• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.1 s.19
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• pp.41-56
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• 2007

Related with the mathematics gifted children the situation of different case studies is the research which is limited in mathematics problem solving process of the most mathematics gifted children. The research which it sees hereupon observes from the scope which is wider the quality of the mathematics gifted children, before the hazard mathematics gifted children whom it sees enter into the mathematics gifted children education center unit life and life after studying living and dismissal of a class from the general school, namely for their general life it leads compared to attitude it observes the reporter it does a quality. For a what kind of interest in the mathematics gifted children, the research leads the family or general class, from the gifted children education center it has it considers encouragement, map and to give a help to good mathematics gifted children education activation, it does. It will reach and to respect with afterwards it set a same three research problem. First, before entering into the mathematics gifted children education center, are the mathematics gifted children what kind of quality? Second, Are the mathematics gifted children what kind of quality for general school hour? Third, Are the mathematics gifted children what kind of quality after dismissal of a class after hour? Being selected in the hazard gifted children education center which solves an up research problem, simple characteristic and approach ease characteristic, by the condition of the permission possibility back it selected 2 person gifted children school boxes which are coming and going. And, before entering into these mathematics gifted children education center, studying life from the general school, life after dismissal of a class it will extend at 1 years, various recording it will ask and it collected direct observation and interview it led against their quality it analyzed. It shared the result which it analyzes with emotional quality, studying conduct qualities, general qualities of the mathematics gifted children and qualities of mathematics gifted children parents. Studies level of the mathematics gifted children parents high facility when them are young from, the interest and helping out which it has were considerable, to advance with the direction where in order for always with great disaster them are proper the map it did. In general quality of the mathematics gifted children from young age the ability which finds a language and a possibility concept superiorly the ability which expresses the thought of oneself logically was superior, the competitive spirit was high, it liked it came reading, a leader role, to reveal a deepening school with the fact that it comes and goes. Also it will burn with their studying conduct quality and it will roll and it did deeply and it arranged knot eagerly, accomplishing which is superior from the field which is various it showed, the originality was superior, the subject attachment power was high quite, oneself it studies it has a devotion the possibility of knowing it was. And, the social characteristic of the friends and is good with their emotional quality and it does there is own reflection and an encouragement at any time and also a confidence, but just as good as the stress also it receives the possibility of knowing it was to him.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidative and neuroprotective effect of pig skin extracts (PS) and pig skin gelatin hydrolysates (LPS) using a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). The extraction yield of PS was 3 fold higher than that of LPS. The protein content of PS was about 10 fold higher than that of LPS (p<0.05). Also LPS increased antioxidative activity dose dependently, and the activity was significantly higher than PS at all concentration (p<0.05). DPPH radical scavenging activity of LPS at 50 mg/mL was 92.97%, which was similar to $1{\mu}M$ vitamin C as a positive control. ABTS radical scavenging activity of LPS (20 mg/mL) was 89.83% and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of LPS at 1 mg/mL was $141.39{\mu}M$ Trolox Equvalent/g. No significant change of human neuroblastoma cells was determined by MTT test. Cell death by oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$ and amyloid beta 1-42 ($A{\beta}_{1-42}$) was protected by LPS rather than PS. Acetylcholine esterase was significantly inhibited, by up to 33.62% by LPS at 10 mg/mL. Therefore, these results suggest that pig skin gelatin hydrolysates below 3 kDa have potential to be used as anti-oxidative and neuroprotective functional additives in the food industry, while further animal test should be determined in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 1994

