• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 1996

Retrospective study on the comparison of outbreaks of food poisoning for food hygiene in Korea and Japan. The average value of morbidity rate by year in Korea during the period of 1971 to 1992 was 2.9 per 100,000 population, and that of Japan was 29.1. The mean value of mortality rates in case of food poisoning by year in Korea was 2.33%, and that of Japan was 0.07%. When compared the rates of morbidity and mortality between Korea and Japan during the same period, the morbidity rates of Japan were much higher than those of Korea (p<0.01). However, mortality rate of patients in Korea were much higher then those of Japan(p<0.01). Resulting from comparative observation of food poisoning by preparing facilities between Korea and Japan. The highest list the places where the outbreaks occurred was home-made foods accounted for 48.8% of the total cases in Korea and that of Japan was restaurants accounted for 33.0%. Causative foods in Korea, the most common incrimination vehicles were seafood, meat and animal products and grain and vegetables, including mushroom. However, in the case of the common incrimination vehicles Japan were unknown and other foods, seafood, vegetables and meat and animal products etc.. Food poisoning of pathogenic substance in Korea were 60.9% of bacterial food poisoning of the total cases showing that Vibrio species, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., pathogenic E. coli, Clostridium spp. and other spp. were 33.3%, 26.2%, 16.3%, 5.3%, 0.4% and 18.5%, respectively. On the other hand, in Japan, major causes were Vibrio spp. (45.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (23.7%), Salmonella spp. (16.8%), pathogenic E. coli (3.8%), Clostridium spp. (0.2%) and other spp. (9.6%).

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.20
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

Archaeological investigations carried out in the Chilgok Housing Land Development Area have identified large-scale settlements from the Bronze Age and Three Kingdoms periods. The settlement site in Dongcheon-dong, Daegu was found to include sites of pit dwellings, buildings with elevated floors, stone coffin tombs, wells, catchment basins, stone mounds, furrows, cropland, moats, and river channels. These findings offer insight into diverse aspects of settlements during the Bronze Age. This study analyzed the species of trees that produced the materials for eight wooden artifacts excavated from a Bronze-Age river channel site. The analysis identified two examples of Pinus spp., two examples of Abies spp., and four examples of Quercus sp. The three artifacts of undetermined use were made using wood from Pinus spp. and Abies spp. Among the five artifacts identified as building components, one was made from Pinus spp. and four were made from Quercus sp.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 2012

Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii), a Gram-negative bacillus, is a rare cause of meningitis and central nervous system infections. In England, the first case infected by this organism occurred in 1958. By July 2008, approximately 120 documented cases of Cronobacter spp. infection and at least 27 deaths have been identified from all around the world in the published literature and in reports submitted by public health sectors. In 2007, it was proposed by European organizations that the original taxonomy of E. sakazakii would be revised, to consist of five new species moved to a new genus, and identified as "Cronobacter". E. sakazakii has thus now been reclassified as 6 separate species in the new genus, Cronobacter, gen. nov., within the Enterobacteriaceae family. The new species are presently Cronobacter sakazakii, C. turicensis, C. malonaticus, C. muytjensii, and C. dublinensis; the sixth species is identified simply as genomospecies I, as currently including only two representative strains. The objectives of this review are to provide insight on (1) the classification and taxonomy of Cronobacter spp., (2) its clinical etiology and pathogenicity, (3) prequency of Cronobacter spp. in different categories of ready-to-eat food other than infant formula, (4) methods for detecting, isolating and typing Cronobacter spp., and (5) recent research trends for detecting Cronobacter spp.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.242-247
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• 1992

Twenty strains of pentachlorophnol (PCP) resistant bacteria were isolated from activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant of Jung Lang Chun, Seoul. The predominant strains were Bacillus spp. including B. sphaericus and E. schlegelii. The other strains were identified as Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Arthrobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp. The resistant strains could be grouped into two categories; PCP-degrading and PCP-adsorbing/absorbing ones. PCP-degrading strains degraded $75{\sim}90%$ of PCP in the medium containing 100 ppm PCP during the first 24 hours of growth. At the initial period the PCP-adsorbing/absorbing strains removed PCP from the medium but started to release PCP after 24 or 72 hours of growth. PCP degradation products from the culture broth of PCP-degrading strains were identified by comparing their $R_f$ values with those of the reference compounds. 2-chlorophenol and 2.4-dichlorophenol were presumed to be the intermediate products of PCP degradation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2018

Cryptosporidium is the most common protozoan that can infect a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Avian Cryptosporidium spp. can cause enteric and respiratory diseases which can be fatal in birds and some species are zoonotic. Companion birds have the potential as reservoir due to their close contact with humans. Pet shops are the major source of companion birds. However, few reports are available regarding Cryptosporidium spp. infection among companion birds kept in pet shops. The present study reports the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. among companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan. A total of 265 fresh fecal samples were obtained from birds kept in 4 pet shops; these birds belonged to 41 species in 3 bird orders. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the small subunit rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. A total of 24 samples (9.1%) were positive, and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected from all pet shops. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in each of the bird orders was 6.5% (10/153) in Psittaciformes, 14.4% (13/90) in Passeriformes, and 4.5% (1/22) in Galliformes. Based on sequence analysis, 13 (54.2%) isolates were classified to C. galli, 8 (33.3%) were avian genotype III, and the remaining 3 (12.5%) were C. baileyi. No infection with zoonotic C. meleagridis and no coinfection with multiple Cryptosporidium spp. and/or genotypes were observed. The zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. infecting companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan is likely to be low.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.206-209
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• 2002

