• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2019

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is used as a bridge to revascularization in high-risk patients with ischemic heart disease. We reviewed our experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after ECLS in patients with cardiac arrest or refractory cardiogenic shock. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4,616 patients who underwent CABG at our institution between May 2006 and February 2017. We identified patients who underwent CABG following ECLS for cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Twenty-three patients (0.5% of all CABG cases) were enrolled in the analysis. Their median age was 65 years (Q1-Q3, 58-77 years). Nine patients (39.1%) were diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Mechanical complications after acute myocardial infarction, including acute mitral regurgitation, left ventricular rupture, and ventricular septal defect, occurred in 9 patients (39.1%). Results: The median time from cardiopulmonary resuscitation to ECLS initiation was 25 minutes (Q1-Q3, 18.5-28.5 minutes). Conventional CABG was performed in 10 patients (43.5%) who underwent concomitant intracardiac procedures. Postoperative ECLS was required in 16 patients (69.5%). The rate of successful ECLS weaning was 91.3% (n=21). There were 6 early mortalities (26.1%). Conclusion: CABG after ECLS was very rare in real-world circumstances. Although the early mortality rate was high, the risk of mortality may be acceptable under such devastating circumstances.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

Background: Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short seed dispersal distance by ants as their seed distributor. It is known that many flowers of A. sieboldii depend on self-fertilization. Because these characteristics can affect negatively in genetic structure, investigating habitat structure and assessment of genetic structure is needed. A total of 27 individuals in a valley were sampled for measuring genetic diversity, genetic distance, and genetic differentiation by RAPDPCR. Results: The habitat areas of A. sieboldii metapopulation were relatively small (3.78~33.60 m²) and population density was very low (five to seven individuals in 20×20 m quadrat). The habitat of A. sieboldii was a very shady (relative light intensity = 0.9%) and mature forest with a high evenness value (J = 0.81~0.99) and a low dominance value (D = 0.19~0.28). The total genetic diversity of A. sieboldii was quite high (h = 0.338, I = 0.506). A total of 33 band loci were observed in five selected primers, and 31 band loci (94%) were polymorphic. However, genetic differentiation along the valley was highly progressed (G_st = 0.548, N_m = 0.412). The average genetic distance between subpopulations was 0.387. The results of AMOVA showed 52.77% of variance occurs among populations, which is evidence of population structuring. Conclusions: It is expected that a small-scale founder effect had occurred, an individual spread far from the original subpopulation formed a new subpopulation. However, geographical distance between individuals would have been far and genetic flow occurred only within each subpopulation because of the low density of population. This made significant genetic distance between the original and new population by distance. Although genetic diversity of A. sieboldii metapopulation is not as low as concerned, the subpopulation of A. sieboldii can disappear by stochastic events due to small subpopulation size and low density of population. To prevent genetic isolation and to enhance the stable population size, conservative efforts such as increasing the size of each subpopulation or the connection between subpopulations are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to determine the parameters for worsening oxygenation in non-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included cases of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia in a public hospital in South Korea. The worsening oxygenation group was defined as that with SpO₂ ≤94% or received oxygen or mechanical ventilation (MV) throughout the clinical course versus the non-worsening oxygenation group that did not experience any respiratory event. Parameters were compared, and the extent of viral pneumonia from an initial chest computed tomography (CT) was calculated using artificial intelligence (AI) and measured visually by a radiologist. Results: We included 136 patients, with 32 (23.5%) patients in the worsening oxygenation group; of whom, two needed MV and one died. Initial vital signs and duration of symptoms showed no difference between the two groups; however, univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a variety of parameters on admission were associated with an increased risk of a desaturation event. A subset of patients was studied to eliminate potential bias, that ferritin ≥280 ㎍/L (p=0.029), lactate dehydrogenase ≥240 U/L (p=0.029), pneumonia volume (p=0.021), and extent (p=0.030) by AI, and visual severity scores (p=0.042) were the predictive parameters for worsening oxygenation in a sex-, age-, and comorbid illness-matched case-control study using propensity score (n=52). Conclusion: Our study suggests that initial CT evaluated by AI or visual severity scoring as well as serum markers of inflammation on admission are significantly associated with worsening oxygenation in this COVID-19 pneumonia cohort.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.541-551
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences toward nursing with LGBT patients. A phenomenology was used for the study. Data were collected from August 1st to October 30th, 2020 using open-ended questions by in-depth interviews of the participants in one-on-one setting. Participants were nurses who have experience of caring LGBT patients(n=6). Interview data were analyzed using Colaizzii's method of phenomenology. Nurses' experiences toward nursing with LGBT patients in this study had varied, often understanding and sometimes conflicting. As results of the interviews, the 4 categories and 9 theme clusters were identified. The 4 categories included 'Ambivalence', 'Careful and difficult nursing practice', 'Lack of training for diverse and professional care', 'Becoming a nursing professional'. Nurses in this study had expressed diversely nursing experiences about LGBT patients. Most participants showed complex understanding. This study highlights the lack of adequate didactic and clinical preparation makes nurses feel difficult to care for LGBT patients. Therefore, it should be developed effective training and education programs on LGBT health that nurses received from their educational programs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.707-716
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• 2022

