• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 동시당화발효공정으로 바이오에탄올을 생산하기 위하여 바이오캡슐 형성을 시도하였다. 다수의 당화곰팡이 균주들과 발효 효모 균주들이 먼저 탐색되었다. Aspergillus sp. BCNU 6200, Penicillium sp. BCNU 6201 및 P. chrysogenum KACC 44363이 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 glucoamylase와 같은 당화 효소를 우수하게 생산하는 균주이었으며, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO-M-07이 조사된 균주 중에서 가장 에탄올 생산능이 높았다. 다음으로 pellet 형성 및 바이오 캡슐 형성을 위한 최적 조건을 평가하였다. 모든 조사된 곰팡이 모두 pellet을 형성하였으며, 바이오캡슐의 최적조건은 $28^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm이었다. 최종적으로 형성된 바이오캡슐을 이용하여 동시당화발효를 수행하여, Aspergillus sp. BCNU 6200의 바이오캡슐(Aspergillus sp. BCNU 6200 + S. cerevisiae IFO-M-07)이 10일간 발효시 $30^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm에서 3.9%의 에탄올을 생산함을 확인하였다. 본 실험 결과는 동시 당화발효 공정으로 바이오에탄올을 생산하는데 있어서 바이오캡슐을 활용함에 관한 유용한 정보를 제공하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 옥살산을 이용하여 팜 부산물 전처리를 수행하였으며 전처리에 사용된 산 촉매를 회수하였다. $150^{\circ}C$에서 전처리 후 액상가수분해산물에 포함된 발효가능한 당은 $20g/{\ell}$로 다른 조건에서 보다 높았으며 발효를 수행한 결과 72시간 후 $3.78g/{\ell}$의 에탄올을 생산하였다. 이것은 0.21 g/g의 에탄올 수율에 해당한다. $160^{\circ}C$ 이상의 전처리 조건에서 얻어진 액상가수분해산물의 발효는 이루어지지 않았다. 전기투석에 의해 액상가수분해산물에 포함된 옥살산은 대부분 회수되었으며 동시에 일부 발효저해물질도 제거되었다. 전기투석 후 액상가수분해산물을 이용한 에탄올 발효는 효율적으로 이루어졌으며 발효 24시간 후 $5.38g/{\ell}$의 에탄올을 생산하였다. 이것은 0.33 g/g의 에탄올 수율에 해당한다. 전처리 후 고형바이오매스를 이용하여 동시당화발효를 수행한 결과 모든 전처리 조건에서 96시간 후 $15g/{\ell}$ 이상의 에탄올을 생산하였으며, 특히 $170^{\circ}C$ 전처리 조건에서 $20.54g/{\ell}$의 높은 에탄올 생산을 나타냈다. 전기투석 후 액상가수분해산물을 이용하여 동시당화발효를 수행한 결과 에탄올 생산이 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.129-142
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• 2006

본 논문은 공간시계열자료가 공간의 위치와 시간의 흐름에 따라 동시에 관측되는 분야인 기상, 지질, 천문, 생태, 역학 등에서 아주 넓이 사용되고 있고 그 수요가 점차 증가하는 이 시기에 복잡한 공간시계열 중선형(STBL) 모형에 대한 모수 추정 방법 중 수치 해석적 방법인 Newton-Raphson 방법과 Kalman-Filter 방법을 비교하고, 두 가지 방법에 의한 예측력을 비교하여 보았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2008

동시당화발효 공정을 이용한 국내산 원료의 바이오 에탄올 생산성을 비교해 보았다. 먼저 바이오 에탄올 생산비를 절감하기 위해 에탄올 생산의 전처리 공정인 호화, 액화 공정의 최적조건을 탐색하였고 이를 바탕으로 각 원료별 에탄올 생산성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 각 원료별로 모두 다른 최적의 전처리 조건을 나타내었는데, 이는 원료에 따른 전분 입자의 구조 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 에탄올 생산성에 있어서도 원료별로 많은 차이를 보였다. 옥수수의 경우 에탄올 전환 수율이 90.45%로 가장 높았고 발효속도 면에서는 절간고구마 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대부분의 원료에서 전분함량이 높을수록 에탄올 생산량은 많았지만 발효 속도에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보아 원료에 포함된 다른 조효소나 보조인자들이 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로 고효율의 바이오 에탄올을 생성하기 위해서는 각 원료에 따른 특성 파악이 중요하며 발효에 영향을 미치는 요소들에 대하여 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2002

As semi-solid forging (SSF) is compared with conventional easting such as gravity die-easting and squeeze casting, the product without inner defects can be obtained from semi-solid forming and globular microstructure as well. Generally speaking. SSF consists of reheating, forging, ejecting precesses. In the reheating process, the materials are heated up to the temperature between the solidus and liquidus line at which the materials exists in the form of liquid-solid mixture. The process variables such as reheating time, reheating temperature, reheating holding time, and induction heating power have much effect on the quality of the reheated billets. It is difficult to consider all the variables at the same time when predicting the quality. In this paper, Taguchi method, regression analysis and neural network were applied to analyze the relationship between processing conditions and solid fraction. A356 alloy was used for the present study, and the learning data were extracted by the reheating experiments. Results by neural network were on good agreement with those by experiment. Polynominal regression analysis was formulated by using the test data from neural network. Optimum processing condition was calculated to minimize the grain size, solid fraction standard deviation, otherwise, to maximize the specimen temperature average. In this time, discussion is liven about reheating process of row material and results are presented with regard to accurate process variables for proper solid fraction, specimen temperature and grain size.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 2005

