• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-56
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• 1989

Shells and operculums of eight species of Bithyniidae, Bithynia leachi, B. tentaculata, B. siamensis, B. misella, B. kiusiuensis, Gabbia australis, B. manchourica and a Bithynia sp. collected from Nepal, were observed, There is no morphological difference between korean populations of B. misella and a Japanese popualtion of B. kiusiuensis. And the shells of these species were simialr to the other Bithynia species rather than Australian Gabbia. The coordinate of the starting point of nuclear spire of operculum(SPN)was species specific and this value had very limited range within a species. The result suggested that Korean and Japanese populations of B. misella and B. kiusiuensis are synonym and the coordinate of SPN will be a useful character in sytematics of operculated snails.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2015

We report a new record of Myurella nebulosa (Sowerby, 1825) collected by SCUBA diving from sandy bottom of subtidal zone in Jeju Island in Korea. The specimen of M. nebulosa is distinguished from its congeners by having slightly plump shell, high spire, distinctive subsutural band, deep axial ribs, numerous and shallow spiral ribs, ivory in color. In this report, we provided a brief morphological description and photographs of M. nebulosa. An unrooted phylogenetic tree for mitochondrial cox1 sequences using NJ analysis found Korean M. nebulosa sample was clustered with its conspecific sequences, but clearly separated from M. columellaris that is not easy to distinguishable based on external shell morphology alone.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2020

The management of rectal cancer is a major undertaking. There are currently multiple treatment modalities with variable degrees of complications. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the more frequently used modalities either on its own or more frequently with chemotherapy mostly before the definitive surgery. The outcome of RT is unpredictable. RT has its serious side effects and there are no guarantees of its usefulness in all patients. This article outlines the effect of RT on the tumor, reviews the various staging systems of responses to RT and present recent evidence of which case is less responsive to such treatments to avoid unnecessary complications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2024

컨테이너 기반 애플리케이션 개발의 증가와 마이크로서비스 아키텍처의 보급으로 컨테이너 클러스터 내 워크로드 간 안전한 통신이 중요해지고 있다. 또한, 최근에는 단일 클러스터 환경이 아닌 멀티 클라우드 등의 도입과 함께 다중 클러스터 환경이 점차 증가하면서 서로 다른 클러스터의 서비스 간 통신에 대한 보안 역시 강조되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이러한 요구사항을 충족시키기 위해 다중 클러스터 환경에서의 서비스 간 상호 인증 및 통신 암호화를 구현하고자 한다. 특히, 서비스 간 상호 인증이 가능한 mTLS (Mutual TLS)를 SPIFFE/ SPIRE 를 이용하여 구현하고, 이를 다시 확장하여 단일 클러스터 뿐만 아니라 다중 클러스터에서도 동일한 상호 인증 체계 및 통신 암호화를 사용할 수 있도록 하므로 컨테이너 환경 전반에 걸친 보안성과 신뢰성을 향상시키고자 한다.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2012

The Herschel Space Observatory is the European Space Agency's state of the art infrared space telescope launched into space on 14 May 2009, covering the wavelength range from 70-700 microns with 3 instruments SPIRE, PACS and HIFI. Large area surveys are being carried out by Herschel in the AKARI legacy fields at the North and South Ecliptic Poles and the AKARI All-Sky Survey provides additional synergy with the largest survey with Herschel, H-ATLAS, covering more than 500 square degrees. This paper reports on some of the early results of these synergies between Herschel and AKARI including the first comparison of the AKARI All-Sky Survey number counts with the deeper Herschel surveys.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.25-44
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• 1995

Bricks are the earliest man-made building materials. Small-size bar bricks were found in use in the Warring States Period(戰國時代) in China. During the Qin(秦) and the Han(漢) Dynasties, brick constructions were built on a larger scale, but most of them were tombs. In case of Korea, bricks were found in use in the Three Kingdoms Period, but also most of them were tombs. Starting from the Unified Silla Period(統一新羅時代), brick gradually became a universal practice to built Buddhist Pagodas with bar bricks. Brick pagodas emergence marked a stage where technological progress made it possible for man to built high-rise brick work, and their dvelopment further perfected masonry technique and enabled building technology to attain new heights. Though from the very start brick pagodas existed side by side with stone pagodas, at the enitial stage they were overshadowed by their wooden counterparts and stone counterparts, because masonry thechiques were then still rather primitive, while woodwork and stonework had already reached a fairly advaced stage. The pagodas in ancient Korea were closely related to the Chinese stupa, which consisted of three parts, namely, the base, the body and the spire. The fact was, soon after the stupas were introduced into Korea, the Korean stupas began to develop features of their own. Korean brick pagodas were made up of a single-storeyed square base, multi-storeyed square body with a small gate, and a steel post with several layers of lotus flower superimposed one on the other.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

