• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.340-343
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• 2004

Since the tide embankment construction started in 1991, the coastal environment in and around the Saemangeum area has undergone changes rapidly, there is a need for monitoring the environmental change in this region. Owing to high temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the coastal ecosystem and processes as well as the expense with traditional filed sampling at discrete locations, satellite remote sensing measurements offer a unique perspective on mapping a large region simultaneously because of the synoptic and repeat coverage and that quantitative algorithms used for estimating constituents' concentration in the coastal environments. Thus, the main objectives of the present study are to analyze the retrieved Suspended Sediment (SS) pattern to predict changes after the commencement of the tide embankment construction work in 1991. This is accomplished with a series of the Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery acquired from 1985-2002 (a total of 18 imageries). Instead of a simple empirical algorithm, we implement an analytical SS algorithm, developed by Ahn et al. (2003), which is especially developed for estimating SS concentration (SSC) in Case-2 waters. The results show that there is a significant change in SS pattern, which is mainly influenced by the tide and tidal height after the construction of the embankment work. As the construction progressed, the distribution pattern of SS has greatly changed, and the rate of SS concentration in the gap area of the dyke of post-construction has significantly increased.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1378-1383
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• 2008

댐 저수지에서 지속적인 탁도를 유발하는 물질은 쉽게 침강되지 않는 $20{\mu}m$이하의 작은 부유물질(SS)이며, 가을 수직혼합 시기까지 침강되지 않은 부유물질은 다시 재부상하는 경우도 발생한다. 저수지내 탁수의 장기 체류는 수자원 이용과 하류하천의 수생태계에 다양한 문제를 야기하고 있어 일부 댐에서는 실시간 탁도 감시 장치를 설치하고 취수설비를 개선하는 등의 탁수저감 대책의 노력을 기울이고 있으나, 시설의 최적 운영을 지원할 수 있는 탁수 거동 및 탁도 예측에 관한 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 특히, 탁도는 물 속에 존재하는 부유물질의 광학적 특성(light attenuation)을 나타내는 지표로써 SS와는 물리적인 물성이 달라 실시간 계측자료(탁도)와 모델의 모의 변수(SS)가 다른 문제점 때문에 모델링에 어려움이 있었다. 지금까지 탁도 모델링은 대부분 탁도와 SS의 상관관계를 이용하는 방법을 사용하였다. 그러나 이 방법은 탁도-SS 관계가 실측지점과 입자크기분포에 따라 달라지는 특성 때문에 변환과정에 예측결과의 불확실성이 내재한다는 지적을 받아왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 저수지로 유입한 탁수의 보다 과학적이고 정확한 탁도 예측을 위해 탁도를 유발하는 부유물질의 입자크기 분포와 공간적으로 변하는 탁도-SS의 상관관계를 고려할 수 있는 표준화된 탁도 모델링 방법을 개발하고, 실측자료를 사용하여 제시된 탁도 모델링 방법의 예측 성능을 평가하는데 있다. 부유물질의 이송-확산-침강 모델은 2차원 횡방향 평균 수리 모델과 연결(coupling)되어 수행되며, 저수지 수면을 통한 열 교환, 바람과 바닥 조도에 의한 난류혼합과 성층해석, 하천 유입수의 저수지내 밀도류 유동, 그리고 입자 크기별 부유물질의 독립침강을 해석한다. 부유입자의 크기분포와 공간적으로 서로 다른 탁도-SS 관계를 고려한 탁도 예측모델은 기존의 탁도를 종속변수로 사용한 예측 방법 또는 단일 입자크기를 사용한 모델보다 개선된 모의결과를 보여주었다. 본 연구에서 제시된 탁도 예측 알고리즘은 실시간 탁수감시와 예측 모델링, 그리고 댐 방류수 탁도 관리를 위한 선택취수 설비의 운영을 위한 의사결정지원시스템에 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제1집
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• pp.91-118
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• 1999

