• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.402-410
• /
• 2008

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were currently produced together with some contaminants such as a metallic catalyst, amorphous carbon, and graphitic nanoparticles, which should be sometimes purified for their applications. This study aimed to develop efficient, scalable purification processes but less harmful to SWCNTs. We designed three-step purification processes: acidic treatment, surface functionalization and soxhlet extraction, and heat treatment. During the soxhlet extraction using tetrahydrofuran, specifically, carbon impurities could be easily expelled through a glass thimble filter without any significant loss of CNTs. Finally, SWCNTs were left as a bulky paper on the filter through membrane filtration. Vertically aligned SWCNTs on one side of bulky paper were well developed in a speparation from the filter paper, which were formed by being sucked through the filter pores during the pressurized filtration. The bucky paper showed a very high peak current density of field emission up to $200\;mA/cm^2$ and uniform field emission images on phosphor, which seems very promising to be applied to vacuum microelectronics such as microwave power amplifiers and x-ray sources.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.431-442
• /
• 2019

Vibration analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is very essential field owing to their many promising applications in tiny instruments. In current study, the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory with clamped-clamped and clamped-free end conditions is utilized for the vibration analysis of armchair and zigzag SWCNTs. The Fourier method is utilized to solve the ordinary differential equation. The motion equation for this system is developed using a novel wave propagation method. Complex exponential functions have been used and the axial model depends on BCs that has been described at the edges of CNTs. The behavior of different nonlocal parameters is considered to find the vibrational frequency of SWCNTs. It is exhibited that the effect of frequencies against aspect ratio by varying the bending rigidity. It has been investigated that by increasing the nonlocal parameter decreases the frequencies and on increasing the aspect ratio increases the frequencies for both the tubes. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies of SWCNTs, computer software MATLAB engaged. The numerical results are validated with existing open text. Since the percentage of error is negligible, the model has been concluded as valid.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2023

On the basis of Flügge shell theory, the vibrations of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are investigated. The structure of armchair single walled carbon nanotubes are used here. Influences of length-to-diameter ratios and the two boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of armchair SWCNTs are examined. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is employed to determine eigen frequencies for single walled carbon nanotubes. The solution is obtained using the geometric characteristics and boundary conditions for natural frequencies of SWCNTs. The natural frequencies decrease as ratio of length to diameter increase and the effect of frequencies is less significant and more prominent for long tube. To assess the frequency confirmation carried out in this paper are compared with the earlier computations.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2019

This paper focuses on two main objectives. The first one is to exploit an energy equivalent model and finite element method to evaluate the equivalent Young's modulus of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at any orientation angle by using tensile test. The calculated Young's modulus is validated with published experimental results. The second target is to exploit the finite element simulation to investigate mechanical buckling and natural frequencies of SWCNTs. Energy equivalent model is presented to describe the atomic bonding interactions and their chemical energy with mechanical structural energies. A Program of Nanotube modeler is used to generate a geometry of SWCNTs structure by defining its chirality angle, overall length of nanotube and bond length between two adjacent nodes. SWCNTs are simulated as a frame like structure; the bonds between each two neighboring atoms are treated as isotropic beam members with a uniform circular cross section. Carbon bonds is simulated as a beam and the atoms as nodes. A finite element model using 3D beam elements is built under the environment of ANSYS MAPDL environment to simulate a tensile test and characterize equivalent Young's modulus of whole CNT structure. Numerical results are presented to show critical buckling loads, axial and transverse natural frequencies of SWCNTs with different orientation angles and lengths. The understanding of mechanical behaviors of CNTs are essential in developing such structures due to their great potential in wide range of engineering applications.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.773-777
• /
• 2009

In this study, the strain sensing characteristics of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) networks were investigated to develop a film sensor for strain sensing. The SWCNTs film are formed on flexible substrates of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using spray process. In this manner we could control the transparency and obtain excellent uniformity of the networked SWCNT film. The carbon nanotube film is isotropic due to randomly oriented bundles of SWCNTs. Using experimental results it is shown that there is a nearly linear change in resistance across the film when it is subjected to tensile stress. The results presented in this study indicate the potential of such films for high sensitive transparent strain sensors on macro scale.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.569-582
• /
• 2018

In this study, nonlinear vibration and stability of a polymeric pipe reinforced by single-walled carbon naotubes (SWCNTs) conveying fluid-nanoparticles mixture flow is investigated. The Characteristics of the equivalent composite are determined using Mori-Tanaka model considering agglomeration effects. The surrounding elastic medium is simulated by orthotropic visco-Pasternak medium. Employing nonlinear strains-displacements, stress-strain energy method the governing equations were derived using Hamilton's principal. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used for obtaining the frequency and critical fluid velocity. The influence of volume percent of SWCNTs, agglomeration, geometrical parameters of pipe, viscoelastic foundation and fluid velocity are shown on the frequency and critical fluid velocity of pipe. Results showed the increasing volume percent of SWCNTs leads to higher frequency and critical fluid velocity.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2023

