• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

A spatial time series model was used for analyzing the method of spatial time series (not the ARIMA model that is popular for analyzing spatial time series) by using chicken pox data which is a highly contagious disease and grid data due to ARIMA not reflecting the spatial processes. Time series model contains a weighting matrix, because that spatial time series model influences the time variation as well as the spatial location. The weighting matrix reflects that the more geographically contiguous region has the higher spatial dependence. It is hypothesized that the weighting matrix gives neighboring areas the same influence in the study of the spatial time series model. Therefore, we try to present the conclusion with a weighting matrix in a way that gives the same weight to existing neighboring areas in the study of the suitability of the STARMA model, spatial time series model and STBL model, in the comparative study of the predictive power for statistical inference, and the results. Furthermore, through the Kalman-Filter method we try to show the superiority of the Kalman-Filter method through a parameter assumption and the processes of prediction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2008

Natural organic matter (NOM) removal by physico-chemical adsorption and biological oxidation was investigated in five slow sand filters with different media depths. Non-purgeable dissolved organic carbon(NPDOC) and $UV_{254}$ absorbance were measured to evaluate the characteristics of NOM removal at different filter depths. Removal efficiency of NOM was in the range of 10-40% throughout the operation time. At start-up of the filters packed with clean sand media, NOM was probably removed by physico-chemical adsorption on the surface of sand through the overall layer of filter bed. However, when Schumutzdecke layer was built up after 30 days operation, the major portion of NPDOC was removed by biological oxidation and/or bio-sorption in lower depth above 50 mm. NOM removal rate in the upper 50 mm filter bed was $0.82hr^{-1}$. It was about 20 times of the rate($0.04hr^{-1}$) in the deeper filter bed. Small portion of NPDOC could be removed in the deeper filter bed by both bio-sorption and biodegradation. SEM analysis and VSS measurement clearly showed the growth of biofilm in the deeper filter bed below 500 mm, which possibly played an important role in the NOM removal by biological activity besides the physco-chemical adsorption mechanism

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.709-715
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• 2013

The waste from beer fermentation broth (WBFB) has been found an excellent and inexpensive resource for bioethanol production. We tried to evaluate the saccharification and fermentation capabilities of WBFB to confirm its effectiveness for bioethanol production. The saccharification potentials of the WBFB were evaluated at various temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60 and $70^{\circ}C$). It was found that the saccharification capabilities increased with temperature and highest reached maximum at $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ after 4h. Ethanol production from a mixture of WBFB and chemically defined media (CDM) without addition of any microbial species confirmed the fermentation capabilities of WBFB. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were performed using WBFB, starch solution and CDM as culturing media. The maximum yield of bioethanol production was obtained at $30^{\circ}C$. The saccharifying enzymes and the yeast cells present in WBFB were essential factors for the production of bioethanol from WBFB without any additional enzymes or microbial cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.245-247
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• 2005

A cellulolytic fungus isolated from Agave plantation in northeastern Thailand was identified as Acrophialophora nainiana. The fungus was capable of growing at pH between 3 - 7 and 25 - 45 $^{\circ}C$, with the optimum conditions at pH 5.0 and 40 $^{\circ}C$. The wild isolate produced cellulases, comprising of exoglucanase (0.019 U/mg protein), endoglucanase (0.366 U/mg protein), and ${\beta}$-glucosidase (0.001 U/mg protein). Mutations with UV and NTG produced the UV 10-2 mutant with cellulases activities including exoglucanase (0.093 U/mg protein), endoglucanase (0.585 U/mg protein), and ${\beta}$-glucosidase (0.013 U/mg protein). Purification of the enzymes with ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and ion-exchange chromatography yielded the maximal cellulase specific activities of 2.736 U/mg protein (exoglucanase), 0.235 U/mg protein (endoglucanase), and 0.008 U/mg protein (${\beta}$-glucosidase). The mutant's cellulases were the most active at pH 5.0 and 60 $^{\circ}C$. Ion-exchange chromatography revealed that A. nainiana UV 10-2 cellulases were comprised of two peaks with one peak showing the single endoglucanase activity while the other peak showed a mixture of the three enzyme activities. Production of A. nainiana UV 10-2 cellulases using banana leaf stalk as the sole carbon source gave comparable yields to that of the pure ${\alpha}$-cellulose. The enzymes were used in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of plant residue (Coix aquatica) along with Kluveromyces marxianus to produce ethanol. Moreover, when the enzymes were used in the bioscouring process of fabric, the desiravle traits of textile processing including immediate water absorbency, increased in whiteness and reduction of yellowness of the treated fabric were observed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.430-435
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• 1987