From February through March 2002, sixteen rockfishes representing three species were collected from Oregon Coast Aquarium and Newport fish market and examined far nematodes. During this study, a total of 157 Anisakis type larvae were recovered from Sebastes spp. and parasitized for an average infection prevalence of 50.0%. The yellowtail rockfish, S. flavidus, darkblotched rockfish, S. crameri, and canary rockfish, S. pinniger examined were infected with 110 Anisakis simplex larva, 30 Contracaecum spp. larva and 17 Pseudoterranova decipiens larva. Of the rockfishes examined, 75.0% carried Sebastes crameri, and 12.5% S. flavidus and S. crameri, respectively. The sites of infection far Anisakis type larvae were the intestine, omentum, and stomach walls. A. simplex larvae infected 60.0% on S. crameri and 33.3% on S.flavidus and S. pinniger respectively. The prevalence of Contracaecum sp. larvae and Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae on S. pinniger was 33.3%. The intensities of A. simplex larvae ranged from 1 to 87 in S. flavidus, S. crameri, and S. pinniger. The intensity of Contracaecum spp. larvae and P. decipiens larvae ranged from 0 to 30 in S. pinniger.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2015

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and to identify risk factors associated with Neospora spp. infection in horses in Jordan. Management related data were collected from each farm and individual horses. Sera from 227 horses from 5 of 6 climatic regions in Jordan were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Neospora spp. by ELISA kit. The study was performed during spring of 2010. The association between seropositivity and risk factors was analyzed. A total of 7 (3%) of 227 sera had antibodies for Neospora spp. There was a significant regional difference (P=0.018) between the 5 climatic regions. Positive cases were located in Amman and Irbid, while the other regions (Zarqa, Jordan Valley, and Wadi Mousa) had zero prevalence. The use of anthelmintics at least once a year resulted in a significant reduction of the seroprevalence to Neospora spp. (1.6% vs 9.8%). However, this might be a phenomenon by chance and a better hygiene since owners can invest in anthelmintics. Other risk factors such as age, gender, breed, usage, body condition score, grazing, presence of other animals mixed with the horses in the same property, and a history of previous diseases were not significantly associated with the seroprevalence to Neospora spp. infection. This is the first study to report on the presence of Neospora seropositive horses in Jordan. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role of certain risk factors in the transmission of Neospora spp. among horse population and to determine which Neospora spp. are responsible for the infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples. A total of 50 (4.9%) Pseudomonas spp. was isolated from 1,023 samples, those collected between 2018 and 2021, derived from 110 dairy farms. The prevalence of the identified species of Pseudomonas isolates was as follows; P. aeruginosa (70.0%), P. fluorescens (14.0%), P. putida (10.0%), P. fragi (4.0%), and P. chlororaphis (2.0%). Most of somatic cell counts in the quarter milk carrying Pseudomonas spp. were less than 3,000,000 cell/ml (90.0%). The isolates of Pseudomonas spp. showed high susceptibility to cefepime (98.0%), ciprofloxacin (98.0%), ceftazidime (96.0%), and colistin (96.0%). The rate of antibiotic resistance in the isolates was highest to ceftiofur (92.0%), followed by the resistance rate to chloramphenicol (86.0%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (80.0%). In addition, there is a remarkable difference in antimicrobial resistance pattern among Pseudomonas species. P. aeruginosa and P. putida showed a similar resistance pattern, whereas P. fluorescens showed exceptionally lower resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and chloramphenicol than that of the other species. This study showed that prevalence of Pseudomonas spp. other than P. aeruginosa were 30.0% in bovine mastitis milk, and the occurrence rate of antibiotic resistance were similar or higher level, compared with the previous reports on the mastitisderived Pseudomonas spp. isolated in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-227
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• 2002

Moth orchid plants with yellowing blight and root rot symptoms were collected, and a total of 54 isolates of Fusarium spp. was obtained from roots and leaf bases of the diseased plants. The isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of the 54 isolates of Fusarium spp., 42 isolates were identified as F. solani, 5 isolates as F. oxysporum, and 7 as F. proliferatum. Isolates of the three Fusarium spp. were tested for pathogenicity to moth orchid plants by artificial inoculation. All the Fusarium spp. induced root rot of the host plants. The symptoms progressed up to the basal part of the leaves, which later caused yellowing blight. The symptoms induced on the plants by artificial inoculation with the Fusarium spp. isolates were similar to those observed in greenhouses. The present study reveals that F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. solani cause root rot of moth orchid, and that F. solani is the main pathogen of the disease.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.121-133
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• 2020

Campylobacter spp. are a type of microaerophilic bacteria that cause human foodborne illnesses worldwide. Among the various types of Campylobacter spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli account for 90% of foodborne campylobacteriosis. Generally, poultry meats are known to be a primary cause of campylobacteriosis; however, several other types of foods have also been reported to cause campylobacteriosis. Particularly, raw milk has been directly linked to Campylobacter infections among many foodborne illnesses, and cases of campylobacteriosis caused because of the ingestion of unpasteurized raw milk have been recorded worldwide. This review reports (1) general information, history, and nomenclature of Campylobacter spp., (2) epidemiology of Campylobacter spp., (3) detection of Campylobacter spp. from foods including milk and dairy products, and (4) review of methods for controlling the growth Campylobacter spp.