• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.975-981
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of moxibustion at matched acupoints of ST36, ST37 and ST39 in rats with sex and age. This study measured small intestinal motility in rats. First, cauterize with moxa was applied to the ST36, ST37 and ST39 in rats classified by sex and age under enflurane anesthesia. And then same treatment is done to matched acupoints of ST36, ST37 and ST39. In each groups of ST36, ST37 and ST39, the small intestinal motility was increased in 5, 6, 8 weeks male and 5 weeks female rats at ST36, 6, 7 weeks male and 5, 6, 8 weeks female rats at ST37, 5, 6 weeks male and 5 weeks female rats at ST39. In matched acupoints, the small intestinal motility was increased in 5, 8 weeks male and 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks female rat at ST36+ST37, 5 weeks male and 6, 7, 8 weeks female rats at ST36+ST39, 5, 7 weeks male and 5, 8 weeks female rats at ST37+ST39. The effects of moxibustion at each acupoints decreased by advancing age and when these acupoints were combined, the effective results were shown in female rats of all age group. These results suggest that when each acupoints and matched acupoints was chosen in moxibustion treatment, the sex and age of individual is worth consideration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2006

Acupuncture has acupoints to treat, prevent, and reduce disease and to recover health by meridian guidance and reflexion. In the oriental medicine, meridian and acupoints are the foundations of treatment. Therefore, in the clinical treatment, we have to decide the therapeutic methods, meridian, acupoints, acupoint place, and acupoint match according to the disease. This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of ST36, ST37, and ST39 using electroacupuncture in rats. The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) at ST36, ST37, and ST39 on small intestine transportation in rats. EA(2 Hz, 5mA, pulse duration 1 ms) was applied for 30 minutes at acupoints of ST36, ST37, and ST39. The results are as follows. Compared to other acupoint place matches, ST36(left)+ ST37(right), ST36(left)+ST39(right), and ST37(left)+ST39 (right) were more effective than ST36(right)+ST37(left), ST36 (right)+ST39(left), and ST37(right)+ST39(left) for small intestine transporation(+ means acupoint place match). In terms of acupoint placement, ST36(left), ST37(right), and ST39(right) were more effective than the other sides for small intestine transporation. The data suggests that we have to consider acupoint place and acupoint match for acupucture therapy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe effects of manual acupuncture(MA), electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion (MO) on the rat with loperamide-induced constipation. Methods : This study measured small intestinal motility and number of fecal pellets in rats with loperamide induced constipation. MA and EA(intensity, 5 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes and MO was treated on 5 times moxa cautery to the groups divided with age and sex. Results : The small intestinal motility was decreased by ST36 EA and ST37 EA in 5 weeks male group and ST37 EA in 7 weeks male and female groups, and ST36 MO in 7 weeks female group, but it was increased by ST39 EA in 7 weeks male group and ST37 MO and ST39 MO in 7 weeks male group. The number of fecal pellets was decreased by MA, EA, MO of ST36 in all group except 5, 7 weeks male groups only, and MA, EA of ST37 in 5, 7 weeks male group and ST37 MO in 7 weeks female group, and ST39 EA in 5 weeks male group and 7 weeks female group and ST39 MO in 7 weeks female group, but increased by ST37 EA in 5 weeks female group and ST39 EA in 7 weeks male group. Conclusions : Although these differences do not have a established tendency, it suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion are experimentally dependent upon the sex and age on intestinal motility in rats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.515-530
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• 2022

Sequence type (ST) 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II (ST5-MRSA-II) and ST72-MRSA-IV represent the most significant genotypes for healthcare- (HA) and community-associated (CA) MRSA in Korea, respectively. In addition to the human-type MRSA strains, the prevalence of livestock-associated (LA) MRSA clonal lineages, such as ST541 and ST398 LA-MRSA-V in pigs and ST692 LA-MRSA-V and ST188 LA-MRSA-IV in chickens, has recently been found. In this study, clonotype-specific resistance profiles to cathelicidins derived from humans (LL-37), pigs (PMAP-36), and chickens (CATH-2) were examined using six different ST groups of MRSA strains: ST5 HA-MRSA-II, ST72 CA-MRSA-IV, ST398 LA-MRSA-V, ST541 LA-MRSA-V, ST188 LA-MRSA-IV, and ST692 LA-MRSA-V. Phenotypic characteristics often involved in cathelicidin resistance, such as net surface positive charge, carotenoid production, and hydrogen peroxide susceptibility were also determined in the MRSA strains. Human- and animal-type MRSA strains exhibited clonotype-specific resistance profiles to LL-37, PMAP-36, or CATH-2, indicating the potential role of cathelicidin resistance in the adaptation and colonization of human and animal hosts. The ST5 HA-MRSA isolates showed enhanced resistance to all three cathelicidins and hydrogen peroxide than ST72 CA-MRSA isolates by implementing increased surface positive charge and carotenoid production. In contrast, LA-MRSA strains employed mechanisms independent of surface charge regulation and carotenoid production for cathelicidin resistance. These results suggest that human- and livestock-derived MRSA strains use different strategies to counteract the bactericidal action of cathelicidins during the colonization of their respective host species.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

