• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.635-643
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• 2014

Sustaiable development yield of groundwater in Korea has been determined according to 10 year drought frequency of groundwater recharge in the standard mid-sized watershed or relatively large area of district. Therefore, the evaluation of groundwater impact in a small watershed is hard to apply. Fot this purpose, a novel approach to estimate cell based sustainable development yield of groundwater (SDYG) is suggested and applied to Gyeongju region. Cell based groundwater recharge is computed using hydrological component analysis using the SWAT-MODFLOW which is an integrated surface water-groundwater model. To estimate the potential amount of groundwater development, the existing method which uses 10 year drought frequency rainfall multiplied by recharge coefficient is adopted. Cell based SDYGs are computed and summed for 143 sub-watersheds and administrative districts. When these SDYGs are combined with groundwater usage data, the groundwater usage rate (total usage / SDYG) shows wide local variations (7.1~108.8%) which are unseen when average rate (24%) is only evaluated. Also, it is expected that additional SDYGs in any small district could be estimated.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1259-1273
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• 2012

In this study, a watershed-based surface water and groundwater integrated model, SWAT-MODFLOW was used to quantify the stream flow depletion due to groundwater pumping for the Sinduncheon watershed. Complex water use conditions such as water taken from a stream, sewage disposal release, irrigation from agricultural reservoir, groundwater pumping were considered for simulations. In particular, the model was revised to reflect the effects of reservoir operation and return flow from the used groundwater on streamflow variation. The simulated results showed that the groundwater pumping at current status has induced the decrease of more than 10% in annual average streamflow and 40% in drought flow at the outlet of the Sinduncheon watershed, The simulated results also revealed that the vast water withdrawals at green house areas during winter season have dramatically changed streamflow from April to June. The streamflow depletion was mainly attributed to pumping wells located within the distance of 300 m from the stream for Sinduncheon watershed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.777-789
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in water quality and aquatic ecosystem health by additional dam release of stream maintenance flow from multipurpose dams in Han river basin ($34,148km^2$) using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The period of additional release was spring (April to June) and autumn (August to October) to evaluate the changes with the data of aquatic ecosystem health survey. The amount of additional release was set proportional to the present dam release, and the maximum release amount was controlled not to exceed the officially notified stream maintenance flow from dam. The 10 percent to 50 percent additional releases showed that the stream water quality (T-N, $NH_4$, T-P, and $PO_4-P$) concentrations except $NO_3-N$ decreased in spring while increased in autumn period. Using the stream water quality results and applying with Random Forest algorithm, the grade of aquatic ecosystem health index (FAI, TDI, and BMI) was improved for both periods especially in the downstream of basin. This study showed that the additional release of stream maintenance flow was more effective in spring than autumn period for the improvement of water quality and aquatic ecosystem.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.395-432
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• 2021

Groundwater recharge rates vary widely by location and with time. They are difficult to measure directly and are thus often estimated using simulations. This study employed frequency and regression analysis and a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm in a machine learning method to estimate groundwater recharge. CART algorithms are considered for the distribution of precipitation by subbasin (PCP), geomorphological data, indices of the relationship between vegetation and landuse, and soil type. The considered geomorphological data were digital elevaion model (DEM), surface slope (SLOP), surface aspect (ASPT), and indices were the perpendicular vegetation index (PVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference tillage index (NDTI), normalized difference residue index (NDRI). The spatio-temperal distribution of groundwater recharge in the SWAT-MOD-FLOW program, was classified as group 4, run in R, sampled for random and a model trained its groundwater recharge was predicted by CART condidering modified PVI, NDVI, NDTI, NDRI, PCP, and geomorphological data. To assess inter-rater reliability for group 4 groundwater recharge, the Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy and confusion matrix using K-fold cross-validation were calculated. The model obtained a Kappa coefficient of 0.3-0.6 and an overall accuracy of 0.5-0.7, indicating that the proposed model for estimating groundwater recharge with respect to soil type and vegetation cover is quite reliable.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.541-552
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• 2018

