• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.655-660
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• 2009

Purpose : To compare birth weight between infants with a single umbilical artery (SUA) and normal infants, investigate the associated anomalies of infants with SUA and isolated SUA (no abnormality of external appearance on birth, except SUA), and determine the prognosis of infants with isolated SUA. Methods : Live-born infants with SUA (n=59) detected by physical examination from among 15,193 live births in seven university hospitals in Korea between January 1, 2004, to August 1, 2007, were reviewed retrospectively, with 236 normal infants serving as the control group. Results : A statistical difference was observed between the groups in birth weight and in vitro fertilization. The incidence of infants with SUA was 0.37%. Congenital malformations were observed in 21 infants with cardiovascular (n=15, 25.4%), gastrointestinal (n=2, 3.4%), genitourinary (n=9, 15.3%), neuromusculoskeletal (n=6, 10.2%), central nervous system (n=1, 1.7%), chromosomal (n=1, 1.7%), and other (n=3, 5.1%) abnormalities. There were 49 (83.1%) infants with isolated SUA in this study population; among them, the associated congenital malformations were cardiovascular (n=6, 12.2%) and genitourinary (n=6, 12.2%) abnormalities. Two infants with cyanotic heart disease were operated and four infants with acyanotic heart disease showed improvements without any treatment. Six infants with genitourinary abnormalities on renal ultrasound had mild hydronephrosis without further consequences. Conclusion : The incidence of structural abnormalities in the cardiovascular and genitourinary systems is high and the genitourinary anomalies associated with isolated SUA have relatively good prognosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.248-256
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• 2018

Objectives: Several studies have investigated the effects of serum uric acid (SUA) levels on chronic kidney disease (CKD), with discrepant results. The effect of SUA levels on CKD development was studied in the Korean rural population. Methods: A total of 9695 participants aged ${\geq}40years$ were recruited from 3 rural communities in Korea between 2005 and 2009. Of those participants, 5577 who participated in the follow-up and did not have cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cancer, or CKD at baseline were studied. The participants, of whom 2133 were men and 3444 were women, were grouped into 5 categories according to their quintile of SUA levels. An estimated glomerular filtration rate of < $60mL/min/1.73m^2$ at the time of follow-up was considered to indicate newly developed CKD. The effects of SUA levels on CKD development after adjusting for potential confounders were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Among the 5577 participants, 9.4 and 11.0% of men and women developed CKD. The hazard ratio (HR) of CKD was higher in the highest quintile of SUA levels than in the third quintile in men (adjusted HR, 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 2.51) and women (adjusted HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.15). Furthermore, CKD development was also more common in the lowest quintile of SUA levels than in the third quintile in men (adjusted HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.90). The effect of SUA was consistent in younger, obese, and hypertensive men. Conclusions: Both high and low SUA levels were risk factors for CKD development in rural Korean men, while only high levels were a risk factor in their women counterparts.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the longitudinal associations of the antioxidant capacity of zinc and body mass index (BMI) with serum uric acid (SUA) in South Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using follow-up data from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort, we included subjects who were seen at 3 and 7 years of age (n = 183; 90 boys, 93 girls). Daily zinc intake and BMI were assessed at 3 and 7 years of age. SUA measured at 7 years was used as the outcome variable. Using a general linear model, the effects of dietary zinc intake and BMI on SUA were assessed. We also assessed the combined effect of early dietary zinc intake and BMI on SUA in children. RESULTS: The dietary zinc intake at 3 years of age was negatively correlated (ρ = -0.18, P = 0.04), whereas the BMI at 7 years of age was positively correlated (r = 0.18, P = 0.01), with the SUA level at 7 years of age. The dietary zinc intake level at 3 years of age and the BMI level at 7 years of age were, together, significantly related to SUA in children at 7 years of age. SUA was lower in group 1 (normal-weight, high-zinc group) than in the other two groups (group 2: normal-weight, low-zinc and overweight, high-zinc group; and group 3: overweight, low-zinc group). Our results demonstrate the combined effect of zinc intake and BMI on SUA. The combined association remained significant in both the crude and adjusted models (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SUA was related to combined BMI and dietary zinc intake, and increased zinc intake and normal body weight had a beneficial effect on reducing SUA in children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2006

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.670-679
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• 2021

