• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2020

A CubeSat platform has become a popular choice due to inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and low launch cost. However, it requires more power-efficient and higher-data rate downlink capability for space applications related to remote sensing. In addition, the platform is limited by the size, weight and power (SWaP) constraints as well as the regulatory issue of licensing the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The requirements and limitations have put optical communications on promising alternatives to RF communications for a CubeSat platform, owing to the power efficiency and high data rate as well as the license free spectrum. In this study, we analyzed the performance of optical downlink communications compatible with CubeSat platforms in terms of data rate, bit error rate (BER) and outage probability. Mathematical models of BER and outage probability were derived based on not only the log-normal model of atmospheric turbulence but also a transmitter with a finite extinction ratio. Given the fixed slot width, the optimal guard time and modulation orders were chosen to achieve the target data rate. And the two performance metrics, BER and outage data rate, were analyzed and discussed with respect to beam divergence angle, scintillation index and zenith angle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.405-409
• /
• 2000

We have studied the genome of an obligately commensal thermophile, Symbiobacterium toebii. The chromosome was extracted from pure cultures of S. toebii recently established. Total DNA of S. toebii was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into discrete numbers of fragments by digenstion with the endonuclease SspI, SpeI, XbaI, and HpaI. Estimated sizes of fragments produced by the four enzymes and their sum consistently yielded a total genome size of 2.8 Mb. Because restriction endonucleases NotI and SwaI, recognizing 8 bp, released too many fragments, these enzymes could not be used for the estimation of the genome size. Considering no mobility of undigested genome under PFGE, the genome of S. toebii appears to be circular. The presence of extrachromosomal DNA in S. toebii was excluded by the results of the conventional 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and the field inversion gel electrophoresis of undigested S. toebii DNA.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2018

Two climate change scenarios, the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 in the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), were applied in the Yocheon basin area using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to estimate changes in flow rates and pollutant loadings in the future. Field stream flow rate data in Songdong station and water quality data in Yocheon-1 station between 2013~2015 were used for model calibration. While $R^2$ value of flow rate calibration was 0.85 and $R^2$ value of water qualities were in the 0.12~0.43 range. The total study period was divided into 4 sub periods as 2030s (2016~2040), 2050s (2041~2070) and 2080s (2071~2100). The predicted results of flow rates and water quality concentrations were compared with results in calibrated periods, 2015s (2013~2015). In both RCP scenarios, flow rate and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) loadings were estimated to be in increasing trend while TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) loadings showed decreasing patterns. Also, flow rates and pollutant loadings showed larger differences between the maximum and the minimum values in RCP 4.5 than RCP 8.5 scenarios indicating more severe effect of drought and flood, respectively. Dependent on simulation period and rainfall periods in a year, flow rate, TSS, TN and TP showed different trends in each scenario. This emphasizes importance of considerations on time and space when analyzing climate change impacts of each variable under various scenarios.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1995년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 전남대학교; 28-29 Apr. 1995
• /
• pp.847-864
• /
• 1995

In this paper we present an integrated methodology for strategic planning in telecommunications standardization. Especially this paper focuses on the method of setting priorities for telecommunications SWAs(Standardization Work Areas) and related SWls(Standardization Work Items). To make a strategic plan for telecommunications standardization in which usually includes prioritization, resource allocation, standardization schedule for each SWA is based on prioritization of SWAs. Our methodology integrated various existing methods including the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and a modified Delphi technique. Recently, rapid technology evolution in telecommunications fields increases the necessity of developing more and more new standards. Also increased complexity of those technologies makes standards more complicated, more specified and more thick than the past ones. As a result, the number of SWAs and SWIs are being increased constantly. Furthermore, rapid telecommunication environment changes such as deregulation, liberalization, privatization, regionalization, and globalization surrounding standardization bring about new challenges and opportunities. Due to all these trends, strategic planning for telecommunications standardization grows more and more important. To cope with these challenges and also to make the more efficient use of the limited standardization resources including time, financial, human resources, we suggest more logical and rational approach that will be a backbone of strategic plan for telecommunications standardization. The telecommunications standardization planning process involves a MCDM(Multi-Criteria Decision Making) process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is a kind of MCDM approaches. Our method is based on a combination of a modified Delphi technique and an application of AHP(Liberator's spreadsheet model). Analyzed data from Delphi technique is used as inputs to ABP. In addition, we also focus on the technique how to combine group judgments and to handle a large number of comparisons. We present analyzed results including Pilot and Full Scale Survey according to the proposed process. The result of this study will be useful input for telecommunications standardization policy making and practical implementation.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.238-245
• /
• 2016