The core intention to undertake this experiment for a period of 21 days is to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) supplemented diet on the performance and blood metabolites of sows and their litters. Sows weighing 208.5 ± 18.34kg and their neonates were used. From day 114 of gestation to 21st day of lactation(weaning), ten multiparous sows (n = 5/treatment) (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned randomly into one of two treatments: CON (basal diet) and TRT (CON + 0.05% SA). There was no significant difference in the body weight, backfat thickness, backfat loss, and body condition score in SA treated sows compared to sows fed the CON diet. However, the bodyweight of sow was dramatically reduced by an average of 16kg from farrowing to weaning time. The dietary inclusion of SA in the sow diet slightly improved the survival rate (p = 0.065) and showed a higher body weight (p = 0.009) in piglets. However, there was no significant difference in red blood cell, Fe, Hematocrit, and Hb concentrations between CON and TRT sows' groups, but the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly reduced in sows from the TRT group compared with the CON group from the beginning to weaning. The outcome of this trial shows that dietary addition of SA on sows diet from early lactation could increase the birth weight and TIBC of neonates at the end of the trial.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.325-346
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• 2022

Social changes characterized by new normal also demand changes in libraries and libraries are making preemptive efforts. This study compared and analyzed the difference in librarian perceptions between the start of COVID-19 in 2020 and after experiencing the pandemic in 2022 in terms of the relative importance of library policies considered by pairwise comparative analysis. In the 1st survey, the importance of factors related to 'Library Management' and 'Library Services' was high and in the 2nd survey, the importance of factors related to 'Human Resources' and 'Information Resources' increased. This study insists that the public libraries invest in human resources and information resources and establish a user-customized policy in order to quickly adapt to the new paradigm and to provide sustainable library services.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2022

A sudden pressure drop caused by the pressure relief valve acts as a strong noise source and propagates the compressible pressure fluctuation along the pipe wall, which becomes a excitation source of Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV). Therefore, in this study, the numerical methodology is developed to evaluate the reduction effect of compressible pressure fluctuation due to curved pipe in the pressure relief valve system. To describe the acoustic wave caused by density fluctuation, unsteady compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique, which is high accuracy numerical method, Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid scale model is applied. Wavenumber-frequency analysis is performed to extract the compressible pressure fluctuation component, which is propagated along the pipe, from the flow field, and it is based on the wall pressure on the upstream and downstream pipe from the curved pipe. It is shown that the plane wave and the 1st mode component in radial direction are dominant along the downstream direction, and the overall acoustic power was reduced by 3 dB through the curved pipe. From these results, the noise reduction effect caused by curved pipe is confirmed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1706-1727
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• 2023

