• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the multimodality treatment with neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for resectable clinical T1-3N0-1M0 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: A total of eleven patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy between March 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed. Patients received 25 Gy in 5 fractions to entire ipsilateral hemithorax with helical tomotherapy. Results: All of patients were men with a median age of 56 years. Epithelioid subtype was found in 10 patients. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pemetrexed-cisplatin regimen. Ten patients (90.9%) completed 25 Gy/5 fractions and one (9.0%) completed 20 Gy/4 fractions of radiotherapy. IMRT was well tolerated with only one acute grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. Surgery was performed 1 week (median, 8 days; range, 1 to 15 days) after completing IMRT. Extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed in 4 patients (36.3%), extended pleurectomy/decortication in 2 (18.2%) and pleurectomy/decortications in 5 (63.6%). There was no grade 3+ surgical complication except two deaths after EPP in 1 month. Based on operative findings and pathologic staging, adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered in 7 patients (63.6%), and 2 (18.2%) were decided to add adjuvant radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 14.6 months (range, 2.8 to 30 months), there were 3 local recurrence (33.3%) and 1 distant metastasis (11.1%). Conclusion: Neoadjuvant entire pleural IMRT can be delivered with a favorable radiation complication. An optimal strategy has to be made in resectable MPM patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant radiation and surgery. Further studies are needed to look at long-term outcomes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) is one of the most common serovars isolated from humans and animals. It has been suggested that ST infections in Koreans are largely due to the consumption of contaminated pork and beef. To investigate the genotypes, phage types, and antimicrobial resistance patterns for ST isolates of different origins, a total of 70 ST strains, including 19 isolates from humans, 44 isolates from pigs, and 6 isolates from cattle, were analyzed using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Forty-three distinct PFGE patterns were generated from 70 ST isolates, which were grouped into 14 PFGE groups (from A to N) at the level of 75% similarity. The most prevalent group was the A (A1-A17 subtypes) group, encompassing 54.5% (38/70) of ST isolates. ST isolates from pigs and cattle mostly belong to groups A and L, whereas ST isolates from humans mostly belong to groups F and C. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests using 11 antimicrobial agents showed that resistance to tetracycline (TE) (81.4%) was highly prevalent, followed by streptomycin (S) (64.3%) and nalidixic acid (NA) (31.4%) resistance. A total of seventeen antimicrobial resistance patterns were observed. Only 8.6% of isolates, including a reference strain, were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. The most prevalent resistance pattern was TE-S (37.1%), which was seen in 66.6% of bovine, 40.8% of swine and 21.1% of human isolates. Three ST isolates from humans (15.9%) showed resistance to 7-8 antimicrobials. The most predominant phage type (PT) was U302 (64.3%), followed by DT170 (10.0%). PFGE types did not coincide with antimicrobial resistance patterns and phage types; therefore, the combination of those types allowed for further differentiation between tested ST isolates.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1995

This study was conducted to compare the severity of cannulation pain in hemodialysis patients after topical application of EMLA cream and local injection of lidocaine and evaluated side effects and problems accompanied by the former. Twenty patients, who were on hemodialysis from September 1 to October 15, 1994 at the Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, were divided into two groups of ten. To conduct a cross over study, two groups were placed on four repeated methods with lidocaine followed by four repeated methods with EMLA cream and vice versa, respectively, while the severity of cannulation pain was being measured according to a Visual Analogue Scale with each methods. The results are follows : 1) The scale of pain was recorded as $4.56{\pm}1.38$ and $2.05{\pm}1.36$ points for methods with lidocaine and EMLA cream, respectively, indicating the less severe pain with EMLA cream. 2) Local side effects such as itching(4 cases, 5.0%)and pallor (5 cases, 6.3%)were observed with methods with EMLA cream but disappeared before the completion of hemodialysis. 3) Problems associated with local lidocaine were pain at the injection of anesthetic (27cases, 16.9%)and fear for needle insertion(6 cases, 3.8%). The most frequent problems with EMLA cream application were an inconvenience in use (11 cases, 6.9%)and tedious long pretreatment time(11 cases, 6.9%), those associated with inconvenience in cream applying procedures. 4) Twelve out of twenty patients(60.0%) responded with yes to a continued use of EMLA cream in spite of problems with cream application and economical difficulties in purchasing. These results indicate that 5% EMLA cream used as a local anesthetic in hemodialysis significantly reduces cannulation pain and lacks side effects, thus serving as a suitable method for the alleviation of cannulation pain and inconvenience in hemodialysis and the relief of psychological stress of nurses.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.512-518
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• 2002