An analysis of the Poisson's ratios influence of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based on Sander's shell theory is carried out. The effect of Poisson's ratio, boundary conditions and different armchairs SWCNTs is discussed and studied. The Galerkin's method is applied to get the eigen values in matrix form. The obtained results shows that, the decrease in ratios of Poisson, the frequency increases. Poisson's ratio directly measures the deformation in the material. A high Poisson's ratio denotes that the material exhibits large elastic deformation. Due to these deformation frequencies of carbon nanotubes increases. The frequency value increases with the increase of indices of single walled carbon nanotubes. The prescribe boundary conditions used are simply supported and clamped simply supported. The Timoshenko beam model is used to compare the results. The present method should serve as bench mark results for agreeing the results of other models, with slightly different value of the natural frequencies.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.377-382
• /
• 2007

적층구조 촉매층(Al/Fe/Al)을 이용하여 열 화학기상증착(thermal chemical vapor deposition ; TCVD)법을 통해 탄소 나노튜브를(carbon nanotubes ; CNTs)를 합성하였다. Raman spectroscopy, SEM 및 HR-TEM 분석결과, G/D는 22.7이며, 직경이 $1.14\;{\sim}\;1.32\;nm$인 금속성의 단일벽 탄소 나노튜브(single-walled CNTs ; SWCNTs)의 다발(bundle)들이 기판 전체에 network 구조로 형성되어 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 최상층의 Al이 촉매인 Fe의 응집현상(agglomeration)을 막아주는 역할을 하여 작고 균일한 핵 생성 사이트(nucleation site)를 통해 좁은 직경분포를 가진 단일벽 탄소 나노튜브가 합성되었음을 알 수 있다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제60권4호
• /
• pp.550-556
• /
• 2022

당, 알코올, 유기산 및 아미노산 등과 같은 다양한 유기물에 포함된 화학에너지를 전기에너지로 전환시키는 효소 연료전지의 성능은 anode 뿐만 아니라 cathode에도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구의 목적은 laccase 기반의 고성능 cathode 전극을 개발하는데 있다. 효소, 전자전달체 및 탄소나노튜브로 구성된 효소 복합체를 제조하고 이를 전극 표면에 다층으로 부착하며 층수 및 탄소나노튜브의 첨가 유무가 전극 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전극 표면에 효소-전자전달체(Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl))의 층수가 증가할수록 전극에서 발생되는 환원 전류량이 증가하였다. 탄소나노튜브가 첨가된 효소-전자전달체 복합체 전극(Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl))이 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl) 전극에 비하여 1.7배 많은 환원 전류를 생성하였다. Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl)과 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)의 비율을 변화시키며 적층한 전극들에서 2층의 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)과 2층의 Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl)으로 구성된 전극이 가장 많은 양의 환원 전류(10.1±0.1 µA)를 생성하였다. 단일 층의 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)로 구성된 cathode를 사용하는 셀과 최적화된 cathode를 사용하는 셀의 최대 생산 전력밀도는 각각 0.46±0.05와 1.23±0.04 µW/cm²였다. 본 연구 결과는 전극 표면에 laccase, 전자전달체 및 탄소나노튜브로 구성된 복합체의 적층 최적화를 통해 cathode 및 이를 이용하는 효소 연료전지의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.633-638
• /
• 2022

최근 인간의 뇌를 모방한 스파이킹 뉴럴 네트워크(SNNs)의 뉴로모픽(Neuromorphic) 시스템이 주목을 받고 있다. 뉴로모픽 기술은 인지 응용과 처리 과정에서 속도가 빠르고 전력 소모가 적다는 장점이 있다. SNNs 기반의 저항성 랜덤 엑세스 메모리(RRAM) 은 병렬 연산을 위한 가장 효율적인 구조이며 스파이크 타이밍 종속 가소성(STDP)의 점진적인 스위칭 동작을 수행한다. 시냅스 소자 동작으로서의 RRAM은 저 전력 프로세싱과 다양한 메모리 상태를 표현한다. 하지만, RRAM 소자의 통합은 높은 스위칭 전압 및 전류를 유발하여 높은 전력 소비를 초래한다. RRAM의 동작 전압을 낮추기 위해서는 스위칭 레이어와 금속 전극의 신소재를 개발하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 스위칭 전압을 낮추기 위해 전기적, 기계적 특성이 우수한 단일 벽 탄소나노튜브(SWCNTs)를 갖는 (Metal/Al₂O₃/HfO_x/SWCNTs/N+silicon, MOCS)라는 최적화된 새로운 구조를 제안하였다. 따라서 SWCNTs 기반 멤리스터의 점진적인 스위칭 동작 및 저 전력 I/V 곡선의 향상을 보여준다.