• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.121-133
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• 2020

Campylobacter spp. are a type of microaerophilic bacteria that cause human foodborne illnesses worldwide. Among the various types of Campylobacter spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli account for 90% of foodborne campylobacteriosis. Generally, poultry meats are known to be a primary cause of campylobacteriosis; however, several other types of foods have also been reported to cause campylobacteriosis. Particularly, raw milk has been directly linked to Campylobacter infections among many foodborne illnesses, and cases of campylobacteriosis caused because of the ingestion of unpasteurized raw milk have been recorded worldwide. This review reports (1) general information, history, and nomenclature of Campylobacter spp., (2) epidemiology of Campylobacter spp., (3) detection of Campylobacter spp. from foods including milk and dairy products, and (4) review of methods for controlling the growth Campylobacter spp.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.144-148
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• 2013

Candida spp. are yeast form fungi, which cause an opportunistic infections in a immune suppressed patients however it is a normal flora of the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system, and the urogenital system of healthy person. It is investigated that the distribution of Candida spp. cause an oral disease from oral cavity of healthy people and also identified Candia dubliniensis. Distribution and identification of the yeast form fungi in oral cavities of healthy people was investigated by an automatic identifier, VITEK2 system. We found 21 strains of Candida albicans, 3 strains of Candida famata, one strain of Candida tropicalis, Candida haemulonii, Candida krusei, and Candida dubliniensis. In addition, one strain of Cryptococcus spp., Saccharomyces spp., and two unknown strains were isolated. Candida dubliniensis which forms a mass by more than 2 chlamydospores was isolated from a healthy person for the first time. Candida dubliniensis was not grown at $42^{\circ}C$ whereas Candida albicans was grown well. It is known that Candida dubliniencis was isolated in AIDS while it is found in healthy people from this study, which will be helpful to investigate the distribution of Candida spp.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2006

It's a case of the goat farm reared about 60 heads in Imsil county was outbreak Moniezia expensa infection. And 18 heads of less than 6 month olds goat were died. During the 2005 summer, morbidity and accumulative mortality were more than 60% and 30%, respectively less than 6 month young goat. Most young goat were suffer from diarrhea, severe weight losses, emaciations, and died. In necropsy, there were about 0.7-2.5m of 2-8 adult M expensa in the small intestinal lumen, swollen mesenteric lymph nodes. Slight hemorrhages were seen in lung and moderate hemorrhages were seen in mucous membrane of small intestine. Also various species (Trichostrongylus spp, Haemonchus spp, Eimeria spp) of parasite eggs were seen in fecal test. Pasteurella hemolytica was identified in lung by the API kit (Biomerieux Co. Ltd) for biochemical test. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, tyrosine, gentamycin, enrofloxacin, and norflocxacin were selected sensitive antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1984

Seasonal and spatial variations in propagule numbers of Trichoderma species were investigated every other month for one year in deciduous and coniferous forest soils and evaluated the relationships of Trichoderma spp. populations to soil environmental factors. The total population of Trichoderma spp. increased until summer and then declined until winter. The yearly mean frequency of Trichoderma spp. exceeded 1.4% of total fungal propagules in two sites. Decreases of absolute an relative propagule numbers of Trichoderma spp. with increasing soil depth were found and variation in Trichoderma spp. propagules caused by differences in soil depth ($0{\sim}50cm$) was greater than that caused by differences in sampling time. The most common species occurring in two sites was T. viride, followed by T. polysporum, T. koningii, and T. hamatum. Individual species of Trichoderma showed diferent abundance trend in accordance with sampling time. T. viride was dorminant from spring to autumn, while T. polysporum dominated over the other speicies in winter. Variations in propagule number of Trichoderma sppp. were principally mediated by the actions of biotic environmental factors rather than by the direct effects of abiotic factors. In multiple-regression analyses, 48% of the total vaiation in Trichoderma spp. propagules in deciduous site could be accounted for by total fungal propagules and soil CMCase actvity. In coniferous site, 65% of total variation could be accounted for by total fungal and bacterial propagules, moisture content and organic carbon content.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.566-574
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the outbreak rate and the causative agents of otitis externa in 26 dogs (49 ears ; 23 dogs = bilateral, 3 dogs = unilateral), and the normal microfloras of external ear canal in 68 dogs(133 ears ; 65 dogs = bilateral, 3 dogs = unilateral ) in Taegu, 1997. The breed, living environment, sex, age and season distribution of otitic dogs were as follows : Dogs with erect and hairy ears(42.3%), pendulous and hairy ears(38.5%), indoor(92.3%), female(65.4%) and below one year old(38.5%) were more prevalent. According to season, otitis externa was mainly occurred between July and October. The major causative agents of canine otitis externa were Malassezia pachydermatis (32.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.5%) and S intermedius (16.3%). In the microorganism isolated 39 otitic ear canals, single infection was 53.8% and mixed infection was 46.2%. The normal microfloras of canine external ear canal were fungi including M pachydermatis, Aspergillus spp, Microsporum canis, Alternaria spp, Verticillium spp and Yeast, and bacteria including Staphylococcus spp(10 species including S xylosus), Bacillus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Listeria spp, Actinomyces pyogenes and Escherichia coli. No growth was 34.6%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2005