Objective: Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) is a uric acid transporter that is associated with uric absorption in mice and humans; but it is unknown whether GLUT9 involves in chicken uric acid regulation. This experiment aimed to investigate the chicken GLUT9 expression and serum uric acid (SUA) level. Methods: Sixty chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15): a control group (NC); a sulfonamide-treated group (SD) supplemented with sulfamonomethoxine sodium via drinking water (8 mg/L); a fishmeal group (FM) supplemented with 16% fishmeal in diet; and a uric acid-injection group (IU), where uric acid (250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day. The serum was collected weekly to detect the SUA level. Liver, kidney, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected to detect the GLUT9 mRNA and protein expression. Results: The results showed in the SD and IU groups, the SUA level increased and GLUT9 expression increased in the liver, but decreased in the kidney, jejunum, and ileum. In the FM group, the SUA level decreased slightly and GLUT9 expression increased in the kidney, but decreased in the liver, jejunum, and ileum. Correlation analysis revealed that liver GLUT9 expression correlated positively, and renal GLUT9 expression correlated negatively with the SUA level. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that there may be a feedback regulation of GLUT9 in the chicken liver and kidney to maintain the SUA balance; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated in future studies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1429-1434
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• 2014

Recently, SUA(Sudden Unintended Acceleration) are increasingly occurred. However, all the responsibilities of SUA are accepted by an innocent driver despite of painful results due to mystery of accurate cause. If a driver raises this kind of trouble to the corresponding manufacturer, the automaker collects EDR installed in that vehicle and provides the result of their analysis as it turns out most of the analysis results were diagnosed "there is nothing wrong with the car". In this trend, the technology to protect drivers' position from SUA should be developed. In this study, the researchers aimed to develop a black box system that collects additional data from throttle valve which is considered as one of major causes of SUA accidents, in order to explain cause of SUA and defend innocent drivers.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2017

In this study, we made UV cured acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive containing silicone-urethane-acrylate (SUA) oligomer for a coating on protective film and investigated the effect of SUA oligomer content and UV-dose on adhesion properties. The results illustrated that peel strength decreases with increasing oligomer content and UV-dose, while holding power increases. The gel fractions sharply increased after UV irradiation and then remain constant with prolonged UV exposure. From peel-off test, sample S70 (70% oligomer content) shows the best peelability and removability without remaining any mark or adhesive material on the test substrate than S50 (50% oligomer content) and S60 (60% oligomer content). Sample S70 also showed a surface energy lower than $26mJ/m^2$ and a transmittance higher than 95% at UV-dose 1857 and $2270mJ/cm^2$ which met the required properties for protective film application.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between serum uric acid, abdominal obesity, and waist circumference (WC) in Korean. A total of 208 healthy examinees were examined at Gimcheon Medical Center from July 2011 to December 2011. WC and body mass index (BMI) of subjects were measured as well as blood pressure, fasting blood sugar level, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, and serum uric acid (SUA). In both men (p<0.05) and women (p<0.01), BMI and SUA were significantly correlated with WC. In men, triglycerides (r=0.501, p<0.01) had a positive correlation with WC, and CRP (r=0.442, p<0.01) had a positive correlation with BMI. In women, triglycerides (r=0.470, p<0.01) and CRP (r=0.366, p<0.01) had a positive correlation with WC. Therefore, WC and SUA may be the most effective anthropometric indices of obesity for screening Korean population.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.299-303
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• 2015

Flexible space is an adaptable space that has been increasingly used in many office and academic buildings as it increases the use of the space available and reduces the unnecessary building area. However, the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) industry lacks a formalized method that helps architects predict and update the space utilization of flexible space during the project development, as such prediction aims to maximize the use of the building space available without exceeding the target utilization policy. Consequently, current manual utilization prediction results in lower accuracy level and limits the maximized use of the flexible space, which has multiple space-use types that affect the prediction of utilization. To address this problem, we identified eight space-use type differentiators (SUTDs) based on the literature review and observations and discussed the use of them in automated space-use analysis (SUA), which can predict the utilization of flexible space via a computer program. This research builds on SUA and contributes to flexible space planning by providing a means of a more comprehensive and accurate SUA.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.91-110
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• 2005

Maritime terrorism at sea is the form of violent interference with shipping. Its global reach and negative impact on sea transportation, safety of navigation and marine environment, as well as the threat it poses to human lives and property, call for effective countermeasures at the international and national level at the same time. First, this paper gives a factual assessment of the phenomenon of maritime terrorism as well as a legal analysis of the international provisions to suppress such forms of violence at sea which is different from piracy. And also this paper attempts to address and identify issues relevant to the existing international regulations such as SUA Convention as the main source of international regulations applicable to acts of terrorism at sea, ISPS Code, PSI, etc. Finally this paper suggests the national countermeasures against maritime terrorism in light of above mentioned the definition, causes, types of maritime terrorism and concerning international regulations.