Under Water Sensor Networks (UWSN) has gained attraction among various communities for its potential applications like acoustic monitoring, 3D mapping, tsunami detection, oil spill monitoring, and target tracking. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, it performs an acoustic mode of communication to carry out collaborative tasks. Typically, surface sink nodes are deployed for aggregating acoustic phenomena collected from the underwater sensors through the multi-hop path. In this context, UWSN is constrained by factors such as lower bandwidth, high propagation delay, and limited battery power. Also, the vulnerabilities to compromise the aquatic environment are in growing numbers. The paper proposes an Energy-Efficient standalone Intrusion Detection System (EEIDS) to entail the acoustic environment against malicious attacks and improve the network lifetime. In EEIDS, attributes such as node ID, residual energy, and depth value are verified for forwarding the data packets in a secured path and stabilizing the nodes' energy levels. Initially, for each node, three agents are modeled to perform the assigned responsibilities. For instance, ID agent verifies the node's authentication of the node, EN agent checks for the residual energy of the node, and D agent substantiates the depth value of each node. Next, the classification of normal and malevolent nodes is performed by determining the score for each node. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes the sheep-flock heredity algorithm to validate the input attributes using the optimized probability values stored in the training dataset. This assists in finding out the best-fit motes in the UWSN. Significantly, the proposed system detects and isolates the malicious nodes with tampered credentials and nodes with lower residual energy in minimal time. The parameters such as the time taken for malicious node detection, network lifetime, energy consumption, and delivery ratio are investigated using simulation tools. Comparison results show that the proposed EEIDS outperforms the existing acoustic security systems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.655-666
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• 2023

Purpose: Gestational nutrition has an impact on the growth and development of the fetus. Choline (C) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important and essential nutrients for humans that play a role in the structural integrity of the membranes as well as signalling. C is used in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, and cell membranes are highly enriched with DHA. The dietary intake of C or DHA during pregnancy directly influences fetal development. Currently, there is no evidence to prove the effectiveness of the combined dietary supplementation of both C and DHA during gestation on developmental outcomes in the offspring. Methods: The current study was designed to assess the physical, sensory, and motor development of rat pups born to mothers supplemented with C and/or DHA during the entire gestational period. Pregnant rat dams were divided into the following five groups: Normal control (NC), Saline control (SC), Choline (C), DHA, and Choline+DHA (C+DHA). The NC dams did not receive any supplementation during the entire gestation period. The experimental groups were supplemented with Saline, C, and/or DHA, respectively, during the entire gestation (E0 to delivery). Results: Rat pups (n = 6/group) exposed to combined C and DHA showed significant improvement in birth weight, fur development, eye-opening as well as weight gain on the 7th, 14th, and 21st postnatal day and pinnae detachment (assessed from birth to postnatal day 21) when compared with age-matched NC, SC or C or DHA pups. Further, significant reflex responses were observed in visual placing and bar holding of pups exposed to both C and DHA, whereas the differences in surface righting, negative geotaxis, and grasping reflexes were not significant between the groups. Conclusion: Gestational supplementation of both C and DHA rather than either of them alone is better in enhancing developmental outcomes in rat pups.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.32.1-32.14
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• 2021

Over two hundred twenty-eight million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world have been reported until the 21^st of September 2021 after the first rise in December 2019. The virus caused the disease called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 4 million deaths blame COVID-19 during the last one year and 8 months in the world. Currently, four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are mainly focused by pandemic studies with limited experiments to translate the infectivity and pathogenicity of each variant. The SARS-CoV-2 α, β, γ, and δ variant of concern was originated from United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil/Japan, and India, respectively. The classification of SARS-CoV-2 variant is based on the mutation in spike (S) gene on the envelop of SARS-CoV-2. This review describes four SARS-CoV-2 α, β, γ, and δ variants of concern including SARS-CoV-2 ε, ζ, η, ι, κ, and B.1.617.3 variants of interest and alert. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 δ variant prevails over different countries that have 3 unique mutation sites: E156del/R158G in the N-terminal domain and T478K in a crucial receptor binding domain. A particular mutation in the functional domain of the S gene is probably associated with the infectivity and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.