• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2016

Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)은 자연계에 널리 분포하는 화합물로 세포호흡과 항산화제로서 그 기능이 잘 알려졌지만, 최근 유전자들의 발현 조절자로서의 가능성도 제시되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 산란계에서 CoQ10의 첨가 급이가 콜레스테롤과 지방산 대사관련 유전자들의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 실시하였다. Lohmann Brown(40주령) 36수를 CoQ10의 첨가원에 따라 대조군(CON, basal diet(BD)), CoQ10 건조분말 급여군(T1, BD+CoQ10 100 mg/kg 사료) 및 CoQ10 건조분말 유화처리군(T2, BD+micellar of CoQ10 100 mg/kg 사료) 등 모두 3처리구로 설정하여 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험 종료 후 각 개체의 간으로부터 total RNA를 추출하고, real-time PCR을 이용하여 유전자들의 발현을 분석하였다. 콜레스테롤 합성 과정에서 주요 조절 효소인 HMGCoA reductase(HMGCR)의 유전자 발현은 대조구에 비하여 CoQ10 분말첨가인 T1과 유화처리된 T2 처리구에서 모두 약 50%씩 억제되었다(p<0.05). 내생 콜레스테롤의 합성을 촉진시키는 전사인자인 SREBP2 mRNA 발현 또한 대조구와 비교해서 T1과 T2에서 각각 30%와 40% 감소하였다(p<0.05). CoQ10의 첨가 급이는 대조구에 비하여 liver X receptor(LXR) 유전자가 약 30~35% 그 발현이 억제되었으며, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs)1 또한 T2에서 약 40% 유전자 발현이 감소하였다(P<0.05). 전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 XBP1은 CoQ10에 의하여 약 15~40% 수준으로 효과적으로 억제됨을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 세포 내부로의 에너지 공급원인 포도당의 흡수를 담당하는 GLUT2는 약 35~60% 그리고 GLUT8은 약 25~30%의 유전자발현 각각 감소함을 보였다(p<0.05). CoQ10의 섭취는 중성지방 합성을 위한 지방합성효소(FASN)의 유전자 발현을 분말처리군에서 약 30%, 유화처리군에서 약 65% 억제됨을 확인하였다(P<0.05). 본 연구결과는 CoQ10 첨가급여가 콜레스테롤 및 지방대사 관련 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치며, 세포내 콜레스테롤과 지방의 생성도 억제할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.180-193
• /
• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a major cause of metabolic disorders; to prevent obesity, research is ongoing to develop natural and safe ingredients with few adverse effects. In this study, we determined the anti-obesity effects of Rosa multiflora root extract (KWFD-H01) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: The anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats were examined using various assays, including Oil Red O staining, gene expression analyses, protein expression analyses, and blood biochemical analyses. RESULTS: KWFD-H01 reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibited the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 cells. KWFD-H01 also reduced body weight, weight gain, and the levels of triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and leptin, while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin in SD rats. PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS protein expression was inhibited in the epididymal fat of SD rats. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results confirm the anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats, indicating their potential as baseline data for developing functional health foods or pharmaceuticals to control obesity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.246-256
• /
• 2022

The present study focused on the potential mechanism of betulin (BT), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the bark of white birch (Betula pubescens), against chronic alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and metaflammation. AML-12 and RAW 264.7 cells were administered ethanol (EtOH), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or BT. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing 5% EtOH for 4 weeks, followed by single EtOH gavage on the last day and simultaneous treatment with BT (20 or 50 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per day. In vitro, MTT showed that 0-25 mM EtOH and 0-25 µM BT had no toxic effect on AML-12 cells. BT could regulate sterolregulatory-element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), lipin1/2, P2X7 receptor (P2X7r) and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) expressions again EtOH-stimulation. Oil Red O staining also indicated that BT significantly reduced lipid accumulation in EtOH-stimulated AML-12 cells. Lipin1/2 deficiency indicated that BT might mediate lipin1/2 to regulate SREBP1 and P2X7r expression and further alleviate lipid accumulation and inflammation. In vivo, BT significantly alleviated histopathological changes, reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and regulated lipin1/2, SREBP1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ) and PGC-1α expression compared with the EtOH group. BT reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors and blocked the P2X7r-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, BT attenuated lipid accumulation and metaflammation by regulating the lipin1/2-mediated P2X7r signaling pathway.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.4.1-4.15
• /
• 2022