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt ein zweidimensionales Valenzmodell. In diesem Modell wurde der Versuch unternommen, durch Beruck­sichtigung $valenzunabh\"{a}ngiger$ Faktoren die bisherige eindimensionale Valenzkonzeption zu $\"{u}berwinden\;und\;f\"{u}r\;Problemf\"{a}lle$ der Valenz­forschung angemessenere $Erkl\"{a}rungen$ zu bieten. Dabei wurde mit Agel (1994) davon ausgegangen, $da\ss$ man zwischen Valenzpotenz und Valenzrealisierung unterscheiden sollte. Zwischen den beiden Ebenen besteht keine Isomorphie. Auf der Ebene der Valenz­potenz spreche ich von valenzgebundenen und valenzfreien Gliedern, auf der Ebene der Valenzrealisierung dagegen von notwendigen und optional en Gliedern. Somit ergeben sich insgesamt vier $M\"{o}glichkeiten:$ 1. valenzgebunden und notwendig; 2. valenzgebunden und optional; 3. valenzfrei und notwendig; 4. valenzfrei und optional. Viele $Problemf\"{a}lle$ der bisherigen Valenzforschung $geh\"{o}ren$ zu dem zweiten und dem dritten Typ. Erst die Annahme des zweidimensionalen Valenzmodells bietet $daf\"{u}r\;systematische\;Erkl\"{a}rungen$. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele wurde gezeigt, $da\ss$ syntaktische, semantische, pragmatische und konzeptuelle Faktoren die Valenzrealisierung beeinflussen. Valenzrealisierung ist somit nicht als $blo{\ss}e$ Wiedergabe der im Lexikon immanenten Valenzpotenz anzusehen. $Schlie{\ss}lich$ wurde am Beispiel yon gehen das $Verh\"{a}ltnis$ zwischen Valenzpotenz, konzeptuellen Prozessen und Valenzrealisierung dargestellt: Die Realisierung der eigentlich valenzgebundenen lokalen Adverbial­bestimmung $h\"{a}ngt$ eng mit den konzeptuellen Prozessen ($Lokalisierungs-proze{\ss}\;vs.\;Delokalisierungsproze{\ss}$) zusammen. Falls $Lokalisierungs-proze{\ss}$ stattfindet, ist die Realisietung der lokalen Adverbialbestimmung notwendig, um die Direktionalisierung des Verweisobjekts im Hinblick auf das Bezugsobjekt zu bezeichnen. Bei $Delokalisierungsproze\ss$ ist die Realisierung der lokalen Adverbialbestimung dagegen optional.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of replacing limestone by sea shell on digestibility, egg strength and thickness, Ca and P of serum and Ca and P of tibia in layer hens. A total 54 brown layers was assigned to the treatments. There were six layers per replicate with three replicate per treatment. Treatments were layer diet with 7.5% limestone as control, 7.0% limestone and 0.5% sea shell in diet(SS0.5) and 6.5% limestone and 1.0% sea shell in diet(SS1.0). Digestibility of DM was significantly difference between SS0.5 and SS1.0(P〈0.05). Digestibilities of Ca and P were not affected by treatments(P〉0.05), however, SS1.0 tended to increase Ca and P digestibility compared to control. Egg thickness and egg strength were no differences among the treatments(P〉0.05). Differences of initial and finial period on Ca of plasma were significantly affected in the a.m. between SS0.5 and SS1.0(P〈0.05). However, there was no difference in Ca of plasma in the p.m. among the treatments and Ca of plasma in control had a tendency to decrease in the p.m. compared to that of treatments(P〉0.05). Ca of tibia was significantly increased by SS1.0 compared to control(P〈0.05). However, there was no difference in P of tibia among the treatments(P〉0.05). Based on these results, dietary supplemental sea shell mat have a role to improve the egg quality of layer hens.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.17.1-17.8
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• 2017

Somatostatin (SS) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) are primary factors regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion in the pituitary. To date, it remains unknown how this rhythm is controlled endogenously, although there must be coordination of circadian manners. Melatonin was the main regulator in biological rhythms, and its secretion has fluctuation by photic information. But relationship between melatonin and growth-related genes (ghrh and ss) is unclear. We investigated circadian rhythms of melatonin secretion, ghrh and ss expressions, and correlation between melatonin with growth-related genes in tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. The melatonin secretion showed nocturnal rhythms under light and dark (LD) conditions. In constant light (LL) condition, melatonin secretion has similar patterns with LD conditions. ss1 mRNA was high during scotophase under LD conditions. But ss1 rhythms disappeared in LL conditions. Ghrh appeared opposite expression compared with melatonin levels or ss1 expression under LD and LL. In the results of the melatonin injection, ghrh and ss1 showed no significant expression compared with control groups. These results suggested that melatonin and growth-related genes have daily or circadian rhythms in the tiger puffer. Further, we need to know mechanisms of each ss and ghrh gene regulation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2004