Effect of different mixing ratio of non-glutinous and glutinous rice on physical and rheological properties of extrudate prepared in a single screw extruder were examined. The extrusion conditions in term of screw speeds, moisture content and die temperature were 258 rpm, 18% and $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. The resisdence time distribution of the most of materials were within 30 second and small portion of them went up to 80 second. The expansion ratio was the highest value (2.93) for 70% of glutinous rice in the mixture, while the lowest value for 100% of non-glutinous rice. Breaking strength was in the range between 1,051g and 1,117g for $10{\sim}20%$ of glutinous rice in the mixture, while the lowest value (737g) for 80%r of glutinous rice. As the amount of glutinous rice increased, L and a values were increased and b value was decreased. The uncooked cold paste viscosity had 400 B.U. for 100% non-glutinous rice , while no peak for the 100% glutinous rice. As the amount of glutinous rice increased up to 100%, the water absorption index (WAI) was decreased, while water solubility index (WSI) was increased. The rheological properties of extrudate were accounted by the law of Oswald. The flow behavior index of extrudate was less than 1.0, which showed pseudoplastic behavior. Yield stress was the highest value for 20% of glutinous rice in the mixture and the lowest value for $80{\sim}100%$ of glutinous; rice. Number of air cell was between 128 and 159 for $80{\sim}100%$ of glutinous rice in the mixture, while $81{\sim}84%$ for $0{\sim}20%$ of glutinous rice. The degree of shapefact was increased more when the mixtures of glutinous and non-glutinous rice was used than when glutinous or non-glutinous rice was only used.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.33-56
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of musical activities on children's aggressiveness using percussion playing through case studies and to present the therapeutic programs. Musical activities using percussion playing were organized for three aggressive children. Twenty-one small group sessions were conducted over seven weeks with 30 minutes given each session. Fourth-grade children involved in using Aggressiveness Measuring Tool for Teachers-revised by Gwak Geum-Joo(1992) was selected for case studies. Children's impulsiveness was also tested through self-test measuring tool for impulsiveness-revision of 16 questions used by Cho Hae Yeon (2001) and Lee Joo Shik (2003). As quantitative method, comparative analysis was made between the pre and post test results using measuring tools for aggressiveness and impulsiveness of children as well as between aggressive behaviors occurring in the initial stage of the first three sessions and in the latter stage of the last three sessions. Qualitative method was used at the same time to examine the effect of percussion playing on children. After the musical activities, child A showed reduced Aggressive Measuring Tool scores from 19 to 18, with child B from 23 to 19 and child C from 21 to 18. The results show that occurrence of aggressive behaviors were lowered in the post test. Impulsiveness Measuring Tool scores in the post test were decreased as well in all three children. During the music therapy programs, it was also observed that the frequency of the target behaviors in all three children has reduced more in the latter stage than the initial stage of music therapy. The qualitative findings indicate that the children experienced releasing stress through self-expression after percussion playing. These findings indicate therapeutic effectiveness of music therapy using on percussion playing in reducing aggressiveness of children as well as the effectiveness of percussion as a therapeutic intervention for aggressive children. These results can be adapted and reapplied by teachers in primary schools to approach children with behavior problems, and can present a useful therapeutic approach to therapists practicing in clinical environments.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Objectives This study aims to build the baseline data for promoting school health care program by identifying satisfaction level and improvement point through the satisfaction survey after Korean medicine doctor's student health and wellness program in 2016. Methods An association of Korean medicine doctor in Seongnam city conducted Korean medicine doctor's student health and wellness program for 12 middle schools, 6 high schools and 1 special-need school in Seongnam city in 2016. The participating Korean medicine doctor visited each school for 8 times and conducted health consultations, health education classes and Korean medicine treatment for the school students and the school employees. Teachers and administrators from the participating schools answered the self-reported satisfaction questionnaires and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results 35 people responded the program satisfaction questionnaires, the overall satisfaction average was $9.40{\pm}0.88$ (out of 10). In the course of the program, satisfaction average regarding the student's health check-ups was $9.05{\pm}0.88$, satisfaction average regarding the informatory brochures for the parents was $9.08{\pm}1.09$, satisfaction average regarding the participation enrollment process was $9.06{\pm}1.16$, and the satisfaction average regarding the questionnaire statistics and the result reports was $8.86{\pm}1.93$. The satisfaction average of the program was as follows: health consultation ($9.20{\pm}1.08$), treatment ($9.31{\pm}0.90$), and health education classes ($8.78{\pm}1.68$). Some of the good things about program were 'Telling students about their physical condition' (57.1%), 'Curing the sick student quickly' (48.6%), 'Providing students with useful information about the health' (48.6%), 'Teaching students how to manage their health and how to manage symptoms' (42.9%). Average satisfaction about sustainability and needs of the program was $9.15{\pm}0.91$, and the participant teachers wanted to learn more about how to manage internet addiction (22.9%), stress (45.7%), atopy (28.6%), neck pain (42.9%), allergic rhinitis (37.1%), and low back pain (34.3%) from the future wellness programs. Conclusions Student health care is one of the most important issue in national health policies. We have designed a bridge model that a local community, school, and doctors can work together to develop. After the implementation of the program, the results of the satisfaction survey showed a very high satisfaction level. This study can be the basis for further improvement of the bridge program as well as the expansion of the program in other settings.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.52-72
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• 1984

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which can be applied to the use of epoxy resin mortars. The data was based on the properties of epoxy resin mortars depending upon various mixing ratios to compare those of cement mortar. The resin which was used at this experiment was Epi-Bis type epoxy resin which is extensively being used as concrete structures. In the case of epoxy resin mortar, mixing ratios of resin to fine aggregate were 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 6, 1: 8, 1:10, 1 :12 and 1:14, but the ratio of cement to fine aggregate in cement mortar was 1 : 2.5. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1.When the mixing ratio was 1: 6, the highest density was 2.01 g/cm$^3$, being lower than 2.13 g/cm$^3$ of that of cement mortar. 2.According to the water absorption and water permeability test, the watertightness was shown very high at the mixing ratios of 1: 2, 1: 4 and 1: 6. But then the mixing ratio was less than 1 : 6, the watertightness considerably decreased. By this result, it was regarded that optimum mixing ratio of epoxy resin mortar for watertight structures should be richer mixing ratio than 1: 6. 3.The hardening shrinkage was large as the mixing ratio became leaner, but the values were remarkably small as compared with cement mortar. And the influence of dryness and moisture was exerted little at richer mixing ratio than 1: 6, but its effect was obvious at the lean mixing ratio, 1: 8, 1:10,1:12 and 1:14. It was confirmed that the optimum mixing ratio for concrete structures which would be influenced by the repeated dryness and moisture should be rich mixing ratio higher than 1: 6. 4.The compressive, bending and splitting tensile strenghs were observed very high, even the value at the mixing ratio of 1:14 was higher than that of cement mortar. It showed that epoxy resin mortar especially was to have high strength in bending and splitting tensile strength. Also, the initial strength within 24 hours gave rise to high value. Thus it was clear that epoxy resin was rapid hardening material. The multiple regression equations of strength were computed depending on a function of mixing ratios and curing times. 5.The elastic moduli derived from the compressive stress-strain curve were slightly smaller than the value of cement mortar, and the toughness of epoxy resin mortar was larger than that of cement mortar. 6.The impact resistance was strong compared with cement mortar at all mixing ratios. Especially, bending impact strength by the square pillar specimens was higher than the impact resistance of flat specimens or cylinderic specimens. 7.The Brinell hardness was relatively larger than that of cement mortar, but it gradually decreased with the decline of mixing ratio, and Brinell hardness at mixing ratio of 1 :14 was much the same as cement mortar. 8.The abrasion rate of epoxy resin mortar at all mixing ratio, when Losangeles abation testing machine revolved 500 times, was very low. Even mixing ratio of 1 :14 was no more than 31.41%, which was less than critical abrasion rate 40% of coarse aggregate for cement concrete. Consequently, the abrasion rate of epoxy resin mortar was superior to cement mortar, and the relation between abrasion rate and Brinell hardness was highly significant as exponential curve. 