A chitin-immobilized enzyme amyloglucosidase(AMG) and a bacterium Zymomonas mobilis were coentrapped in alginate gel beads. Ethanol production was performed in a packed bed column reactor in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF) mode using liquefied sago starch as a substrate. It was found that this process eliminated product inhibition and reverse reaction of glucose enhancing the rate of saccharification and ethanol production. At a low dilution rate of D = 0.11 hr$^{-1}$, the steady-state ethanol concentration was 46.0g/$m\ell$ (96.8 % of theoretical yield). The maximum ethanol productivity was 17.7g/$m\ell$, h at D = 0.83 hr$^{-1}$ when the calculation was based on the total working volume. The continuous production of ethanol was maintained stably over 40 days without problems in this reactor system.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2004

The Goals of Intelligent Network(IN) provide the methods that create, test and apply the various hinds of services to satisfy the user's need. In this environments, we can create new IN service by description of GSL(Global Service Logic) using that SCE(Service Creation Environment). In the ITU-T CS-2, the various SIBs(Service Independent Building-blocks) are defined to develop the services. There are limitations to develop the various services using the SIBs defined in recommendation. So, in this paper, we define the new SIBs and implement the SCE. The new SIBs are defined in this paper are Connect SIB and BCSM Event SIB. The Connect Call SIB provides the connectivity between SLPI(Service Logic processing Program Instance) and call after connecting the calling party to called party. The BCSMEvent SIB provides the functions that request SSF to report the call processing event and receive it. In this paper, we design and implement the SCE that supports the SIBs defined by recommendation and this paper, provides GUI environment to specify GSI, and generates the code used by SCP.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.193-202
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• 1999

A promising telecommunication system so called IMT-2000 is forecasted to cover almost 50 percent of telecommunication services, which will be provided in the beginning of the year 2000. The system offers high quality service such as data, image, and video as well as voice. UPT, which offers the personal mobility, is recognized as an important service because we can bind a variety of wire or wireless networks as single number. This paper discusses the design of IMT-2000 MSC based on AIN and UPT service in the MSC. First, we propose the system structure of the IMP-2000 MSC, as a platform of UPT service implementation. Based on this, we define main functions and its blocks of the IMP-2000 MSC. Third, we present the structure of SSF and Its operational mechanism to support the IN services such as UPT. Finally, we present the detail UPT service implementation for the IMP-2000 MSC through the design of UPT call flows between software blocks, which are the minimum units, within the IMPt-2000 MSC.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2006

We need to check into when a security system is newly developed, we against cyber attack which is expected in real network. However it is impossible to check it under the environment of a large-scale distributive network. So it is need to simulate it under the virtual network environment. SSFNet is a event-driven simulator which can be represent a large-scale network. Unfortunately, it doesn't have the module to simulate security functions. In this paper, we added the IDS module to SSFNet. We implement the IDS module by modeling a key functions of Snort. In addition, we developed some useful functions using Java language which can manipulate easily a packet for network simulation. Finally, we performed the simulation to verify the function if our developed IDS and Packets Manipulation. The simulation shows that our expanded SSFNet can be used to further large-scale security system simulator.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.338-347
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• 2005

Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filtration (HRF) is one of altemative pretreatment methods e.g. prior to Slow Sand Filtration (SSF). However, some of its limitations are that the effluent quality drops drastically at higher turbidity (>200 NTU) and at higher filtration rate (>1 m/h). To overcome these drawbacks, we suggested Direct Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filtration (DHRF), which is a modified system of Horizontal-Flow Roughing (HRF) by addition of low dose of coagulant prior to filtration. In this study to optimize the DHRF configuration, a conceptual and mathematical model for the coarse compartment has been developed in analogy with multi-plate settlers. Data from simple column settling test can be used in the model to predict the filter performance. Furthermore, the model developed herein has been validated by successive experiments carried out. The conventional column settling test has been found to be an handy and useful to predict the performance of DHRF for different raw water characteristics (e.g. coagulated or uncoagulated water, different presence of organic matter, etc.) and different inital process conditions (e.g. coagulant dose, mixing time and intensity, etc.). An optimum filter design for the coarse compartment (grain size 20mm) has been found to be of 3 m/h filtration rate with filter length of 4-4.5 m.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2019

This work focused on characterization of the starch degradation activity from extremophile strain Deinococcus geothermalis. Glucoamylase gene from D. geothermalis was cloned and overexpressed by pET-21a vector using E. coli BL21 (DE3). In order to characterize starch degrading activity of recombinant glucoamylase, enzyme was purified using HisPur Ni-NTA column. The recombinant glucoamylase from D. geothermalis exhibited the optimum temperature as $45^{\circ}C$ for starch degradation activity. And highly acido-stable starch degrading activity was shown at pH 2. For further optimization of starch degrading activity with metal ion, various metal ions ($AgCl_2$, $HgCl_2$, $MnSO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$, $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, $K_2SO_4$, $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, NaCl, or $CuSO_4$) were added for enzyme reaction. As results, it was found that $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ or $MnSO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$ addition resulted in 17% and 9% improved starch degrading activity, respectively. The recombinant glucoamylase from D. geothermalis might be used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process at high acidic conditions.