The implementation of drought measures in the upstream areas of river basins is seldom considered with respect to water supply. However, the demand for such measures is increasing rapidly owing to the occurrence of severe droughts, and interventions on streams and the water supply are needed. Physical interventions are an option to prevent streams from becoming dry and to maintain stream water flow, but dam construction is challenging because of environmental and ecological considerations. Here, a feasibility study was conducted to assess the potential effects of sand dams, which are widely used in arid regions in Africa. The SWAT-K model, which is a hydrologic model used for Korean watersheds, is used to estimate the flow rate of water in an ungauged watershed. The changes in water storage of the sand-dammed reservoir and in downstream flow rates are estimated for two types of sand dam (natural and dredged). The results show that sand dams are capable of increasing the downstream flow rate during normal conditions and of mitigating water supply problems caused by the withdrawal of water during drought periods.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.139-153
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• 2017

The variation in runoff due to global climate change and urbanization should be identified quantitatively because these two factors have been significantly accelerated during the last three decades in South Korea. However, only a few research to analyze the impacts due to two factors over different time scales can be found. Therefore, in this study, the hydrological model based approach and the hydrological sensitivity approach were used to separate relative impacts by two factors on monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales at the Soyang River upper basin and the Seom River basin in South Korea. The 3 techniques such as the double mass curve method, the Pettitt's test, and the BCP analysis were performed to detect change point occurred by abrupt change in the collected observed runoff. After detection of change ponts, SWAT models calibrated on the natural periods were used to calculate the changes due to human activities. Also, 6 Budyko based methods were auxiliary to verify the results from hydrological based approach.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.251-251
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• 2020

원주시를 비롯한 남한강 지류인 섬강의 중·하류 지역에서의 물 부족 및 수해를 방지를 위하여 남한강 지류인 섬강 유역에 횡성댐이 건설되었다. 그러나 상수원으로 이용되는 타 댐에 비해 횡성댐의 최근 5년간 TOC와 BOD₅의 평균 농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 횡성댐 유역의 수질 오염은 원주시와 횡성군의 식수원인 횡성호의 수질에도 악영향을 미치게 되어 이에 대한 개선책이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 횡성댐 유역의 주요 유입하천을 대상으로 오염원 현황을 파악하고 홍수기 유량·수질 모니터링을 통한 오염원 특성 및 기여도를 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 SWAT 모형을 구축한 후 횡성댐 유역 내 주요 우심하천인 구사천과 횡성댐 말단 지역에 대해 적용 가능한 총 5가지의 수질개선 대책 시나리오를 구성하여 유역 모델링을 통한 전체유황, 홍·풍·평수기, 저·갈수기 수질 오염 저감 효과를 분석하였으며, 추가적인 수질개선 대책으로 지역적 특성을 반영하여 오염원별 다양한 관리대책을 제시하였다. 우심하천인 구사천의 경우 마을하수도 설치에 대한 오염부하 저감 효과와 벌목에 대한 오염부하 영향에 대한 시나리오를 모델 내 적용하여 분석하였다. 또한 횡성댐 유역 말단에 대해 비가림시설 및 유출방지턱 설치에 따른 오염부하 저감 효과, 표준시비량 적용 및 농업BMPs(물꼬관리, 완효성비료, 볏짚피복, 초생대)에 따른 오염부하 저감 효과를 분석하였다. 시나리오별 수질개선 효과를 분석한 결과, BOD₅는 최소 0.1 ~ 11.6%의 수질개선 효과가 있었으며, T-N은 0.1 ~ 22.3%, T-P는 0.1 ~ 31.8%, TOC는 0.1 ~ 3.8%의 수질개선 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 각 수질항목별 시나리오를 분석한 결과, 비가림시설 및 유출방지턱과 축산분뇨 위탁처리 시나리오, 경작지 표준 시비량 시비 및 농업 최적관리 적용 시나리오의 오염원 저감 효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 본 연구에서 제시한 오염저감 시나리오와 수질개선 대책 등을 통해 도출된 결과는 횡성댐 유역의 수질 개선을 위한 대책 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것이라고 판단되나, 횡성호 상류유역의 수질개선만 고려했기 때문에 호소 내 수질관리에 대한 후속 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2018