9.The highest bond strength of epoxy resin mortar was 12.9 kg/cm$^2$ at the mixing ratio of 1:2. The failure of bonded flat steel specimens occurred on the part of epoxy resin mortar at the mixing ratio of 1: 2 and 1: 4, and that of bonded cement concrete specimens was fond on the part of combained concrete at the mixing ratio of 1 : 2 ,1: 4 and 1: 6. It was confirmed that the optimum mixing ratio for bonding of steel plate, and of cement concrete should be rich mixing ratio above 1 : 4 and 1 : 6 respectively. 10.The variations of color tone by heating began to take place at about 60˚C, and the ultimate change occurred at 120˚C. The compressive, bending and splitting tensile strengths increased with rising temperature up to 80˚ C, but these rapidly decreased when temperature was above 800 C. Accordingly, it was evident that the resistance temperature of epoxy resin mortar was about 80˚C which was generally considered lower than that of the other concrete materials. But it is likely that there is no problem in epoxy resin mortar when used for unnecessary materials of high temperature resistance. The multiple regression equations of strength were computed depending on a function of mixing ratios and heating temperatures. 11.The susceptibility to chemical attack of cement mortar was easily affected by inorganic and organic acid. and that of epoxy resin mortar with mixing ratio of 1: 4 was of great resistance. On the other hand, when mixing ratio was lower than 1 : 8 epoxy resin mortar had very poor resistance, especially being poor resistant to organicacid. Therefore, for the structures requiring chemical resistance optimum mixing of epoxy resin mortar should be rich mixing ratio higher than 1: 4.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the short term clinical result of ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon using Cross pin and Graft Tensioner and to seek way to resolve the experienced technical problems. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to March 2009, 35 patients who had been treated arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were enrolled. The femoral side of ACL graft was fixed with Cross pin. The tibial side of graft was fixed with Intrafix and post-tie. The graft was tensioned with Graft Tensioner at 80N. We analyzed the clinical, radiographic results and complications. Results: IKDC subjective score and Lysholm score improved to 89.1 and 91.4 points. Also, Pivot shift test and One-leg hop test showed good results postoperatively. Side to side difference using KT-1000 arthrometer and Telos stress radiography improved compared with normal limb to $2.8{\pm}1.6$ mm and $2.6{\pm}1.3$ mm, respectively. The femoral tunnel enlarged to $2.3{\pm}1.1$ mm. Soft tissue irritation and femoral tunnel-graft harness length mismatch, femoral tunnel-cross pin tunnel mismatch were happened as peri-operative complications. Conclusion: Using of Cross pin and Graft Tensioner for ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon is one of the good method for obtaining stability in short-term clinical result. But to reduce femoral tunnel-cross pin mismatch, it needs to shorten femoral bone tunnel and to create cross pin tunnel as vertical as possible. And to reduce femoral tunnel-graft harness mismatch, it needs to advance position rod further 3 mm when to create femoral tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.643-651
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• 2001

Paddlewheel-driven circulation in a culture pond has been simulated based on the depth integrated 2 dimensional hydrodynamic model. Acceleration by paddlewheel is expressed as shaft force divided by water mass discharged by paddlewheel blades. The model has been calibrated and applied to culture ponds as following steps:- i) The model predicted velocities at every 10 m along longitudinal direction from the paddlewheel. The model was calibrated comparing the results with the measured values at mass correction factor $\alpha$ and dimensionless eddy viscosity constant $\gamma$, respectively, in a range $15\~20$ and 6. ii) Wind shear stress was simulated under conditions of direction $0^{\circ}C,\;90^{\circ}C\;and\;180^{\circ}C$ and speed 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 m/s. Change rate of current speed was <$1\%$ at wind in parallel or opposite direction to the paddlewheel-driven jet flow, while $4\%$ at orthogonal angle. iii) The model was then applied to 2 culture ponds located at the Western coast of Korea. The measured and predicted currents for the ponds were compared using the regression analysis. Analysis of flow direction and speed showed correlation coefficients 0.8928 and 0.6782 in pond A, 0.8539 and 0.7071 in pond B, respectively. Hence, the model is concluded to accurately predict circulation driven by paddlewheel such that it can be a useful tool to provide pond management strategy relating to paddlewheel operation and water quality.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2001

