• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.559-564
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• 2004

최근들어 광범위한 지역의 삼차원 국토정보 취득을 위한 고해상도 위성영상의 센서모형화 기법에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. IKONOS나 SPOT 5호와 같은 고해상도 위성영상의 모형화에 앞서 본 연구에서는 각종 응용분야에서 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 SPOT 3호 위성영상을 대상으로 지상기준점을 이용하여 경사촬영(off-nadir viewing)각을 추정하는 기법을 개발하였다. 추정된 경사촬영각은 영상좌표를 보정하는데 사용되었으며 2차원 부등각사상변환을 이용하여 기존의 모형화 방법 보다 간결하고 정확도가 향상된 모형화 기법을 제안하였다. 또한, 기존의 엄밀 센서 모형화 방법을 대체하고 있는 위성영상의 센서모형화를 위한 다양한 방법들이 제안되고 있기 때문에, 2차원 부등각사상변환, 직접선형변환(DLT), 자체검정-DLT(SDLT)등의 추상화된 모형화 방법을 SPOT 위성영상에 대해 기준점 수의 변화에 따라 검사점을 이용하여 수평성분, 수직성분으로 나누어 정확도를 비교 분석하였다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2009

Localized unprecedented torrential rain and heavy rainfall cause repeated damages and make it difficult to detect and predict the landslide caused by heavy rainfall. To analyze the landslide characteristics of Inje area this study used satellite images photographed after the occurrence of landslide caused by the typhoon Ewiniar occurred in July, 2006, and for GIS analysis purpose, interpreted the satellite images (SPOT5) visually to digitize into developing parts, water traveling parts and sediment parts. For analysis of spatial characteristics, landslide areas obtained from visual interpretation of digital map, 3rd & 4th forest vegetation maps and detailed soil map and grids were overlaid and analyzed. As a result, in regard to topographic features, landslide occurred at places, of which average slope is $26.34^{\circ}$, had south, south-east, south-west aspects and average altitude of 627m. From hydrological analysis, it was found out that water traveling area rapidly spread approaching water traveling area and sediment area. From forest type analysis, it was found out that landslide occurrence was high in pine woods, and in terms of girth class attribute, landslide occurred in small-sized woods, in which the crown occupancy of trees that have the diameter at breast height, 6~16cm, was greater than 50%. From the analysis of soil series, landslide areas constitute 37.85% of OdF and 37.35% of SmF, which had sandy loam soil and excellent drainage capacity. Through this study, landslides in Inje area were characterized and SPOT5 images of 2.5m resolution could be used. But there was a difficulty in determining water traveling parts adjacent to urban area.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.358-363
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• 2003

Spot welded structure is operated in diverse situation because of temperature, humidity and precipitation. In addition factors of environmental pollution such as acid rain, that courses corrosion, have the tendency to increase, But spot welded structure strength is affected by dampness and environment temperatures. Therefore, it is important to evaluate effect of temperature of spot welded part, In this study, the strength distribution of spot welded plates is evaluated about the environmental temperature of zine coated steel plates and test is conducted with welded part immersed in distilled and synthetic sea water. Specimens are immersed into water for 10, 100, 500 and 1000hours to evaluate the effects of water immersion time on tensile-shear strength under the conditions of -40, 0, 20 and $50^{\circ}C$. Strength is evaluated by tensile-shear test. The conditions of spot welding are 240kgf electrode force, 10KA welding current with 0 and 5mm clearance. From this study, spot welded specimens with clearance have lower tensile-shear strength in the distilled water or synthetic sea water comparing with spot welded specimens without clearance. And they have lower tensile-shear strength under $-40^{\circ}C$ and over $50^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.121-126
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• 2002