Purpose: The aims of this study are to conduct a fact-finding survey of eyeglasses use based on the visual acuity of middle and high school students in Busan. Methods: A total of 821 middle and high school students from four different schools participated by Self-administered qustionnaire test on July, 2007. Results: Among these students, 74.3% of the students had low vision and 66.26% of the students wore eyeglasses. The percentage of non glasses-wearers were 13.77% in low vision and 15.26% of the students had low vision in glasses-wearers. The reason why they did not wear eye glasses and why they did not change eyeglasses prescription was they did not feel any inconvenience in their usual life. Conclusions: Many students have bad eyesight due to limited spheres of environment and they do not feel any inconvenience of non-wearing eyeglasses in spire of their bad eyesight.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.245-249
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• 2017

We selected 47 DOGs at z ~ 1.5 using optical R (or r'), AKARI $18{\mu}m$, and $24{\mu}m$ color in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Deep survey field. Using the colors among 3, 4, 7, and 9µm, we classified them into 3 groups; bump DOGs (23 sources), power-law DOGs (16 sources), and unknown DOGs (8 sources). We built spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with optical to far-infrared photometric data and investigated their properties using SED fitting method. We found that AGN activity such as a AGN contribution to the infrared luminosity and a Chandra detection rate for bump and power-law DOGs are significantly different, while stellar component properties like a stellar mass and a star-formation rate are similar to each other. A specific star-formation rate range of power-law DOGs is slightly higher than that of bump DOGs with wide overlap. Herschel/PACS detection rates are almost the same between bump and power-law DOGs. On the other hand SPIRE detection rates show large differences between bump and power-law DOGs. These results might be explained by differences in dust temperatures. Both groups of DOGs host hot and/or warm dust (~ 50 Kelvin), and many bump DOGs contain cooler dust (${\leq}30$ Kelvin).

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.479-499
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• 2014

This paper illustrates the damages of reinforced concrete and masonry minarets during October 23 (Erciş) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey. Erciş and Edremit are townships located 90km and 18km from Van city center in Turkey, respectively. Ground accelerations and response spectrums for these earthquakes are given in this paper. A total of 63 reinforced concrete and masonry minarets are heavily damaged or collapsed in the city center and villages nearby after both earthquakes. Because of the fact that there is no Turkish standard and specification directly related to design of minarets, nearly all of the constructions are carried out by workers using only their own technical knowledge. So, all of the non-engineering reinforced concrete and masonry minarets completely collapsed or damaged heavily. From the study, it is seen that the damages are due to several reasons such as site effect, location, and length of the fault, reduction in cross section and formation of the discontinuity, use of plain reinforcement steel, use of concrete with insufficient strength, existence of short lap splices and incorrect end hook angle, larger mass and stiffness concentrations on some region, longitudinal reinforcements discontinuity, cracks at the cylindrical body, and damage of spire and end ornament. In addition to these reasons, the two earthquakes hit the minarets within seventeen days, causing progressive damage. So, the existing design and construction practices should be improved to provide sufficient earthquake performance. Also, it is recommended that there should be a safe distance between the minaret and surrounding structures to reduce the loose of life after earthquake.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2011

Smart packet agent is an application that is proposed to provide routing protocol and service module in ubiquitous network environment. However, it uses multi-hop broadcast, thus it causes increasing network traffic, low-speed data transmission, and the unnecessary joining nodes. In this paper, a transmit technique that uses unicast-based multi-hop to have lower network traffic and faster transmission time than the multi-hop broadcast technique. In our scheme, u-Zone Master establishes temporary routing paths by calculating moving nodes' hop-counter. Therefore, it reduces smart packet agent's network traffic and retransmission rate. Besides, this paper proposed an UDP transmission that bases on sliding window. Hence, the Stop & Wait transmission speed is improved. The results, which are taken by analyzing performance prove that the proposed scheme has better performance.