다양한 무기체계가 활용되고 있는 전장공간은 자원이 제약되고 가변성이 높은 특징을 가진다. 이러한 전장환경에서 운용되는 각 자원들간의 접근성과 통합성의 한계를 극복하기 위한 방안 중의 하나가 서비스 지향 구조 기반의 기술이다. 임무 수행을 위해 필요한 각 서비스들은 기술된 전장에 배치된 자원과 적절한 형태로 군 임무 환경에서 활용되는 탐지/타격 무기체계를 포함하는 자원을 임무 수행 시에 임무 요구사항에 따라 적시에 적절하게 배치하여 사용하기 위해서 자원을 최적의 자원을 찾는 기술이 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 임무 달성에 필요한 요구사항과 자원의 제공능력을 온톨로지 기반으로 모델링하여 능력기반 시맨틱 매칭 방법과 적용 결과를 통해 그 실효성을 보이고자 한다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.357-365
• /
• 2015

최근 항공기, 자동차와 같은 시스템들은 크기, 무게, 전력 등의 문제로 기존 연합형(Federated) 구조에서 모듈형(Modular) 구조로 개발되는 추세이며, 단일 하드웨어에 파티션 개념을 적용하여 다수의 논리적 노드들을 운용할 수 있는 파티션 운영체제도 등장하고 있다. 분산 복구 블록은 실시간 시스템에 적용 가능한 소프트웨어 결함 허용 기법으로 다수의 물리적 노드들을 동기화 시켜 동작시킴으로써 실시간 절체가 가능하도록 하는 설계 기법이다. 분산 복구 블록은 노드들 간의 실시간 동기화를 필요로 하기 때문에 단일 코어 기반의 파티션 구조에는 적합하지 않으며, 적용을 위해서는 멀티코어를 기반으로 하고 또한 AMP(Asymmetric Multi-Processing) 방식을 이용한 파티션 구조에 적용되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 멀티코어 기반 supervised-AMP 가상화 방식의 파티션 운영체제를 이용한 분산 복구 블록 설계 기법을 제안한다. 또한 제안된 설계 기법의 유용성을 보이기 위하여 항공기용 비행제어시스템 시뮬레이션을 이용한 사례 연구를 보인다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2021

For conventional AESA radars, DC-DC power modules using 300 Vdc have low efficiency, high volume, heavy weight, and high price, which have problems in modularity with T/R module groups. In this paper, to improve these problems, we propose a distributed DC-DC power module with high-voltage 800 Vdc and high-efficiency Step-down Converter. In particular, power requirements for modern and future marine weapons systems and sensors are rapidly evolving into high-energy and high-voltage power systems. The power distribution of the next generation Navy AESA radar antenna is under development with 1000 Vdc. In this paper, the proposed highvoltage, high-efficiency DC-DC power modules increase space(size), weight, power and cooling(SWaP-C) margins, reduce integration costs/risk, and reduce maintenance costs. Reduced system weight and higher reliability are achieved in navy and ground AESA systems. In addition, the proposed architecture will be easier to scale with larger shipboard radars and applicable to other platforms.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.691-708
• /
• 2022

머신러닝과 딥러닝의 기술이 보편화되면서 산업제어시스템의 이상(비정상) 탐지 연구에도 적용이 되기 시작하였다. 국내에서는 산업제어시스템의 이상 탐지를 위한 인공지능 연구를 활성화시키기 위하여 HAI 데이터셋을 개발하여 공개하였고, 산업제어시스템 보안위협 탐지 AI 경진대회를 시행하고 있다. 이상 탐지 연구들은 대개 기존의 딥러닝 학습 알고리즘을 변형하거나 다른 알고리즘과 함께 적용하는 앙상블 학습 모델의 방법을 통해 향상된 성능의 학습 모델을 만드는 연구가 대부분 이었다. 본 연구에서는 학습 모델과 데이터 전처리(pre-processing)의 개선을 통한 방법이 아니라, 비정상 데이터를 탐지하여 라벨링 한 결과를 보정하는 후처리(post-processing) 방법으로 이상 탐지의 성능을 개선시키는 연구를 진행하였고, 그 결과 기존 모델의 이상 탐지 성능 대비 약 10%이상의 향상된 결과를 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2023