Flowable composite resin has lower filler content, increased flow, and lower modules of elasticity. It is suggested that flowable composite resin can be bonded to the tooth structure intimately and absorb or dissipate the stress. Therefore, it may be advantageous to use flowable composite resin for the base material of class II restoration and for the class V restoraton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and shear bond strength of four flowable composite resins (Aeliteflo, Flow-It, Revolution, Ultraseal XT Plus) compared to Z100 using Scotchbond Multi Purpose dentin bonding system. To evaluate the microleakage, notch-shaped class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted human premolars and molars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-thermocycling group (group 1) and thermocycling group (group 2) of 40 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided onto five subgroups of eight samples (sixteen surfaces). The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and composite resin were applied for each group following the manufacturer's instructions. the teeth of group 2 were thermocycled five hundred times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. The teeth of group 2 were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin, and sectioned longitudinally with a diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen were observed with a stereomicioscope at $\times$20 magnification. To evaluate the shear bond strength, 60 teeth were divided into five groups of twelve teeth each. The experimental teeth were ground horizontally below the dentinoenamel junction, so that no enamel remained. After applying Scotchbond Multi-Purpose on the dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder. The cylinder was 4mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. Shear bond strength was measured using Instron with a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. After shear bond strength measurement, mode of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope at $\times$30 magnification. All data were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls method. The correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength was analyzed by linear regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. In non-thermocycling group, the leakage value of Z100 was significantly lower than those of flowable composite resins at the enamel and dentin margin, margin, except that Revolution showed the lower leakage value than that of Z100 at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 2. In thermocycling group, the leakage values of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus were lower than those of other subgroup at the enamel and dentin margin, except that Flow-It showed the lower leakage value than that of Ultraseal XT Plus at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 3. The leakage value of Z100 and Ultraseal XT Plus in thermocycling group were not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the enamel margin. The leakage value of Z100 in thermocycling group was not higher than that in non-thermocycling group at the dentin margin (p<0.05). 4. As for the shear bond strength measurement, there were no statistically significant differences among groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strengths given in descending order were as follows: Z100(16.81$\pm$2.98 MPa), Flow-It(14.8$\pm$4.43 MPa), Aeliteflo(14.34$\pm$3.69 MPa), Revolution(13.46$\pm$4.23 MPa), Ultraseal XT Plus(12.83$\pm$3.16 MPa). 5. Failure modes of all specimens were adhesive failures. 6. There was no correlation between microleakage and shear bond strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.366-373
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the self-reported health and eating habit of the elite female adolescent athletes in Incheon. The subjects were 102 elite female athletes of middle and high schools located in Inchon. A self-administered Questionnaire was used for this cross-sectional survey. Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA was performed to discriminate between the main effects of age (as middle and high school athletes) and sports type, and their interaction. As use of nutritional supplements, 35.8% of the total subjects took vitamin and iron supplements and 62.5% of field and track athletes took vitamin and iron supplements. While mental stress related to exercise was much in fencing ＆gt; shooting ＆gt; field and track ＆gt; swimming athletes, physical burden during training was higher in swimming ＆gt; field and track ＆gt; fencing ＆gt; shooting athletes. More than half of the subjects showed irregular menstrual cycle. As the most severe problem of eating habit, they reported skipping meal ＆gt; overeating ＆gt; prejudiced meal ＆gt; preference to salty and spicy foods. More than half of the subjects skipped meal over three times per week. Fencing and shooting athletes showed very significantly higher frequency of skipping meal and more irregular breakfast time compared to those of other sport types. As for snack, they ate cookies, carbonated drink, chocolate, candy ＆gt; milk, yogurt, ice cream ＆gt; cake, bread, rice cake ＆gt; fried noodle ＆gt; hamburger, pizza. Therefore, nutritional counseling and education by sport type are necessary for health and good eating habit of these elite female adolescent athletes.