하천생태계가 호수나 습지생태계와 비교하여 갖는 가장 큰 특징은 '흐름'이 강하게 존재한다는 점이다. 댐과 보 등의 인공물은 하천 내 흐름을 변화시키고, 유량을 조절함으로써 하류에서의 퇴적물 축적, 입자크기, 강의 경사 등의 환경적인 요인이 변화하게 된다. 낙동강 하류는 상류부에 설치되어 있는 안동, 임하, 합천, 밀양 및 남강댐 등 다목적댐과 그 사이에 설치된 보에 의해 지속적으로 하천 유량이 조절되고 있다. 댐/보와 하구둑이 연계된 정체성 조절하천 시스템인 낙동강의 경우, 기후변화와 그에 따른 강우패턴의 변화에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 특히, 다기능보는 하천을 횡단하는 수공구조물로써 보의 수문운영 방식에 따라 유량이 변화하여 하상변동 및 유사이동 형태의 변화 가능성이 있다. 그러나 기후변화에 따른 유출량 변화와 하상변동을 연계하여 분석한 연구는 매우 드물기 때문에 본 연구가 충분히 가치가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역의 구미보 하류와 칠곡보 구간에서 미래기후시나리오를 예측하여 SWAT 모형에 적용하여 수문모의를 통한 유출량 분석을 수행하였다. 미래 유출량 분석결과를 하상변동 모델인 GSTARS의 입력자료로 적용하여 유출량 변화에 따른 하상변동 양상을 분석하고자 하였다. GSTARS 모델의 수류튜브와 유사량 공식을 적용하여 연구구간에서의 최심하상고 분석과 주요지점에서의 횡단면 사행분석을 수행하여 유출량 변화에 따른 하상의 변화와 그에 따른 수리계수들의 변화를 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2019

습지는 해안선 안정화, 생물의 다양성 유지, 수질정화 그리고 관광, 여가활동 그리고 습한 시기에는 물을 흡수하고 건조한 시기에는 방류하는 역할을 하며 인간에 삶에 있어 다양한 역할을 하고 있다. 이처럼 습지의 기능 및 다양성을 보전하기 위해서는 습지내 유량이 유지되어야 하지만, 최근 기후변화로 인한 온도상승 및 불규칙한 강수 패턴으로 인해 습지의 유량이 유지되지 못하고 있다. 특히 산지습지의 경우 습지의 특성상 규모가 작고 고립되어있으며, 환경변화에 민감하기 때문에 물의 순환이 변화하게 되면 다른 내륙습지에 비해 쉽게 습지의 육화 및 건조화가 진행된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 천연기념물 및 수생식물 등 다양한 생물종이 서식하는 보전가치가 높은 금정산에 위치한 산지습지를 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 습지의 상류와 중앙 집수구역에 3개의 수위계를 설치하여 강수에 따른 수위변동 패턴을 분석하였고, 습지 하류부에는 강수계 및 온 습도계를 설치하여 습지의 실측 기상자료를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 물수지 방법을 기반으로 하는 유출모형인 SWAT모형을 활용하여 습지의 유출특성을 분석하고 습지의 유량 변동을 파악하였다. 본 연구에서 분석한 결과를 토대로 향후 금정산 산지습지의 보전을 위한 유지관리 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Recently, the vehicle driving device has been designed for driver's convenience. Especially, the automobile industry develops the vehicle using the joystick instead of steering wheel from the concept car. The biggest strength of using the joystick is that the driver feels less workload and fatigue than when the driver uses steering wheel. However, this kind of study still needs more research and experiments for more accurate result. Therefore, this research evaluated workload according to the driving device by the survey and the measurement of physiological signal. The reason not only using the survey also using the measurement of physiological signal is to support the result of the survey which is not enough to bring the accurate result. There were tow different kinds of methods to carry out this research; SWAT (Subjective Workload Assessment Technique) for the survey and the biopac equipment for the measurement of physiological signal. Furthermore, previously established driving simulator, GPS (Global Positioning System), and Seoul-Cheonan virtual expressway DB were used for the experiment. As the result of the experiment with 13 subjects, it was certain that using joystick device brings less workload and fatigue to the drivers than using steering wheel following both methods-the survey and the measurement of physiological signal. Also, it confirmed the significant result from the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistics analysis program.