• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2017

Surface soil is one of the most important resources that have many functions for human needs such as conservation of water resource, purification of contaminated materials, and productivity of food or energy. However, the surface soil is a limited resource that cannot be recovered readily for a long time once it is lost by erosion. In Korea, the Ministry of Environment enacted the notification on the investigation of surface soil erosion and corresponding countermeasures. As the results, database of soil quality assess criteria (biomass, groundwater recharge, habitat, carbon storage, buffer, and soil loss) was established, and the web-based system that can evaluate surface soil conditions was developed. However, non-experts have difficulties in using the system because the system requires in-depth knowledge about soil qualities. In this study, the Web Geographic Information System (GIS) watershed-based surface soil information system was developed to improve usability of the system and accessibility of soil quaility database. The system provides the current condition of surface soil characteristics and GIS-based soil data at selected locations. The users are able to download soil quality data in different districts, watersheds, and special regions allocated by TauDEM module. The system developed in this study would valuable surface soil information for studies of soil quality and its environmental effects, and thereby contributing to establishing more appropriate and robust soil conservation laws.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2009

Knowledge about how to stabilize soil structure is essential to conserve soil systems and maintain various biogeochemical processes through soil. In urban area, soil structural systems are degraded with inappropriate management and land use and become vulnerable to erosion. We analyzed the structural changes of surface soils with different land uses, i.e., forests, parks, roadside green area, riparian area, and farmlands (soybean fields), in the Anyang Stream Watershed in order to find the factors influencing the stability of soil structure and the implication for better management of surface soil. Soil organic matter contents of other land use soils were only 18~52% of that in forest soils. Soil organic matter increased the stability of soil aggregates in the order of soybean fields < roadsides < riparian < parks < forests and also reduced soil bulk density (increased porosity). The lowest stability of soybean field soils was attributed to the often disturbance like tillage and it was considered that higher stability of park soils comparing to other land use soils except forests was owing to the covering of soil surface with grass. These results suggest that supply of soil organic matter and protection of soil surface with covering materials are very important to increase porosity and stability of soil structure.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.333-337
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 원격탐사와 GIS 기술을 이용하여 지형특성을 분석하고 효과적인 토양보존계획 및 관리를 위해 검토되어야 할 토사유실 원인지역을 선정하기 위한 전략적 접근방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 지형학적으로 인접되어 있지만 저수지의 탁도에는 매우 큰 차이를 보이고 있는 안동과 임하호 유역을 선정하였다. 각 유역에 대한 효과적인 토양보존계획 및 관리를 위해서는 강우발생에 따른 토사유실의 전반적인 거동을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 토양보존 프로그램의 효용성을 증가시키기 위해서는 각 유역을 구성하고 있는 소유역별 토사유실 잠재성을 심도 있게 분석해야 한다. 특히 본 연구에서는 안동호와 임하호 유역을 상류, 중류, 하류로 구분하여 토양침식인자, 지형인자, 식생피복인자 그리고 토사유실량의 거동을 분석하였다. 여기서 제시된 접근방법은 토양보존계획을 위해 검토되고 관리되어야 할 우선지역 선정을 위한 가이드라인을 제공 할 것이다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2007

고온의 맑은 날 양지에 자가용을 주차시키는 것이 기온상승에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 양지와 음지에 주차되어 있는 차량을 대상으로 차의 상판과 차 내부의 온도를 27시간에 걸쳐서 측정하였다. 뿐만 아니라 양지와 음지를 대상으로 아스팔트와 토양의 표면온도 및 몇 가지 기상요소를 동시에 관측하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 자료를 이용하여 낮 동안에 아스팔트, 나대지 그리고 차의 상판에서 대기로 공급되는 현열을 산출하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 나대지, 아스팔트 그리고 차의 상판온도는 낮 동안에 각각 $30{\sim}37^{\circ}C,\;37{\sim}46^{\circ}C$ 및 $42{\sim}49^{\circ}C$까지 상승함을 확인할 수 있었다. 2) 양지에 주차된 차량의 상판에서 대기 중으로 수송되는 현열의 양은 아스팔트와 나대지 표면에 비하여 훨씬 많은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 차량 상판과 지표면간의 현열플럭스 차이는 낮 동안에 최대 약 60(아스팔트표면), 85(나대지 표면) $W/m^2$에 이르렀다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2016

