• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.635-644
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• 1999

The effect of cooperative learning in a heuristic approach (four stage-problem solving strategy) that also emphasized molecular level representation was studied. Three high school classes (N=130) were randomly assigned to St group (using strategy individually), St-Co group (using strategy in cooperative group), and control group. After instruction, students' multiple-choice problem solving ability, strategy performing ability, and the perception of involvement were compared. Students' preferred instruction type was also examined. Although multiple-choice problem solving ability were not different significantly, a significant interaction between the treatment and the previous achievement level was found in strategy performing ability. Analysis of simple effects indicated that the medium-level students in the St group performed better than those in the St-Co group. In the perception questionnaire of involvement. however, the scores of the St group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The instruction type that students most preferred was also St-Co.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.167-176
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion at CV13, CV12, CV10 and ST36 serum gastin level in rats. Methods : The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion using four different acupoints on serum gastrin level in rats. Electro-acupuncture (2 Hz, intensity ; 10 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to ST36 under halothane anesthesia. Moxibustion ($1.6{\pm}0.3mg$, 5 times of a day) was applied during 3 days to CV13, CV12, CV10 under halothane anesthesia. Results : Both of EA applied to the ST 36 and Moxibustion applied to the CV10, CV12 decreased serum gastrin level significantly. And the effect of combined EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10 was shown stronger effect than each singular stimulus of EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10. These data suggest that both of EA and moxibustion at specific acupoints produce change of serum gastrin level in rats and combined EA and moxibustion was shown quite effect than each singular stimulus.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.452-458
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• 2012

Objective : In the present study, we evaluated the effect, safety and radiological outcomes of cervical hybrid surgery (cervical disc prosthesis replacement at one level, and interbody fusion at the other level) on the multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Methods : Fifty-one patients (mean age 46.7 years) with symptomatic multilevel cervical spondylosis were treated using hybrid surgery (HS). Clinical [neck disability index (NDI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score] and radiologic outcomes [range of motion (ROM) for cervical spine, adjacent segment and arthroplasty level] were evaluated at routine postoperative intervals of 1, 6, 12, 24 months. Review of other similar studies that examined the HS in multilevel cervical DDD was performed. Results : Out of 51 patients, 41 patients received 2 level hybrid surgery and 10 patients received 3 level hybrid surgery. The NDI and VAS score were significantly decreased during the follow up periods (p<0.05). The cervical ROM was recovered at 6 and 12 month postoperatively and the mean ROM of inferior adjacent segment was significantly larger than that of superior adjacent segments after surgery. The ROM of the arthoplasty level was preserved well during the follow up periods. No surgical and device related complications were observed. Conclusion : Hybrid surgery is a safe and effective alternative to fusion for the management of multilevel cervical spondylosis.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.25-30
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to identify the current state of usage and needs for Smart Technology (ST) in the elderly care facilities based on the point of view of staff members. Using survey via mails, data were analyzed with responses from top- or middle-level staff members working in 171 elderly care facilities located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheongnam-do. Results indicated that the most needed smart technology was home automation, followed by nurse call system and health monitoring. The technology with the highest feasibility was health monitoring, followed by nurse call system and video phone. Staff members in higher positions working in the elderly care facilities had the highest expectation in improving the image of their facilities by using ST, while they had low expectation for the fact that ST may increase the locus of control of the elderly. This study implies that ST implementations may vary depending on the level of responsibility of staff members and ST how people responsible for the elderly care facilities subjectively perceive the ST.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

To gain a better understanding on the function of the potato Solanum tuberosum Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 protein (StMBF1) its interaction with the TATA box binding protein (TBP) was demonstrated. In addition we reported that StMBF1 rescues the yeast mbf1 mutant phenotype, indicating its role as a plant co-activator. These data reinforce the hypothesis that MBF1 function is also conserved among non closely related plant species. In addition, measurement of StMBF1 protein level by Western blot using anti-StMBF1 antibodies indicated that the protein level increased upon $H_2O_2$ and heat shock treatments. However, the potato $\beta$-1,3-glucanase protein level was not changed under the same experimental conditions. These data indicate that StMBF1 participates in the cell stress response against oxidative stress allowing us to suggest that MBF1 genes from different plant groups may share similar functions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2010

Objective : This study assessed the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with cage alone compared with ACDF with plate instrumentation for radiologic and clinical outcomes in two-level cervical degenerative disease. Methods : Patients with cervical degenerative disc disease from September 2004 to December 2009 were assessed retrospectively. A total of 42 patients received all ACDF at two-level cervical lesion. Twenty-two patients who underwent ACDF with cage alone were compared with 20 patients who underwent ACDF with plate fixation in consideration of radiologic and clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Robinson's criteria and posterior neck pain, arm pain described by a 10 point-visual analog scale. Fusion rate, subsidence, kyphotic angle, instrument failure and the degenerative changes in adjacent segments were examined during each follow-up examination. Results : VAS was checked during each follow-up and Robinson's criteria were compared in both groups. Both groups showed no significant difference. Fusion rates were 90.9% (20/22) in ACDF with the cage alone group, 95% (19/20) in ACDF with the plate fixation group (p = 0.966). Subsidence rates of ACDF with cage alone were 31.81% (7/22) and ACDF with plate fixation were 30% (6/20) (p = 0.928). Local and regional kyphotic angle difference showed no significant difference. At the final follow-up, adjacent level disease developed in 4.54% (1/22) of ACDF with cage alone and 10% (2/20) of ACDF with plate fixation (p= 0.654). Conclusion : In two-level ACDF, ACDF with cage alone would be comparable with ACDF with plate fixation with regard to clinical outcome and radiologic result with no significant difference. We suggest that the routine use of plate and screw in 2-level surgery may not be beneficial.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2010

