• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2017

Objective: Musculoskeletal neck pain have many symptoms which include decreased range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength, and increased pain. However, the management methods are controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three interventions on ROM, strength, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) with musculoskeletal neck pain. Design: Pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty subjects participated in this experiment. They were randomly assigned to thefollowing groups: passive stretching (PS) group (n=10), massage (MASS) group (n=10), and muscle energy technique (MET) group (n=10). The treatment were applied bilaterally on the upper trapezius. The PS was applied 3 times for 30 seconds each time. The MASS was applied using two different techniques for 2 minutes per technique. For MET, the subjects performed 2 sets of 3 repetitions of isometric resistance exercise that was maintained for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of rest. ROM, strength, and PPT parameters were measured after intervention. Results: In the MASS group, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes except for muscle strength (p<0.05). In the MET group, ROM and strength significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment results (p<0.05). As result of measuring the amount of change in each group, there was a significant difference in ROM (flexion) in the PS group compared with the MASS and MET group, a significant difference in strength in the MET group compared with the PS and MASS groups, and a significant difference in PPT in the MASS groups compared with the PS and MET groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that PS, MASS, and MET are effective methods for improving ROM, strength, and PPT for musculoskeletal neck pain. Therefore, various therapeutic interventions for improving ROM, strength, and pain are suggested.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2018

In this paper, a new displacement field based on quasi-3D hybrid-type higher order shear deformation theory is developed to analyze the static and dynamic response of exponential (E), power-law (P) and sigmoïd (S) functionally graded beams. Novelty of this theory is that involve just three unknowns with including stretching effect, as opposed to four or even greater numbers in other shear and normal deformation theories. It also accounts for a parabolic distribution of the transverse shear stresses across the thickness, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions at beams surfaces without introducing a shear correction factor. The beam governing equations and boundary conditions are determined by employing the Hamilton's principle. Navier-type analytical solutions of bending and free vibration analysis are provided for simply supported beams subjected to uniform distribution loads. The effect of the sigmoid, exponent and power-law volume fraction, the thickness stretching and the material length scale parameter on the deflection, stresses and natural frequencies are discussed in tabular and graphical forms. The obtained results are compared with previously published results to verify the performance of this theory. It was clearly shown that this theory is not only accurate and efficient but almost comparable to other higher order shear deformation theories that contain more number of unknowns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

Purpose : To identify the effects of Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome. Methode : The present research investigated 60 patients with neck myofascial syndrome, dividing them into a group doing Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and a group doing Stretching, This study examined degree of recovery from neck pain by comparing their neck myofascial pain syndrome before and after the treatment, and compared two groups to find difference in the degree of recovery from myofascial pain syndrome. Results : 1. For Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group, the pain rating score (PRS) were significantly decreased for six weeks treatment. 2. For Stretching group, the pain rating score (PRS) did not indicate significant decrease for six weeks treatment. 3. For Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group, range of motion of flexion, left rotation, right rotation indicated significant difference after pre test and after two week but no significant difference after four week. 4. For Stretching group, range of motion of flexion, left rotation, and right rotation except extension indicated significant difference after pre test and after two week but no significant difference after four week. Conclusion : The Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is considered to be effective in increasing joint range of motion of patient and decreasing pain. Accordingly physical therapists has to learn a wide range of patterns and to develop various treatment techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.380-388
• /
• 2016

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) has been actively used in plate heat exchangers due to its light weight, high specific strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, compared with automotive steels and aluminum alloys, there has not been much research on the plastic deformation characteristics and press formability of CP Ti sheet. In this study, the mechanical properties of CP Ti sheet are clarified in relation to press formability, including anisotropic properties and the stress-strain relation. The flow curve of the true stress-true strain relation is fitted well by the Kim-Tuan hardening equation rather than the Voce and Swift models. The forming limit curve (FLC) of CP Ti sheet was experimentally evaluated as a criterion for press formability by punch stretching tests. Analytical predictions were also made via Hora's modified maximum force criterion. The predicted FLC with the Kim-Tuan hardening model and an appropriate yield function shows good correlation with the experimental results of the punch stretching test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the elastic band and stretching exercise program on ankle joint maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and plantar pressure in high-heel wearing women in their 20s. METHODS: Twenty women in their twenties were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The experimental group (n=10) performed the elastic band exercise program, while the control group (n=10) performed the stretching exercise program. Both exercise programs were performed three times a week for a total of four weeks. The BTE Primus RS was used in order to measure the ankle joint MVIC during dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion. Maximum pressure ($N/cm^2$), average pressure ($N/cm^2$) were measured using the Pedoscan. SPSS v. 21.0 software was used for all statistical analyses in this study. RESULTS: The measurement of the ankle joint's MVIC revealed that in inversion, a significant change in both feet was seen in both the experimental and control groups. In eversion, there was a significant change in both feet only in the experimental group. In terms of the rest of the results, no significant changes were visible. With regard to the plantar pressure, no significant results were seen for either foot in the comparison between or within the groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise program using elastic band and exercise program using stretching were effective on MVIC of ankle joint muscles, although it had no effect on changes of plantar pressure.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle kinesio taping on postural control function during exercise in university students. Method : Thirty subjects were randomly allocated to three groups: Y taping group (n=20), I taping group (n=20) and Non-taping group (n=20). All groups underwent the same exercise program including stretching for 30 minutes. The exercise program proceeded in the following order: five minutes of stretching, a 20-minutes exercise program, and additional five 5 minutes of stretching. Of the eight exercise methods suggested by Purcell et al, seven were chosen (lateral shuffle, forward & backward running, agility ladder, figure-of-8, forward jogging while jumping over cones, wall jumps and zigzags); $90^{\circ}$ cuts with lateral shuffle were omitted. The postural control functions was measured participants's perceptions of stability, confidence, and reassurance using methods suggested by Purcell et al,. Result : The confidence was significant difference in I taping group compared to Non taping group. The reassurance was significant difference in Y taping group and I taping group compared to Non taping group. Conclusion : The Kinesio taping increased confidence, and reassurance during exercise in university students. Additional research on Kinesio taping for improving range of motion and agility is need.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2007