The railroad cars or the commercial vehicles are generally manufactured by the spot welding. Among various kinds of spot welded lap joints, multi-lap joints are one of popular joints in manufacturing their body structures. But, fatigue strength of these joints are lower than that of base metal due to high stress concentration at the nugget edge of the spot weld and are known to considerably be influenced by welding conditions as well as the mechanical and geometrical factors. Thus, it is necessary to establish a reasonable and systematic fatigue design criterion for spot welded multi-lap joints. In this paper, the $\Delta$P-N$_{f}$ curves has been rearranged in the $\Delta$$\sigma$-N$_{f}$ relation with the maximum stress at the nugget edge of spot welded multi-lap joints subjected to tensile shear load. Consequently, the fatigue data were evaluated in terms of fracture mechanics by plotting on the $\Delta$OP-N$_{f}$ curves. From the results obtained, both of them have been revealed to be applicable to fatigue design of spot welded multi-lap joints. However, the fracture mechanical approach is found to be more effective than the maximum stress approach in the range on N$_{f}$$\geq$2x10$^{5}$ . .

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.644-653
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• 1998

In resistance spot weld, the assurance of weld quality has been a long-standing problem. Since the weld nuggets if resustance spot welding form between the workpieces, visual detection of defects in usually impossible. Welding quality of resistance spot welding can be verified by non destructive and destructive inspections such as X-Ray inspection and testing of weld strength. But these tests, in addition to being time-consuming and costly, can entail risks due to sampling basis. The purpose of this study is the development of the monitoring system based on fuzzy inference, aimed at diagonosis of quality in resistance spot welding. The fuzzy inference system consists of fuzzy input variables, fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules. For inferring the welding quality(strength), the experimental data of the spot welding were acquired in various welding conditions with the monitoring system designed. Some fuzzy input variables-maximum, slop and difference values of electrode movement signals-were extracted from the experimental data. It was confirmed that the fuzzy inference values of strength have a .${\pm}$5% error in comparison with actual values for the selected welding conditions(9-10.5KA, 10-14 cycle, 250-300 $kg_f$). This monitoring system can be useful in improving the quality assurance and reliability of the resistance spot welding process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the fatigue life to apply the vibration fatigue analysis considering the stiffness change of the spot welding due to fatigue damage accumulation. For this, the mechanical and fatigue properties of base and spot welded standard specimens were obtained through the tensile and constant amplitude fatigue test. The transfer function of the spot-welded structure was obtained from the frequency response analysis and fatigue analyisis was performed under the condition of PSD=0.11. A vibration fatigue analysis that considered changes in the frequency response due to the fatigue damage that is, failure of some wleding point was conducted on spot-welded structure. The fatigue life of the spot-welded structure was determined by combining the transfer function, the S-N curve of the tensile-shear spot-welded joint and the input PSD.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper was to examine the dynamics of the price discovery function between lean hog futures and spot markets using the vector error correction model (VECM). The researcher also investigated the existence of the long-run equilibrium relationship between the lean hog futures and spot markets. Daily time series data of lean hog futures and spot observed in the Korean market during the period from 5 Jan. 2011 to 28 Dec. 2012 were analyzed. To examine the price discovery, this study employed the Gonzalo and Granger's (1995) information ratio and Hasbrock's (1995) information ratio measurement method. The significant findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, lean hog futures and spot market are significantly correlated. Secondly, the lean hog future market plays a more dominant role in price discovery than the spot market. Finally, price discovery measures based on the VECM suggested that the lean hog future market plays a more dominant role in price discovery than the lean hog spot market. This is the important systematic empirical work to find the relationship between the lean hog future and spot market.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2003

The technique known as proteomics is useful for characterizing the protein expression pattern of a particular tissue or cell type as well as quantitatively identifying differences in the levels of individual proteins. In present study, we carried out the comparative expression patterns of white and red muscles. We used the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) for analyzing the protein expression. Proteins isolated from porcine white and red muscles were separated by 12% poly-acrylamide gel and then were detected by coomassie blue and silver staining. More than 600 protein spots were detected on each 2-DE gel. By visual analysis of the stained gel, five proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. By database searching based on the molecular weights and pI(isoelectric point) of the five proteins, three of them were found to be most close to troponin I, T and myoglobin. However, further researche is needed for identification and functional analysis of the unidentified proteins. In conclusion, we found five proteins, which are differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins will provide valuable information on biochemical characteristics of the muscle type.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 1974