The amount of data generated by electronic systems through e-commerce, social networks, and data computation has risen. However, the security of data has always been a challenge. The problem is not with the quantity of data but how to secure the data by ensuring its confidentiality and privacy. Though there are several research on cloud data security, this study proposes a security scheme with the lowest execution time. The approach employs a non-linear time complexity to achieve data confidentiality and privacy. A symmetric algorithm dubbed the Non-Deterministic Cryptographic Scheme (NCS) is proposed to address the increased execution time of existing cryptographic schemes. NCS has linear time complexity with a low and unpredicted trend of execution times. It achieves confidentiality and privacy of data on the cloud by converting the plaintext into Ciphertext with a small number of iterations thereby decreasing the execution time but with high security. The algorithm is based on Good Prime Numbers, Linear Congruential Generator (LGC), Sliding Window Algorithm (SWA), and XOR gate. For the implementation in C, thirty different execution times were performed and their average was taken. A comparative analysis of the NCS was performed against AES, DES, and RSA algorithms based on key sizes of 128kb, 256kb, and 512kb using the dataset from Kaggle. The results showed the proposed NCS execution times were lower in comparison to AES, which had better execution time than DES with RSA having the longest. Contrary, to existing knowledge that execution time is relative to data size, the results obtained from the experiment indicated otherwise for the proposed NCS algorithm. With data sizes of 128kb, 256kb, and 512kb, the execution times in milliseconds were 38, 711, and 378 respectively. This validates the NCS as a Non-Deterministic Cryptographic Algorithm. The study findings hence are in support of the argument that data size does not determine the execution.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 교정치료의 마무리 단계에서 비람직하지 못한 순설측 경사를 가진 한 개 치아의 이동을 원할 때 브라켓 슬롯의 크기와 각형선재의 종류, 크기에 따라 부여하여야 할 적절한 임상적 torque (SWA의 각형선재에서 나머지 편평한 부분과 이동을 위해 변형시킨 부분의 단면이 이루는 각도만큼의 torque)의 양을 구하고자 하는 것이다. 임상적 torque는 play와 active torque(브라켓에 모멘트를 전달할 수 있는 torque)의 합으로 구성되는데, play는 수학적 공식을 이용하여 계산하였고 active torque는 컴퓨터를 이용한 삼차원 유한요소법으로 구하였다. 유한요소모델은 일렬로 배열된 세 개의 브라켓과 여기에 삽입된 stainless steel, TMA , NiTi 이렇게 3가지 종류의 교정용 각형선재로 구성된 다. 양쪽의 브라켓을 일정한 각도로 비틀어서 가운데 브라켓에 발생하는 모멘트를 계산하였다. 선재의 크기는 많이 사용되는 각형선재인 .016"X.022", .017"X.022", .017"X.025", .018"X.025", .019"X.025", .020"X.025". .021"X.025"의 7개로 디자인하였다. .018" 브라켓에는 .016"X.022", .017"X.022", .017"X.025" 선재를 삽입하여 실험하였고, .022" 브라켓에는 .016"X.022" 선재를 제외한 나미지 선재를 삽입하여 실험하였다. 실험으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 삽입된 브라켓 슬롯의 크기에 상관없이 같은 크기와 재질의 교정용 각형선재에 같은 active torque를 가하면 동일한 모멘트가 발생하였다. 2. 선재의 크기가 증가될 수록 동일한 active torque에 의해 발생되는 모멘트의 양은 증가하였다. 실험에 사용한 가장 굵은 선재인 .021"X.033" 선재는 동일한 재질의 가장 가는 .015"X.022" 선재에 비해 약 1.75배 더 큰 torsional stiffness를 가졌다. 3. 선재의 재질에 따라서는 stainless steel, TMA, NiTi순으로 torsional stiffness가 감소하였는데 stainless steel에 비해 TMA는 0.35배, NiTi는 0.16배였다. 4. 브라켓간 거리의 증가와 발생되는 torsional .stiffness는 반비례하였다. 브라켓간 거리의 증가에 의해 감소되는 torsional stiffness의 비율은 선재의 재질과 상관이 있었고 크기에 따라서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. 교정치료의 마무리 단계에서 이상적인 순설측 경사이동을 일으키는 임상적 torque의 공식과 값을 구하였다.