구리 현릉의 능상석조물은 주로 자철석계열의 흑운모화강암으로 구성되었으며 풍화도가 높다. 손상 특성으로는 미생물 및 토사 유입과 흑색오염물의 발생률이 높게 나타났다. 봉분 부재에 대한 손상도 평가 결과, 토사(50.5%)와 지의류(47.6%)의 피도가 주요 요인으로 나타났으며 북면에서 지의류 외의 생물생육(8.6%)이 두드러진다. 표면오염물은 광물산화와 부재간 이음부에서 석고가 생성되었고 주요 변색양상인 흑색은 유기물에 의한 것으로 해석되었다. 각 단위 부재별 초음파 측정 결과, 평균 2,195 m/s의 속도로 심한풍화(HW)가 진행된 상태이며 대부분 부재에서 4~5등급에 도시되었다. 따라서 현릉의 능상석물에 대한 보존처리가 필요한 상태로 판단된다. 훼손을 촉진하는 토사 및 높은 점유율을 보이는 지의류 등 생물오염 세척과 상당한 풍화가 진행된 부재에 대한 강화 및 접합 충전이 요구된다. 또한 Ca를 주성분으로 하는 보수물질과 백화에 대한 제거 및 재처리 여부에 대한 논의가 필요하다 .

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

Over twenty thousand types of bryohytes are existed in the world. Bryophytes are generally considered to be primitive plants and seriously neglected by even in botany area. Bryophytes includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They thrive in humid environments and require water to survive. Some types, however, can recover after serious dehydration, even after years of complete dehydration. They generally absorb water and nutrients not from roots which is called rhizoid, but through entire body. The rhizoids are nonchlorophyllose fillamentous branches and attach the body to substratum such as soil and rocks. The attachment of mosses in soil surface provides a good protection from soil erosion by runoff water. In this presentation, reviewed and discussed are ecological characteristics and engineering perspectives of mosses, particularly with respect to soil and water conservation.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

To study the cleaning effects and post-treatment stability assessment of various methods of cleaning textiles with metal thread, six naturally-soiled historical textiles with metal thread were investigated at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Prior to the cleaning of fabricated gold, silver, and copper thread that had been glued onto a paper substrate, the artificial deterioration was carried out in a controlled environment with light(UV and daylight), and temperature and humidity factors which would weaken and damage the samples. A synthetic soil mixture was applied to the samples to imitate soil found on the historic and archaeological textiles with metal thread; the cleaning effect and post-treatment assessment were investigated by use of three textile cleaning methods: mechanical cleaning, wet cleaning, and solvent cleaning. While investigating the naturally-soiled textiles with metal thread, it was determined that the soil colors and sizes of contaminating particles of each textile were different due to the diversity of original environmental factors and conditions. After cleaning with kneaded rubber, Stoddard solvent, n-decane or n-hexane, a bright, clean effect was apparent. Kneaded rubber was successful in picking up both large and small particles, but its stickiness caused some of the metal leaf to peel off. Stoddard solvent produced a good cleaning effect, but after use of n-hexane and n-decane in the cleaning process, a white layer of residue remained on the textile's surface. Wet cleaning was not effective and the rapid humidity changes between wet and dry conditions caused the edges of the paper substrate to lose their original shape.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권37호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

국내 목조문화재의 흰개미 피해는 토양과 인접한 건축물의 기둥하부에 주로 발생하지만 흰개미의 유입은 주변 야산의 부후된 목재나 수목 제거 후 남겨진 그루터기에 서식하는 흰개미가 인접한 건물로 유입되어 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 목조문화재 생물피해 조사에서 흰개미 서식이 확인된 그루터기를 제거하면서 수거된 보은 법주사, 여수 흥국사, 그리고 보성 이용우 가옥의 그루터기와 주변 토양으로부터 미생물을 분리하였다. 그 결과, 세균의 분포 비율이 높았고 지역에 따라 세균 군집에 명확한 차이를 보였으며, 특히 보성 이용우 가옥 내 토양에서 다양한 세균이 다량 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

Most of the uplands in alpine regions during off-season are left as bare soil and thus vulnerable to severe erosion due to the inherent topographical conditions. Appropriate management strategy to cope with this problem is urgently needed, yet few researches have been reported on the effects of winter cover crop and management on soil erosion. We assessed effects of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) as cover crop, green manure or mulching residue on soil erosion and quality through field and segment plot lysimeter experiments in alpine uplands. Ryegrass successfully adopted to winter in alpine region based on biomass, nutrient contents, and vigors of top and root systems. Incorporation of ryegrass into soil maintained soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and yield of cabbage exerting potential use as green manure. Cultivation of ryegrass suppressed occurrence of Chinese cabbage pests. Surface coverage by ryegrass as cover crop and mulching residue significantly reduced soil loss up to 96%, when combined with soil conservation management practices. Results revealed maintaining cover crop over winter was beneficial in reducing soil erosion, and sustaining soil quality and Chinese cabbage productivity. This study suggested winter cover crop, followed by green manure and mulching, and conservation tillage system could be one of the best management practices in alpine sloping uplands cultivating Chinese cabbage.