Purpose : Cerebral palsies are the most common and severe motor disabilities in childhood. There is currently increased interest in their occurrence and patterns of likely cause for a variety of reasons. Therefore, a retrospective study was carried out to understand the clinical features of cerebral palsy. Methods : A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children with cerebral palsy who were diagnosed at St. Benedict Hospital between March 1999 and March 2001. Results : Cerebral palsy patients were classified into 6 major groups. Of six groups, spastic diplegia is the most common type of cerebral palsy(55.3%). The risk factors of cerebral palsy were placenta previa(1 case), placenta abruption(1 case), cytomegalovirus infection(1 case), prematurity (53 cases), neonatal asphyxia(12 cases), dystocia(2 cases), breech delivery(1 case), multiple birth(5 cases), head trauma(3 cases), meningitis(2 cases) and unknown(26 cases). Among the 59 in the preterm group, 37 patients showed MR or CT images of periventricular leukomalacia. Among the 44 in the term group, 15 patients showed MR or CT images of atrophy. Among 103 patients, 29 patients(28.2%) had a seizure disorder. Conclusion : It is very importent to understand the clinical features and risk factors of cerebral palsy for physicians to diagnose and manage cerebral palsy patient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.5 s.274
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• pp.356-361
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• 2007

Background: Recent progress in the surgical therapy for lung cancer is one of the best examples of the successful evolution of clinical medicine. We reviewed our experience to evaluate the surgical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: We reviewed clinical records of 432 consecutive patients with proven non-small cell lung cancer who underwent complete removal of the primary tumor together with hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes from 1995 to 2005. The clinical characteristics, surgical methods, and recurrence patterns were analyzed. Result: Lobectomy was the most common procedure (66.7%) performed and sleeve lobectomy was the least (5.6%). In 179 patients (42.6%) the recurrence was noted and the regional recurrence (67 cases, 16.0%) was less than systemic recurrence (112 cases, 26.7%). The main sites of regional recurrence were hilum (25 cases, 37.3%) and ipsilateral mediastinum (54/432 cases, 25.4%). The hospital mortality rate was 2.8% (12/432 cases) and resection-morbidity rate was 12.5% (54/432 cases). Conclusion: The low recurrence rate, especially regional recurrence rate indicated that our surgical procedures with preoperative measures were considered useful and effective.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of the induced molting with low-protein and energy diet on the postmolt performance of layers. Eighty White Leghorn layers (61-old-wk) with over 80% egg production were used for 12 weeks in this work. Treatments were non-molt control (CO), fasting treatment for 10 days (FW), molt treatment with low-protein and low-energy molting diet for 3 weeks (LO), and molt treatment with standard molting diet for 3 weeks (ST) as 4 treatments (2 replications/treatment and 10 birds/replication). Body weight (BW) loss was 26.5% of initial BW at 2 week in FW treatment, and was 17.3% and 14.2% in both LO and ST treatments (P<0.05). Layers in molting treatments were fed with commercial layer diet after completion of molting since BW of layers was recovered for 7 weeks. Heart weight ratio was shown as 0.47, 0.43, 0.46 and 0.46% at CO, FW, LO and ST treatments, respectively, and liver weight ration of body weight was shown as 2.56, 1.30, 1.47 and 1.52%, respectively. Thus, those of molting treatments decreased compared to non-molt control (P<0.05). Oviduct weight ratio were shown as 3.95, 1.17, 1.54 and 1.67%, respectively, and similar with the results of liver (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased at LO and ST treatments during molting period and increased from the 5th week compared to control. Egg production decreased at 1 week in molt treatment and stopped at 2 week in FW, 3 week in LO, and 4 week in ST treatments. The birds started to lay egg at 4 week in FW and at 5 week in LO and ST treatments. Egg production was recovered until 50% at 6 week in FW and was recovered as 66.1 and 71.6% at 8 week in LO and ST treatment, respectively. Egg weights were similar among all treatments. Eggshell thicknesses were 0.41, 0.47, 0.46 and 0.46 mm at CO, FW, LO and ST treatment, respectively, but the higher in molt treatments than control (P<0.05). Eggshell breaking strength was 3.83 and 3.81 kg/$cm^2$ in FW and LO treatment, respectively, and high compared to control. However, eggshell breaking strengths were 3.54 and 3.78 kg/$cm^2$ and were not statistically different. Haugh units were 75.6, 81.1, 80.6 and 79.9 in 4 treatments and high in molt treatment. Finally, dietary low-protein and low-energy may induce molt as few effect on performance of layers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.314-322
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of life reported by patients with multiple myeloma and secondly to identify the factors that impact the quality of life (QoL). Methods: 189 patients with multiple myeloma completed survey questionnaires. Quality of life was evaluated using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core (EORTC QLQ-C) 30 and Multiple Myeloma (MY) 20. The data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Duncan test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The mean score for each subscale of EORTC QLQ-C30 was 53.35 for global health status, 73.37 for functional scale, and 31.29 for symptom scale. The mean score for each subscale of EORTC QLQ-MY20 was 60.49 for future perspective, 59.78 for body image, 20.25 for disease symptom and 24.99 for side effect of treatment. Quality of life was reported to be significantly lower among females, unemployed, dependence on a sibling for financial support for treatment, a diagnosis of anemia, having treatment, high score on Eastern Coorperative Oncology Group and high grade peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: The results of the survey can identify characteristics impacting the QoL of patients with multiple myeloma. Developing appropriate educational strategies and nursing interventions would enhance their QoL.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