• 전력전자학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2020

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.311-318
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• 1998

목적: 현재 소화기 증상이 없고 정상적인 배변 양상과 습관을 갖고 있으며 과거력상 만성적인 소화기 계통의 질환이 없었던 정상 성인에게 대장운동과 관계있다고 알려진 천추와 상거허에 침자극하고 대장 통과시간의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법: 정상 성인 11명의 침자극전 대장 통과시간을 방사선 비투과성 표지자인 Sitzmarks capsule을 사용하여 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장, 전대장 통과시간 등으로 나누어 측정한후 대장의 하합혈인 상거허와 복모혈인 천추에 단순유침 15분 및 전침으로 침자극하고 같은 방법으로 대장 통과시간을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 침자극전의 대장 통과시간 측정은 전대장 통과시간이 $10.60{\pm}12.11$시간 이었으며 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장의 통과시간이 각각 $3.92{\pm}7.72,\;3.27{\pm}6.37,\;3.41{\pm}5.57$시간 이었다. 단순 15분 유침후 대장 통과시간의 측정은 전대장 통과시간이 $10.48{\pm}12.35$시간, 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장의 대장통과 시간이 각각 $3.72{\pm}7.52,\;3.37{\pm}6.76,\;3.39{\pm}5.84$ 시간으로 유의하지 않았다(P>0.05) 전침 자극후 대장 통과시간의 측정은 전대장 통과시간이 $10.30{\pm}13.21$, 우측 및 좌측 대장과 직결장의 통과 시간이 각각 $3.92{\pm}8.02,\;3.07{\pm}5.41,\;3.31{\pm}5.49$ 시간으로 좌측 대장 통과시간이 유의한(P<0.05) 단축 소견을 보였고 우측, 직결장의 통과시간은 유의하지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론: 본 연구의 결과로서 좌측 대장의 통과시간이 천추와 상거허에 전침 자극시 유의하게 단축되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이것은 전침이 신경계나 체액성 작용에 의해서 신경의 흥분성을 증가시켜 좌측 대장에서 직결장쪽으로 대장 내용물의 이동을 촉진하는 것으로 생각 할 수 있다. 그러나 단순 유침에서는 침자극전 대장 통과시간과 차이를 보이지 않음으로서 모든 침자극이 정상인의 대장운동이 변화를 일으키지는 않는 것으로 생각되었으며 더욱이 전침자극후 좌측 대장외에 우측 대장, 직결장은 단순 유침과 전침자극에 모두 변화가 없었고 전대장 통과 시간의 변화도 유의성이 없어 천추와 상거허의 침자극은 정상인의 대장운동에 영향을 주지는 않을 것으로 사려되었다.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 초록
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• pp.37-37
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• 1995

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2021

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common disorder; however, sequential, bilateral presentation of the disease is rarer than unilateral presentation. Clinical otologists usually focus on treating the side with impaired hearing when patients first present with unilateral SSNHL, and therefore, may not warn patients of the possibility of subsequent hearing impairment in the contralateral ear. Furthermore, it is professionally discouraging when a patient presents with profound, sequential SSNHL after initial treatment. This may adversely impact the doctor-patient relationship, even if the patient is offered the best possible care from their first visit. Herein, we report the case of a patient with profound, idiopathic, bilateral SSNHL with a time interval of 37 days between involvement of both ears. Even though high-dose steroids were administered intraorally and intratympanically, the patient's hearing was not restored, and the patient eventually required bilateral cochlear implant surgery. Our report demonstrates that sequential, profound, bilateral SSNHL may manifest without any specific signs.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2021

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common disorder; however, sequential, bilateral presentation of the disease is rarer than unilateral presentation. Clinical otologists usually focus on treating the side with impaired hearing when patients first present with unilateral SSNHL, and therefore, may not warn patients of the possibility of subsequent hearing impairment in the contralateral ear. Furthermore, it is professionally discouraging when a patient presents with profound, sequential SSNHL after initial treatment. This may adversely impact the doctor-patient relationship, even if the patient is offered the best possible care from their first visit. Herein, we report the case of a patient with profound, idiopathic, bilateral SSNHL with a time interval of 37 days between involvement of both ears. Even though high-dose steroids were administered intraorally and intratympanically, the patient's hearing was not restored, and the patient eventually required bilateral cochlear implant surgery. Our report demonstrates that sequential, profound, bilateral SSNHL may manifest without any specific signs.