The chemical structure of glycolipid of Selenomonas ruminantium cell wall was to be elucidated. The bacterial cells were treated in hot TCA and the glycolipid fractions were extracted by the solvent $CHCl_3\;:\;CH_3OH$ (1 : 3). The extracted glycolipids fraction was further separated by acetone extraction. The acetone soluble fraction was named as the spot A-compound. The acetone insoluble but ether soluble fraction was named as the spot B-compound. These two compounds were examined for elucidation of their chemical structure. The results were as follows: 1. The IR spectral analysis showed that O-acyl and N-acyl fatty acids were linked to glucosamine moiety in the spot A-compound. However in the spot B-compound in addition to O and N-acyl acids phosphorus was shown to be attached to glucosamine. 2. It was recognized by gas liquid chromatography that spot A compound contained beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ fatty acid in predominance in addition to the fatty acid with beta-OH $C_{9:0}$, whereas the spot B compound was composed of the predominant fatty acid of beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ with small amount of beta-OH $C_{9:0}$. 3. According to the paper chromatographic analysis of hydrazinolysis products of the spot A compound, a compound of a similar Rf value as the chitobiose was recognized, which indicated a structure of two molecules glucosamine condensed. The low Rf value of the hydrazinolysis product of the spot B-compound confirmed the presence of phosphorus attached to glucosamine. 4. The appearance of arabinose resulting from. ninhydrin decomposition of the acid hydrolyzate of the spot A compound indicated that the amino group is attached to $C_2$ of glucosamine. 5. The amount of glucosamine in the N-acetylated spot A compound decreased in half of the original content by the treatment. with $NaBH_4$, indicating that there are two molecules of glucosamines in the spot A compound. The presence of 1, 6-linkage between two molecules of glucosamine was suggested by the Morgan-Elson reaction and confirmed by the periodate decomposition test. 6. By the action of ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosaminidase the N-acetylated spot A compound was completely decomposed into N-acetyl glucosamine, whereas the spot B compound was not. This indicated the spot A compound has a beta-linkage. 7. When phosphodiesterase or phosphomonoesterase acted on $^{32}P-labeled$ spot B compound, $^{32}P$ was not released by phosphodiesterase, but completely released by phosphomonoesterase. This indicated that one phosphorus is linked to glucosamine moiety. 8. The spot A compound is assumed to have the following chemical structure: That is glucosaminyl, ${\beta}-1$, 6-glucosamine to which O-acyl and N-acyl fatty acids are linked, of which the predominant fatty acid is beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ fatty acid in addition to beta-OH $C_{9:0}$ fatty acid 9. The spot B compound is likely to have the linkage of $glucosaminyl-{\beta}-1$, 6-glucosamine to which phosphorus is linked in monoester linkage. Furthermore both O-acyl and N-acyl fatty acids contained beta-OH $C_{13:0}$ fatty acid predominantly in addition to beta-OH $C_{9:0}$ fatty acid.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.287-300
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• 2013

In this paper, price discovery between spot and futures in crude oil markets investigated using the Gonzalo and Granger and Hasbrouck common-factor models. The main findings are as follows. 1) Crude oil futures and spot market are cointegrated. 2) Following the preceding studies, we judged that Dubai(WTI) futures markets contribute to the price discovery process than Dubai(WTI) spot market when this Gonzalo-Granger and Hasbrouck information ratio for Dubai(WTI) market are larger than 0.5. In other words, the futures markets of Dubai and WTI plays a more dominant role in price discovery than the spot market. 3) But Brent futures market does not contribute to the price discovery process.