Epidemiological characteristics of a total of 48 swine herd with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea in Gyeongsang-do between 1999 and 2000 were performed to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella spp., their serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns with respect to the different stages of swine production system. A total of 139 Salmonella spp. (21%) were isolated from 662 fecal samples and the overall herd prevalence of Salmonella spp. ranged from 12.5% to 88%. The average prevalence of Salmonella spp. from swine stages of suckling/nursery, grow/finisher and sow stage were 25.7%, 19.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Ten serotypes of Salmonella spp. were identified with a predominance of S. Typhimurium, S. Derby and S. Agona. Twenty-five isolates (18%) were found to be untypable. One hundred and two Salmonella isolates (73.4%) resistant to more than 1 antibiotic were characterized by 24 diverse resistance patterns, and their frequency of antibiotic resistance was highest in grow/finisher stage (83.3%). Resistance to tetracycline (TE; 67.6%), sulfamethoxazole (SU; 46.8%) and streptomycin (ST; 28%) was most common and the most common resistance patterns were TE SU (31.4%), TE (21.6%) and TE SU ST (20.6%) in order.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2011

Wildlife has been recognized that has important role as reservoir hosts of disease affecting both people and livestocks. However, information intestinal helminths of Korean water deer were limited. We obtained 20 feces from Korean water deers that were transferred to veterinary hospital in Chungbuk National University from May 2010 to June 2011. Parasite ova were collected using saturated zinc sulfate floatation method. Parasite eggs were examined and measured using light microscope. The identification of parasitic eggs was done by morphological characters. The overall infection rate of parasite was 85% (n=17). The eggs were observed as being Nematodirus spp. (n=14), strongyles egg (n=11), Capillaria spp. (n=9), Trichuris spp. (n=7), Eimeria spp. (n=4), Ogmocotyle spp. (n=3), and Strongyloides (n=1). Mixed infection rate was observed as being single 15% (n=3), double 20% (n=3), triple 15% (n=3), quadruple 30% (n=6), and quintuple 5% (n=1). The Ogmocotyle spp. was first reported in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 1993

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=262), laying hen(n=244), parent stock(n=207) and native stock(n=287) in Chonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and /or sedimentation methods and microscopical examination, respectively. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 4 flocks(total=1,000) was 65.7%. 2. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 84.0％ as native stock (floor breeding, 241 chicken), 79.7％ as parent stock (floor breeding, 165 chickens), 73.3% as broiler(floor breeding, 192 chicken) and 24.2% as laying hen(cage breeding, 59 chicken), in order. 3. In the concern of mixed infection such as single, double and triple, the rate was 55.1%, 8.7% and 1.9%, respectively. 4. Ten kinds of infective eggs were isolated from 657 fecal sample of 4 flock. They were classified 51.l% as Eimeria spp., 12.7% as Ascaridia galli, 5.1% as Capillaria spp., 4.1% as Strongyloides avium, 2.3% as Heterakis gallinarum, 0.5% as Hymenolepis spp., 0.3% as Railleina spp. and 0.2% as Syngamus spp., Trichostrongilus spp., or Choanoteania spp., single or in combination.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1998

As a part of investigation for listeriosis, we attmepted iolationof Listeria spp. from commerical frozen and refrigerated foods at the supermarket level. Seven strains of Listeria spp. were isolate from 6 samples (7.15) among 84 samples of frozen foods, and ten strains of Listeria spp. were also isolated from 8 samples (7.6%)_ among 105 samples of refrigerated foods at the supermarkets in Pusan area. From a total of 189 commerical foods, the number of isolated Listeria spp. and ratio were 6 strains(3.25) of L. grayi, one strain (0.5%) of L. welshimeri, 6 strains (3.2%) of L. innocua and 4 strains (2.15) of L monocytogenes. Listeria spp. isolates except L. monocytogenes did not show $\beta$-hemolysis on blood agar and positive reaction in CAMP test with Staphyloccccus aureus. In the antibiotic susceptibility,most isolates of Listeria spp. were susceptible to 12 antibiotics such as ampicillin , cephalotin, penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, kanamycin, vancomycin, tobramycin, carbenicillin , tetracycline and trimethoprim /sulfamethoxiazole. Four strains of L. monocytogenes were susceptible to ntibiotics used in this study except nitrofurantio. The serotype of 3 strains and one strain of L. monocytogenes were classified into Listeria O serotype 1 and 4, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.443-461
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• 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplementation of riboflavin (as a bile salt hydrolase [BSH] inhibitor) and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and woody breast of male broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Intestinal bacteria, including supplemented probiotics, can produce BSH enzymes that deconjugate conjugated bile salts and reduce fat digestion. A 3 × 2 × 2 (riboflavin × Bacillus subtilis × Eimeria spp. challenge) factorial arrangement of treatments in randomized complete block design was used. On d 14, birds were gavaged with 20× doses of commercial cocci vaccine (Coccivac^R -B52, Merck Animal Health, Omaha, NE). Dietary treatment of riboflavin and B. subtilis did not affect body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FCR) d 0 to 14 and overall d 0 to 41. Eimeria spp challenge reduced BWG, feed intake (FI), and increased FCR between d 14 to 28, but increased BWG and lowered FCR between d 28 to 35. There were no effects of the Eimeria spp. challenge on the overall d 0 to 41 FCR and FI, but BWG was reduced. Eimeria spp. challenge increased the abdominal fat pad weight and slight woody breast incidences on processed birds on d 42. Dietary inclusion of B. subtilis and riboflavin at tested levels did not help birds to mitigate the negative impact of Eimeria spp. challenge to enhance the growth performance.