The effects of 3 different strains of Japanese koji (Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae and A. awamori) in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of sugarcane bagasse mixed with wheat bran on chemical composition, energy, in vivo digestibility and preference of the fermented bagasse feeds (FBF) in goats were investigated. Diets consisted of lucerne hay cube (basal diet) and unfermented bagasse feed (control), FBF with A. oryzae (O), FBF with A. sojae (S) or FBF with A. awamori (A), which were mixed in a total ration of 7:3 (w/w DM). Three Nubian does were fed each of the diets, i.e. control, O, S and A in the 4 consecutive periods for digestion trials (21-day each). The goats were also used for preference trials (30-min each) of O, S and A. The O was significantly higher in CP content than others (p<0.05). The crude fiber (CF), ADF and cellulose contents of control were significantly lower than those of other diets (p<0.05). The S had significantly higher CF digestibility than control (p<0.05), and it revealed the largest value of all. Digestibilities of NDF, ADF and cellulose in S were significantly higher than those of control (about 10, 18 and 18%, respectively, p<0.05). The DE of S was significantly higher than that of others (p<0.05), though there were no significant differences in DCP and TDN between control and S. The results of preference trials demonstrated that the average intake rate was not significantly different among diets, but O and S are likely to be preferable to A (p<0.1). It was concluded that the SSF of bagasse feeds by Japanese koji can improve the fiber digestion, especially NDF, ADF or cellulose in goats, and there is a marked effect in the feed containing A. sojae, which may lead to the improvement of DE.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9529-9534
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• 2014

Background: Cancer staging enables planning for the best treatments, evaluation of prognosis, and predictions for survival. The Collaborative Stage (CS) system makes it possible to significantly reduce the proportion of patients labeled at an "unknown" stage as well as discrepancies among different staging systems. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the accuracy and validity of CS data. Materials and Methods: Data were randomly selected (233 cases) from stomach cancer cases enrolled for CS survey at the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Two questionnaires were used to assess CS values for each case and to review the cancer registration environment for each hospital. Data were analyzed in terms of the relationships between the time spent for acquisition and registration of CS information, environments relating to cancer registration in the hospitals, and document sources of CS information for each item. Results: The time for extracting and registering data was found to be shorter when the hospitals had prior experience gained from participating in a CS pilot study and when they were equipped with full-time cancer registrars. Evaluation of the CS information according to medical record sources found that the percentage of items missing for Site Specific Factor (SSF) was 30% higher than for other CS variables. Errors in CS coding were found in variables such as "CS Extension," "CS Lymph Nodes," "CS Metastasis at Diagnosis," and "SSF25 Involvement of Cardia and Distance from Esophagogastric Junction (EGJ)." Conclusions: To build CS system data that are reliable for cancer registration and clinical research, the following components are required: 1) training programs for medical records administrators; 2) supporting materials to promote active participation; and 3) format development to improve registration validity.

• 복식
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2013

The globalization of the world, fueled by the Internet, made possible for individuals to access the cultures around the world, other than their own, easier than ever before. But among those rapidly sought out sub-cultures, the video gaming industry, once a niche market mostly for nerds and geeks, now has become one of the biggest entertainment businesses in the world. In a video game, one of the critical elements that could determine its success or failure is the characters featured in the game. And as the countless number of animated characters from many different video games from the past few years have become incredibly popular among the audiences around the world, the expectations from the fans also grow higher every time a new game comes out. Ultimately this has forced the video game developers to come up with more unique and interesting characters for their video games. And at this point, where a video game character is more than just fictional fantasy but a brand to be recognized, it is worth paying proper attention to the video game characters that represent Korea. Hence in this study, we will take a look at Han Ju-Ri, a Korean character featured in Super Street Fighter IV, a competitive fighting game developed by Capcom, one of the world's most recognized video game companies that started its life as an arcade video game, developer but eventually ventured its business into the online world. The study will propose a complete overhaul of the character by incorporating Korea's own traditional looks.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2007

본 논문은 공간시계열 자기회귀 이동평균(STARMA) 모형과 공간 시계열 중선형(STBL) 모형에 대해 식별, 추정, 예측 등의 통계적 절차와 특징들을 논하고, 두 모형을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 사례 연구를 위 해 2001년부터 2006년까지 8개 지역으로부터 보고된 월별 Mumps 자료를 사용했고, 예측오차제곱합(SSF)을 활용하여 두 모형의 적합도를 비교하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 1991

The filter elution technique was used to assay $^{60}Co$ $\gamma$ ray-induced DNA strand breaks(SB) in EL4 mouse leukemia cell and mouse spleen lymphocyte. The lymphocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $20{\mu}g/ml$) to label $[^3H]$ thymidine. EL4 cells and lymphocytes in suspension were exposed at $0^{\circ}C$ to 0Gy, 1Gy, 5Gy, 10Gy or l5Gy for DNA single strand breaks(SSB) assay and 0Gy, 25Gy, 50Gy, 75Gy or 100Gy for DNA double strand breaks(DSB) assay of $^{60}Co$ radiation and elution procedure was performed at pH12.1 and 9.6. The number of DNA strand breaks increased with increasing doses of r rays. The strand scission factor(SSF) was estimated in each experiment (eluted volume 21ml). The slope of SSB EL4 cells was $0.01301{\pm}0.00096Gy^{-1}$ (n=5), the slope of SSB for lymphocytes was $0.01097{\pm}0.00091Gy^{-1}$ (n=5) and the slope of DSB for lymphocytes was $0.001707{\pm}0.0000573Gy^{-1}$ (n=5). Thus EL4 cells were more sensitive to induction of DNA SSB by ionizing radiation than lymphocytes (p<0.005). The ratio of slope of dose-response relationship (SSF versus dose) of lymphocytes DNA SSB as compared with the slope of DNA DSB was 6.4.