• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.691-698
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• 2015

Application launch time is an important performance metric to user experience in desktop and laptop environment, which mostly depends on the performance of secondary storage. Application launch times can be reduced by utilizing solid-state drive (SSD) instead of hard disk drive (HDD). However, considering a cost-performance trade-off, utilizing SSDs as caches for slow HDDs is a practicable alternative in reducing the application launch times. We propose a new SSD caching scheme which migrates data blocks from HDDs to SSDs. Our scheme operates entirely in the file system level and does not require an extra layer for mapping SSD-cached data that is essential in most other schemes. In particular, our scheme does not incur mapping overheads that cause significant burdens on the main memory, CPU, and SSD space for mapping table. Experimental results conducted with 8 popular applications demonstrate our scheme yields 56% of performance gain in application launch, when data blocks along with metadata are migrated.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.379-385
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• 2017

In enterprise environments, hybrid storage typically utilizes SSDs over disk-based RAID. Typically, SSDs over RAID are used as the data cache. Recently, the LeavO caching scheme was introduced to reduce the parity update overhead of the underlying RAID. In this paper, we combine the data caching and LeavO caching schemes and derive cost models of the combined cache to determine the optimal data and LeavO cache sizes. We also propose the Adaptive Combined Cache that dynamically adjusts the data cache and LeavO cache sizes for evolving workloads. Experimental results show that the performance of the Adaptive Combined Cache is significantly superior to that of the conventional data caching scheme and is comparable with that of the off-line optimal scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.322-324
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• 2012

PCM은 바이트 단위 읽고 쓰기가 가능한 비휘발성 메모리로서 차세대 스토리지로 주목받고 있다. 기존의 디스크 캐싱 기법은 하드 디스크나 SSD와 같이 섹터 단위로 엑세스하는 장치를 위하여 페이지 단위의 캐싱을 하고 있다. 하지만, 바이트 단위 접근이 가능한 고성능 PCM의 특성을 활용하기 위해서는 PCM 스토리지를 위한 효율적인 단위의 디스크 캐싱 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 페이지 단위가 아닌 128바이트 단위 I/O요청을 위한 캐싱 방법을 제안하며, 이를 기반으로 몇 가지 워크로드에 대하여 실험을 진행하여 I/O 요청의 크기와 개수 변화를 추정한다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 제안한 기법이 PCM 스토리지에서 더 적합함을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.07a
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• pp.333-335
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• 2014

페이스북, 트위터와 같은 클라우드 및 웹 서비스 제공회사와 클라우드 및 웹 서비스 제공자는 수많은 사용자들에 의해 발생되는 무수한 데이터를 빠르게 처리하기 위해 하드 디스크보다는 램에 저장 할 필요가 있다. 그러한 좋은 도구로서 분산메모리 객체 캐싱 소프트웨어인 멤캐시드가 있다. 멤캐시드의 성능은 저장공간의 크기에 따라 많은 차이를 보이는데, 하드웨어의 비용, 전력소비와 온도조절 등 공간의 제약을 감안했을 때, 무작정 개별 서버에 많은 RAM을 장착하거나, 서버 배열을 확장하는 것은 효율적인 방법이 아니다. 따라서 많은 양의 데이터가 메모리에 저장이 가능하도록 RAM과 SSD를 같이 확장한 SSD 기반 하이브리드 메모리를 제안한다. 하이브리드 메모리는 객체 캐시로 동작하고 페이지 단위로 할당하는 것보다 객체 단위로 자원할당을 함으로서 SSD에서 빠른 무작위 읽기를 할 수 있게 해 객체의 접근속도를 향상시켰다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.01a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2020

응용프로그램의 응답성을 향상시키기 위해서는 저장장치 시스템의 데이터 처리 능력이 중요하다. 한편, 차세대 메모리(NVDIMM)는 DRAM과 SSD 중간 정도의 성능 특성과 저장 용량을 갖는다. NVDIMM을 저장장치의 캐시로 사용함으로써 메모리와 저장장치의 격차는 많이 줄게 된다. 본 논문에서는 경량의 재사용 거리 측정 기법을 이용하여 효율적으로 디스크를 캐싱하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 경량의 재사용 거리 측정 기법을 바탕으로 계산된 CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)값에 따라 디스크 캐시에 해당 데이터 적재 여부를 결정한다. 결과적으로 제안 기법을 적용한 디스크 캐시를 운용함에 따라 캐시의 히트율을 향상시켰다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.117-123
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• 2013

In the recent cloud storage environment, the amount of SSD (Solid-State Drive) replacing with the traditional hard disk drive is increasing. Management of SSD for its space efficiency has become important since SSD provides fast IO performance due to no mechanical movement whereas it has wearable characteristics and does not provide in place update. In order to manage space efficiency of SSD, data de-duplication technique is frequently used. However, this technique occurs much overhead because it consists of data chunking, hasing and hash matching operations. In this paper, we propose new data de-duplication method using PRAM cache. The proposed method uses hierarchical hash tables and LRU(Least Recently Used) for data replacement in PRAM. First hash table in DRAM is used to store hash values of data cached in the PRAM and second hash table in PRAM is used to store hash values of data in SSD storage. The method also enhance data reliability against power failure by maintaining backup of first hash table into PRAM. Experimental results show that average writing frequency and operation time of the proposed method are 44.2% and 38.8% less than those of existing data de-depulication method, respectively, when three workloads are used.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.665-671
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• 2011

The Competitiveness of Hybrid hard disk drive(H-HDD) for solid state disk(SSD) comes from both lower power consumption and higher reading speed. This paper suggests a prefetching scheme that can improve the performance of Non-Volatile cache(NVCache) memory installed on the H-HDD through prefetching disk blocks as well as files to the NVCache. The proposed scheme makes the highly used data such as booting files copy to the NVCache as an unit of file and the frequently accessed blocks copy to the NVCache. This prefetching is done on the idle time of disk queue and the priorities of prefetched target blocks are based on both time and spatial locality of blocks. Experiments results show that the suggested method can improve response time of H-HDD and also lower the power consumption.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

SSDs that are not allowed in-place update within the allocated page cause another allocation of a new page that will replace the previous page at the moment data modification occurs. This intrinsic characteristic of SSDs requires many changes to the existing HDD-based IO theory. In this paper, we conduct a performance comparison of FTL caching strategy in perspective of cache hashing (Global vs. grouped) and caching algorithm (LRU vs. NUR) through a simulation. Experimental results show that in terms of energy consumption for flash operation the grouped management of cache is not suitable and NUR algorithm is superior to LRU algorithm. In particular, we found that the cache hit ratio of LRU algorithm is about 10% point higher than that of NUR algorithm while the energy consumption of LRU algorithm is about 32% high.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Recently, Solid state disk is mainly used because this device has lower power consumption as well as higher response time. But it features higher price and lower performance at delete and write operations compared with HDD. To compensate this defect, Hybrid hard disk with internal non-volatile flash memory was issued. This NVCache is used as a kind of cache for disk blocks. In this paper, an I/O scheme for H-HDD is proposed for improving low power consumption as well as response time. Our method is to use this NVCache as read cache mainly and write cache when write requests are concentrated. In read cache operation, disk blocks with higher priority determined on basis of time as well as spatial localities are prefetched, which can improve response time. The write operation is conducted only at write peak time as disk spindle up costs higher battery power as well as response time. Experiments results show that the suggested method can improve response time of H-HDD and lower the power consumption.