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is defined as the onset of allergic symptoms during, or immediately after, exercise, the clinical signs being various degrees of urticaria, angioedema, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, and even anaphylactic shock. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a specific variant of exercise-induced anaphylaxis that requires both vigorous physical activity and the ingestion of specific foods within the preceding several hours. To describe the physiopathologic mechanism, etiologic factors, and clinical manifestations, we evaluated the supplementation of vitamin C and catalase on spleen index, proliferation assay, ROS, and ASAS in sensitized and exercise trained mice. The results were as follows: Spleen index showed the highest level in the ST12 group compared to other groups; this level increased in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. In proliferation assay of Med and OVA, the ST12 group showed the highest level compared to other groups; this level also increased in a time dependent manner. On the other hand, spleen ROS did not show a statistically significant difference, and peritoneal ROS showed the highest level in the ST12 group. ASAS showed the highest level in the ST12 compared to the S; this was also in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. From the results, we chose the ST9 and ST12 groups to evaluate allergy anaphylaxis with supplementation of Vitamin C and catalase. In both the ST9 and ST12 groups, peritoneal ROS and ASAS were lower in vitamin C treatment group than in the catalase treatment group. This was a statistically significant difference. From the results, allergy anaphylaxis showed a higher level in the long trained group than in the short trained group. Also, treatment with vitamin C was more effective in lowering allergy anaphylaxis than catalase treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2004

It is well known that acupuncture is effective for treatment of gastric disease in human. For years, we have been utilizing a electro-acupuncture(EA) in attempt to manage gastric symptoms. However, the data on clinical effectiveness is conflicting and the action of acupoints is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of manual and electro acupuncture(EA) at acupoints of ST 36 and GB 34 on the serum gastrin level by radioimmunoassay in rats. All of acupuncture treatment was applied to the acupoints for 30 min during 3 days. Manual acupuncture with both acupoints resulted in increased gastrin serum level when compare to control group treated with only anesthesia. Either high (100 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency EA at ST 36 decreased gastrin serum level compared with control group, but EA at GB 34 conversely increased. In EA with device was designed stimulating only acupoint(New EA), either low frequency on ST 36 and high frequency on GB 34 unusually increased gastrin serum level compared to control group. The results of this experiment suggest that many factors, such as the selection of acupoints, the manipulation and the specification of acupuncture device, are capable of affecting acupuncture effects.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1985

Twenty-four cases of pituitary adenoma, 13 males and 11 females with the age ranging from 11 to 65 years, received radiation therapy(RT) on the pituitary area with 6MV linear accelerator during past 25 months at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College. Of 24 cases of RT, 20 were postoperative and 4 primary. To evaluate the effect of RT, we analysed the alteration of the endocrinologic tests, neurologic abnormalities, major clinical symptoms, endocrinologic changes and improvement in visual problems after RT. The results were as follows ; 1. Major clinical symptoms were headache, visual defects, diabetes insipidus, hypogonadisms and general weakness in decreasing order of frequency. 2. All but the one with Nelson's syndrome showed abnormal neuroradiologic changes in the sella turcica with an invasive tumor mass around supra· and para-sellar area. 3. Endocrinological classifications of the patient were 11 prolactinoma, 4 growth hormone -secreting tumors, 3 ACTH-secreting tumors consisting of one Cushing's disease and two Nelson's syndrome, and 6 nonfunctioning tumors. 4. Eleven of 14 patients, visual problems were improved after treatment but remaining 3 were unchanged. 5. Seven of 11 prolactinomas returned to normal hormonal level after postoperative and primary RT and 3 patients are being treated with bromocriptine (BMCP) but one lost case. 6. Two of 4 growth hormone·secreting tumor returned to normal level after RT but the remaining 2 are being treated with BMCP, as well.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2017

Shade affects turf quality by reducing light for photosynthesis. The shade tolerance of the tropical grasses, Digitaria longiflora and Axonopus compressus were evaluated against Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustinegrass). The grasses were established under shade structures that provide 0%, 50%, 75% or 90% shade level for 30 days. A suite of leaf traits, recorded from similar leaf developmental stage, displayed distinct responses to shade conditions. Leaf length, relative to control, increased in all three species as shade level increased. The mean leaf extension rate was lowest in St. Augustinegrass (80.42%) followed by A. compressus (84.62%) and D. longiflora (90.78%). The higher leaf extension rate in D. longiflora implied its poor shade tolerance. Specific leaf area (SLA) increased in all species with highest mean SLA increase in D. longiflora ($348.55cm^2mg^{-1}$)followed by A. compressus ($286.88cm^2mg^{-1}$) and St. Augustinegrass ($276.28cm^2mg^{-1}$). The highest SLA increase in D. longiflora suggested its lowest performance under shade. The percent green cover, as estimated by digital image analysis, was lowest in D. longiflora (53%) under 90% shade level compared to both species. The relative shade tolerance of the three turfgrasses could be ranked as St. Augustinegrass > A. compressus > D. longiflora.