sediments and soils takes only a few minutes by applying SWE with the subcritical water at 50 atm and at $260^{\circ}C$.