A few of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) membranes and PTFE fine powders were analyzed to chooce an optimum resin. The bi-axial stretching process was developed to set up the foundation of the preparation process and control the pore size and porosity of PTFE membrane. The pretreatment of PTFE fine powder used in the preparation process for PTFE was needed. The mixing of additives, the ripening of mixture, paste extrusion process of ripening powder, calendering process and the bi-axial process were conducted for controlling pore size, porosity and thckness of membrane. The aftertreatment which strengthened the mechanical properties was necessary. The control of pore size and porosity of the membrane were determined. The ratio of PTFE fine powder and additives at the paste extrusion process, the ripening time, the ripening temperature and the parameters of temperature and pressure at the paste extrusion process were optimized.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2019

Exercising and stretching are essential for the growth of children, but recently, children's outdoor activities are limited due to social risks such as fine dust and child crime. It has increased the need for children's programs that can be safely and easily followed indoors. In this paper, we developed a system to induce and manage children's voluntary stretching to support growth. The system developed in this paper recognizes the child's stretching motions in real-time using Kinect to evaluate the match rate with the standard motions. The system gives users the results with a calendar and check stamp to provide voluntary motivation for the child and to provide parents with systematic management of the child's progress.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2020

There is a growing interest in breast augmentation surgery, which can most effectively maximize femininity, among modern women around the world. However, breast augmentation surgery is considered one of the most terrifying surgeries many women are afraid of, as many cases of its side effects have been reported. As a way to provide a complementary method to deal with it, this study investigated the effects of a non-surgical breast enhancement program by stretching soft tissue of the breast. According to the results, there was no change in body weight and breast elasticity, but there were marked increases in breast cup size, breast diameter and volume of the women who used this program. The external soft tissue expansion system was found to be effective in Korean women's change of breast shape. On the other hand, users should use this system regularly for some period of time, and this would limit their social activities. Therefore, for the effective use of this system, its users should make individual efforts.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.625-629
• /
• 2011

A quantitative analysis of the decreasing rate of the monomer and increasing rate of the polymerization was made by monitoring radiation level increments using Raman spectroscopy within the therapeutic radiation range for a normoxic polymethacrylic acid gel dosimeter. The gel dosimeter was synthesized by stirring materials such as gelatin, distilled water, methacrylic acid, hydroquinone and tetrakis phosphonium chloride at $50^{\circ}C$, and the synthesized gel was contained in a 10- mm diameter and 32-mm high vial to conduct measurement. 24 hours after gel synthesis, it was irradiated from 0 Gy to 20 Gy by 2 Gy using a Co-60 radiotherapy unit. With use of the Cryo FE-SEM, structural changes in the 0 Gy and 10 Gy gel dosimeters were investigated. The Raman spectra were acquired using 532-nm laser as the excitation source. In accordance with fitting the changes in C-COOH stretching (801 $cm^{-1}$), C=C stretching (1639 $cm^{-1}$) and vinyl $CH_2$ stretching (3114 $cm^{-1}$) vibrational modes for monomer and $CH_2$ bending vibrational mode (1451 $cm^{-1}$) for polymer, sensitive parameter S for each mode was calculated. The values of S for monomer bands and polymer band were ranged in $6.0{\pm}2.6$ Gy and $7.2{\pm}2.3$ Gy, respectively, which shows a relatively good conformity of the decreasing rate of monomer and the increasing rate of polymerization within the range of error.