Background: Flavonoids are natural polyphenols found widely in citrus fruit and peel that possess anti-adipogenic effects. On the other hand, the detailed mechanisms for the antiadipogenic effects of flavonoids are unclear. Objectives: The present study observed the anti-adipogenic effects of five major citrus flavonoids, including hesperidin (HES), narirutin (NAR), nobiletin (NOB), sinensetin (SIN), and tangeretin (TAN), on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells. Methods: The intracellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents were quantified by Oil-red O staining and TG assay, respectively. The glucose uptake was assessed using 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) assay. The levels of AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) phosphorylation, and levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) expression were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The potential interaction between the flavonoids and the γ-subunit of AMPK was investigated by molecular docking analysis. Results: The flavonoid treatment reduced both intracellular lipid accumulation and TG content in PA-treated HepG2 cells significantly. In addition, the flavonoids showed increased 2-NBDG uptake in an insulin-independent manner in PA-treated HepG2 cells. The flavonoids increased the AMPK, ACC, and GSK3β phosphorylation levels and decreased the SREBP-2 and HMGCR expression levels in PA-treated HepG2 cells. Molecular docking analysis showed that the flavonoids bind to the CBS domains in the regulatory γ-subunit of AMPK with high binding affinities and could serve as potential AMPK activators. Conclusion: The overall results suggest that the anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids on PA-treated HepG2 cells results from the activation of AMPK by flavonoids.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.632-637
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT: Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.161-172
• /
• 2024

본 연구에서는 모싯잎 에탄올 추출물이 첨가된 산업용 배지에 유산균(L. plantarum JBLAB0101와 L. rhamnosus GG(LGG)) 발효특성을 확인하였고, 발효물에 대한 항비만 효능 분석을 수행하였다. 유산균 발효기간 중 이화학적특성(pH, 총산도), 생균수, 유기산 및 유리당 함량을 분석하였다. 생균수는 발효 4일 차에 최대치로 8.75-8.85 log CFU/mL로 확인되었으며, 이에 따라 pH는 6.58-6.66에서 3.74-3.79로 감소하였고, 총산도는 0.39-0.40%에서 2.07-2.19%로 증가하였다. Lactic acid는 발효 4일 차에 1,676.03-1,910.12 mg%로 증가하였으며, glucose는 L. plantarum 균주에서 모두 소모되었고, LGG 균주는 348.35 mg% 잔존하였다. 항비만 효능 평가는 pancreatic lipase 저해활성과 3T3-L1 세포주를 이용한 지질분화억제능(지질축적률, 렙틴 생성량 및 PPAR-γ 및 SREBP-1c 유전자의 mRNA 발현량)을 분석하였다. 모싯잎 추출물 첨가 산업용 배지에 접종된 균주의 이름과 배양유무에 따라 비발효물(UFRL), JBLAB0101 발효물(FRLPLA) 및 LGG 발효물(FRLLGG)로 구분하였다. Lipase 저해활성은 UFRL, FRLPLA 및 FRLLGG을 동일농도 0.5 mg/mL에 처리 시 각각 12.19%, 30.10% 및 25.63%로 확인되었다. 3T3-L1 세포주에 FRLPLA를 200 ㎍/mL 처리함에 따라 비처리구에 비해 지질축적률, 렙틴 생성량, PPAR-γ 및 SREBP-1c 유전자의 mRNA 발현량이 각각 37.54%, 54.64%, 24.18% 및 31.32% 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 항비만 효능이 있는 모싯잎 추출물이 첨가된 산업용 배지에 L. plantarum JBLAB0101 균주와 LGG 균주의 유산발효가 항비만 효능 증진 가능성이 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권12호
• /
• pp.1899-1907
• /
• 2013