배 경 편평상피암은 두경부의 악성종양 중 가장 흔하며, 임상적인 경과가 불량하다. 따라서 나쁜 예후를 가지는 환자군을 조기에 선별하여 더 적극적인 치료의 시행을 결정짓는 표지자의 필요성이 대두된다. 우리는 일련의 두경부 편평세포암 검체에서 몇몇 분자 표지자의 예후적 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 23예의 두경부 편평세포암 검체를 대상으로 VEGF, p53, Apaf-1, caspase-9의 발현과 몇몇 임상병리학적 지표들간의 연관성을 면역조직화학염색을 통해 조사하였다. 결 과 환자군은 남성이 더 많았으며 평균연령은 63.7세였다. 1기가 5예, 2기가 2예, 3기가 8예, 4기가 8예였다. 평균생존기간은 37.3개월이었다. VEGF단백 발현은 종양의 크기와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 이와 더불어 VEGF단백 발현은 병기, 그리고 림프관 침습과 연관적인 경향성을 보였다. 그러나 VEGF단백 발현과 생존기간과는 관련성이 없었다. 또한, Apaf-1과 caspase-9의 단백발현은 다른 임상지표, 환자의 생존기간과는 관련이 없었다. 결 론 VEGF단백 발현은 두경부 편평세포암 환자에서 나쁜 임상경과를 예측할 수 있게 하는 표지자로서의 역할을 할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구는 두경부 편평세포암에서 별로 연구되지 않은 Apaf-1과 caspase-9의 발현상태를 밝힌 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2007

Objectives : To inform the 5th WHO Informal Consultation meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations, held in Osaka, Japan, on September $27{\sim}29$, 2005. Results and Conclusions : Nine experts from Korea, China and Japan discussed the principles of acupuncture points locations and the point locations of 33 controversial acupoints that were not agreed at the previous meeting, as well as 328 non-controversial points that all 3 nations agreed on the locations to confirm the expression of every single point. Through this meeting, the locations of ST30, SP12, LR7 and expressions of LU6, LI8, LI9, LI10, LI 13, SP13, BL60, KI3, GB38, LR11, LR12 were agreed. Furthermore, locations of BL39, GB27, GB28 were confirmed out of 6 non-discussed points. However, several points were still required to held additional meeting to discuss. That includes LI19, LI20, ST36, ST37, ST38, ST39, SI6, KI9, PC8, PC9, TE9, TE17, TE23, GB7, GB30, GV26. In addition, foundation for the international society for the acupuncture point location was proposed to make a regular revision of standard acupuncture point location.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.559-563
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• 2016

Objective : Low back pain, caused intervertebral disc degeneration has been treated by thermal annuloplasty procedure, which is a non-surgical treatement. The theoretical backgrounds of the annuloplasty are thermal destruct of nociceptor and denaturization of collagen fiber to induce contraction, to shrink annulus and thus enhancing stability. This study is about temperature and its distribution during thermal annuloplasty using 1414 nm Nd : YAG laser. Methods : Thermal annuloplasty was performed on fresh human cadaveric lumbar spine with 20 intact intervertebral discs in a $37^{\circ}C$ circulating water bath using newly developed 1414 nm Nd : YAG laser. Five thermocouples were attached to different locations on the disc, and at the same time, temperature during annuloplasty was measured and analyzed. Results : Thermal probe's temperature was higher in locations closer to laser fiber tip and on lateral locations, rather than the in depth locations. In accordance with the laser fiber tip and the depth, temperatures above $45.0^{\circ}C$ was measured in 3.0 mm depth which trigger nociceptive ablation in 16 levels (80%), in accordance with the laser fiber end tip and laterality, every measurement had above $45.0^{\circ}C$, and also was measured temperature over $60.0^{\circ}C$, which can trigger collagen denaturation at 16 levels (80%). Conclusion : When thermal annuloplasty is needed in a selective lesion, annuloplasty using a 1414 nm Nd : YAG laser can be one of the treatment options.