본 연구는 요즘 하수처리공정의 결과로 발생되는 슬러지에 의한 환경오염 문제를 극복하기 위하여 슬러지 처리 방안으로서 중요시되고 있는 슬러지 전처리 공정 중에서 오존과 효소에 의한 전처리 공정을 연구하고 최적의 처리효율 향상을 위한 방안으로 슬러지 전처리 효율향상과 최적화를 위한 요건을 연구하였다. 슬러지 전처리 최적화를 위하여 오존과 효소의 양을 조절하였다. 그 결과효소의 양에 따라 슬러지내의 SCOD증가량이 비례하여 증가하였다. 오존 자체적인 슬러지의 SCOD증가량은 오존의 양에 따라 증가하였다. 따라서 0.049g $O_3$/g SS일 때 가장 높게 증가하였다. 각기 다른 오존양을 이용하여 슬러지를 전처리한 후 효소에 의한 슬러지 전처리 효율을 비교하면, 오존처리에서는 가장 많은 양의 오존으로 처리한 0.04g $O_3$/g SS에서 높은 처리효율을 보인 반면, 효소에 의한 SCOD증가는 0.03g $O_3$/g SS에서 가장 좋았다. 종합적인 오존과 효소의 전처리에 의한 SCOD증가는 ().03 g $O_3$/g SS일 때 가장 좋았다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effects of steamed soybeans (SS) and fermented SS (FSS) on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. ICR mice were divided into four groups and given the following different diets: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with 1% SS (HFD + SS), and HFD with 1% FSS (HFD + FSS). After 14 weeks, the body weight gain was higher in the HFD group compared with the ND group but lower in the HFD + FSS group compared with the HFD group. Plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly higher in the HFD group compared to the ND group, but lower in the HFD + SS and HFD + FSS groups compared with the HFD group. In addition, leptin concentration in plasma was lower in the groups fed HFD + SS and HFD + FSS compared with the HFD group. The accumulation of hepatic TG and TC was significantly inhibited in the HFD + SS and HFD + FSS groups. Furthermore, SS and FSS attenuated lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation in the liver induced by the high-fat diet. These results suggest that soybeans, especially FSS, may be useful in preventing obesity-induced abnormalities in lipid metabolism.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length (WL) determination of four electronic apex locators (EALs), namely, Root ZX (RZX), Elements diagnostic unit and apex locator (ELE), SybronEndo Mini Apex locator (MINI) and Propex pixi (PIXI) using Stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand files. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference between canal length determination by SS and NiTi files of 4 EALs. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted, single rooted human teeth were decoronated and the canal orifice flared. The actual length (AL) was assessed visually, and the teeth were embedded in an alginate model. The electronic length (EL) measurements were recorded with all four EALs using SS and NiTi files at '0.5' reading on display. The differences between the AL and EL were compared. Results: The results obtained with each EAL with SS and NiTi files were compared with AL. A paired sample t test showed that there was a statistical significant difference between EAL readings with SS and NiTi files for RZX and MINI (p < 0.05). The accuracy of RZX, ELE, MINI and PIXI within ${\pm}0.5 mm$ of AL with SS/NiTi files were 93.3%/70%, 90%/91.7%, 95%/68.3%, and 83.3%/83.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Root ZX was statistically more accurate with NiTi files compared to SS files, while MINI was statistically more accurate with SS files compared to NiTi files. ELE and PIXI were not affected by the alloy type of the file used to determine WL.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.594-599
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• 2001

혈압상승을 주도하는 효소인 angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)의 활성을 저해하는 펩타이드를 생산하는 protease 분비 균을 간장으로부터 분리하여 동정하였다. 여러대두 발효식품으로부터 단백질 분해능이 있는 균주를 분리하고, 분리된 균주들 중에서 ACE 저해활성이 가장 높은 균주인 SS103 균주를 선정하였다. 선정된 SS103 균주는 운동성이 있는 gram 양성 간균으로 내생포자를 형성하는 호기성균이었으며, pH 5~9 사이에서 생육하고 생육온도는 2$0^{\circ}C$~$50^{\circ}C$로 내열성이 약한 중온균의 특성을 보였으며, glucose, sucrose, mannitol 및 sorbitol 등의 당 이용 특성을 보였다. 그리고 세포의 지방산 조성은 $C_{15:0}$ anteiso, $C_{17:0}$ cis 형 및 $C_{17:0}$ iso 형이 주된 지방산으로 각각 33.9%, 18.8% 및 16.5%의 분포를 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 분석 겨과를 토대로 SS103 균주는 Bacillus subtilis로 동정되었다. Bacillus subtilis SS103 균주의 최적 배양 조건은 $37^{\circ}C$, 초기배양액 pH 8.0에서 배양시간 48시간으로 나타났으며, 이때 통기량이 높은 경우 효소활성도 높은 특성을 보였다.을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1383-1394
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• 2011

Environmental impacts of suspended solids (SS) released in coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction can cause serious damages to coastal habitats and benthic organisms. Acute toxicity tests (4-7 days) were conducted to identify the relationship between SS concentration and mortality of three marine benthic species; benthic copepod (Tigriopus japonicus) adult, Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) spat, and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry. Benthic copepod was the most sensitive to SS followed by olive flounder fry and Pacific abalone spat, with an $LC_{50}$ (lethal concentration of 50% mortality) value of 61.0 mg/L and LOEC (lowest observed effective concentration) value of 31.3 mg/L for benthic copepod. LOEC and 7 day-$LC_{50}$ for Pacific abalone spat were 500.0 mg/L and 1887.7 mg/L, and those for olive flounder fry were 125.0 mg/L and 156.9 mg/L, respectively. The tolerance limits of the test species to SS revealed the various concentration ranges of SS, which reflects the physiology and ecology of the test species. These results are very valuable for the determination of SS concentration of effluents released into the coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction etc. Also, sharp increase of SS can cause long-term damages to the benthic and sessile fauna by blanketing of benthic substratum. These experimental procedures for marine bioassay and acute toxicity results can be a useful guideline for practical management planning of SS discharge into coastal area.