복분자 미숙과 물추출물이 콜레스테롤 개선에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 간세포주(HepG2 cells)에서 복분자 미숙과 물추출물은 SREBPs를 증가시킴으로써 혈액 내에 LDL을 LDL receptor를 통해서 세포 안으로 흡수시키고, 콜레스테롤 합성에 관여하는 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 억제하면서 체내 콜레스테롤을 조절하였다. 그러나 HDL의 생성에 관여하는 유전자(ABCA1, SR-B1)는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결과적으로 복분자 미숙과 물추출물이 LDL receptor를 통해서 LDL을 억제시키고 체내에서는 콜레스테롤 생합성을 억제하였으며, HDL의 생성에는 관여를 하지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 ApoB1/ApoA1 ratio 값을 통해서 동맥경화 지표를 확인해 본 결과 유의성 있게 수치가 감소함을 확인하였고, 이는 미숙과 물추출물이 콜레스테롤을 개선하여 동맥경화를 예방할 것으로 기대한다. 또한 대식세포(RAW 264.7 cells)에서 복분자 미숙과 물추출물이 CD 36, SR-A 수용체를 억제시킴으로 인해 세포 내의 ox-LDL 의 흡수를 차단시키고, 세포 안에서는 macrophage에 있는 PPAR-${\gamma}$를 억제시킴으로 인해 LDL 산화가 억제되었다. Adipophilin의 활성이 억제됨에 따라 세포 안에 있는 콜레스테롤 방출을 촉진시킴으로 인해 동맥경화를 완화시킬 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.364-372
• /
• 2015

이 연구는 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이를 12주 동안 랫트에게 공급하여 복분자와 홍삼, 복분자와 홍삼 발효 추출물의 지질대사 및 비만 개선효과를 조사하였다. 정상식이, 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이, 양성대조군, 유산균발효군, 복분자와 홍삼, 복분자와 홍삼 발효 추출물 투여군의 체중증가, 음수, 식이 섭취량은 그룹간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤은 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이와 비교 했을 때 복분자와 홍삼 발효 추출물에서 유의적인 증가를 보였으며, LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 유의적인 감소율을 보였다. 또한, 간 조직에서 복분자와 홍삼 발효추출물 처치에 의해 HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptor 및 SREBP-2 mRNA의 발현 증가와 지방생성 억제를 확인하였다. 그리고 복분자와 홍삼 발효 추출물 투여군은 비만인자인 혈중 leptin과 FAS의 농도를 유의적으로 감소시켰을 뿐만 아니라 대변에서 체내 콜레스테롤 배출을 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 복분자와 홍삼 발효 추출물은 혈중 지질 대사 및 비만의 예방에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.100-107
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-lipogenic effect of Sobuncheong-eum on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid induced cellular model. Methods : HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate for 24h to overload intracellular triglyceride (TG) content in the presence or absence of Sobuncheong-eum extract. After palmitate treatment, Intracellular TG content was measured with TG assay kit. Several lipogenesis related markers, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), were assessed using Western-blot analyses and RT-PCR. Results : Palmitate markedly increased intracellular TG in HepG2 cells, and which were alleviated by coadministered Sobuncheong-eum extract. Sobuncheong-eum extract activated AMPK, which plays a key role in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and reduced lipogenic fators, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS. Conclusions : Taken together, it is conceivable that Sobuncheong-eum has an potential to alleviate steatosis, and which may be mediated by activating AMPK at least in part.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.568-579
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Hepatic steatosis is the most common liver disorder, particularly in postmenopausal women. This study investigated the protective effects of standardized rice bran extract (RBS) on ovariectomized (OVX)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: HepG2 cells were incubated with 200 µM oleic acid to induce lipid accumulation with or without RBS and γ-oryzanol. OVX rats were separated into three groups and fed a normal diet (ND) or the ND containing 17β-estradiol (E2; 10 ㎍/kg) and RBS (500 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. RESULTS: RBS supplementation improved serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in OVX rats. Histological analysis showed that RBS significantly attenuated hepatic fat accumulation and decreased hepatic lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, RBS suppressed the estrogen deficiency-induced upregulation of lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. CONCLUSIONS: RBS and γ-oryzanol effectively reduced lipid accumulation in a HepG2 cell hepatic steatosis model. RBS improves OVX-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the SREBP1-mediated activation of lipogenic genes, suggesting the benefits of RBS in preventing fatty liver in postmenopausal women.