• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 1992

The reproductive performance of SPF ICR mice under single paired mating were examined to get reproductive background data and to establish single paired rotational mating system. The results obtained were as follows : average litter size was 15.4$\pm$2.0 heads ; average weaning rate was 95.7$\pm$4.9% ; sex ratio(male/female) was 1.09$\pm$0.26 ; aveage delivery interval was 23.0$\pm$2.4 days. It was given the largest litter size at the age of 121~150 days and in 2nd~4th parities, but at the age of under 90 days and in 1st parity weaning rate and delivery interval were higher and shorter than those of the other ages and parities, respectively. In sex ratio, the number of male litters was slightly increased from that of female litters. The weaning rate of litters from dams which nuresed 12 litters was the highest among those of different litter sizes, and it was decreased dependent upon increment of litter size. There were no difference among 4 groups for reproductive performance, therefore the present study could have important sources for animal breeders who produce mice using the single paired rotational mating system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.609-627
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• 1992

The study was carried out to obtain the basic data for types, incidence and histopathological features of the spontaneous tumors of the specific pathogen free (SPF) Ktc : ICR mice bred in a barrier system in Technology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. One hundred of the mice consisted of 50 males and 50 females were examined for 18 months. 1. The overall incidence rate of spontaneous tumors was 51(51%) of 100 heads tested. The male mice showed slightly higher incidence(28%) than the female(23%), and the incidence rate and the number of affected organs were increased with the increasing age of mice. 2. The incidence rate of primary tumor was 59(59%) of 100 heads tested, consisted of 30 cases (50.8%) of benign tumors and 29 cases(49.2%) of malignant tumors. Among the malignant tumors twenty cases were metastasized to various organs. 3. In tumor incidence rates by systems and organs, the male mice showed the high incidence rate in the liver (18%), hematopoietic system (16% ) and lung (14%), while the female mice, in the hematopoietic system(18%), lung(12%), liver(8%) and uterus(8%). 4. The tumors showing the particularly low incidence rates (<1.0%) were rhabdomyosarcoma in the skeletal muscle, malignant schwannoma in the peripheral nerve, cortical adenoma in the adrenal gland, transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder, tubular cell adenoma in the kidney and adenoma in the pituitary gland and harderian gland.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Insampaedok-san extract in ICR Mice. Methods : SPF ICR male and female mice were administered orally with Insampaedok-san extract of 0 (control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. After single administration, we daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, gross findings and changes of body weight for 14 days. Hematological parameters and isolated organ weights were determined after 14 days of administration. Results : No dead animal and no significant changes of body weights were found during experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and all of treated groups in clinical signs, organ weights and hematology, and other findings. Conclusions : Insampaedok-san extract did not show any toxic effects and oral LD50 values of the extracts was over 5000 mg/kg in ICR mice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 1991

Each of SPF mice(Scl: ICR strain, 3-week-old males) was inoculated with 5$\times$104 oocysts of Cryptosporidium by stomach tube. The oocysts were large type one which was previously isolated from Korean mice, and passaged in 3-week-old SPF mice. The patterns of oocyst discharge were monitored daily, and in order to observe the ultrastructure of developmental stages the stomach of the mice was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 4 weeks post-inoculation. The prepatent period for 6 mice was 5.6 days post-inoculation on the average, and the patent period was 63.2 days. The number of oocysts discharged per day from the mice reached peak on day 36.6 post-inoculation on the average. A large number of oocysts were found in fecal samples obtained from inoculated mice on days 30~50 post-inoculation. C. tsuris was larger than C. parvum at almost every developmental stages, the sixte difference being 1.4 times in oocysts, 2.4 times in sporozoites, 1.6 times in merozoites, and 1.5 times in microgametes. The ultrastructural features of the attachment site of C. tsuris to the mucus cells were remarkably different from those of C. parvum and its closely related species. The anterior projection of the protozoa (C. muris), the outer aspect of which was surrounded by a thick filamentous process of the host cell, has not been reported at any developmental stages of C. parvum or its closely related species. The size of the oocysts of strain RN 66 was larger than that of Korean mice origin. The above results reveal that the large type Cryptosporidium of Korean mice origin is identified as Cryptosporidium muris and this type was named as C. muris (strain MCR).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.62-67
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• 2001

In order to investigate the harmful effects of Fusarium, producing mycotoxins, contaminated cereals, two months feeding study was carried out in SPF-ICR mice. Mice diets were incorporated with 30% Fusarium infected wheat, nepal barley or barley. The wheat was processed to flour. The nepal barley and barley were polished by 68% and 58%, respectively. The cereal incorporating amount in mice diet were 0, 10, 30 and 50% for each processed cereal. Five week-old mice were fed with the prepared diet for 2 months. The effects of Fusarium contaminated cereals on the mice were observed after the feeding. The rates of body weight gain, diet and water consumption were not changed. There were no significant changes on hematology, blood biochemistry, gross and histopathological evaluation, organ weights in all treatment groups. These results suggest that the diets have no deleterious effects to ICR mice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 1997

The responses of gastric mucosal mast cells (GMMCS) to infection with coccid- ian protozoa, Clptosporinium muris, in mice were examined during primary and challenge infections. Each of three-week-old ICR SPF mice was orally inoculated with a single dose of 2 × 106 oocysts of C. muffs (strain MCR). After oocyst shedding ceased, the mice were orally challenged with a single dose of 2×106 oocysts of the same species. GMMCS reached a peak on days 20-30 postinoculation (Pl) in number, and decreased thereafter. An increase on days 20-30 post-challenge-infection (PCI) was also observed. The mice showed, on the whole, normal profiles of oocyst shedding in droppings. The number of the cells of uninfected control mice remained constant. .Tudging from the above results, it is suggested that mastocytosis correlate with expulsion of C. mans in primary infection and the defense mechanism of challenge infection.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Insampaedok-san and Fermented Insampaedok-san. Methods : SPF ICR male and female mice were administered orally with Insampaedok-san and Fermented Insampaedok-san. of 0(control group), 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 mg/kg. After single administration, we daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, gross findings and changes of body weight for 14 days. Hematological parameters and isolated organ weights were determined after 14 days of administration. Results : No dead animal and no significant changes of body weights were found during experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and all of treated groups in clinical signs, organ weights, hematology, and other findings. Conclusions : Insampaedok-san and Fermented Insampaedok-san. did not show any toxic effects and oral $LD_{50}$ values of the extracts was over 5,000 mg/kg in ICR mice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.611-625
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• 2000

For the improvement of quality control of laboratory mouse, we investigated the environmental condition, histopathological findings and serological test using ELISA to mouse hepatitis virus(MHV), Mycoplasma pulmonis(MP), Clostridium piliforme(TZ) and Sendai virus (HVJ) of ICR, C57BL/6, CBA and C3H/He mice that were supplied from conventional laboratory animal facility. 1. The ammonia concentration of facility was below the recommended concentration, 15ppm, by the KNIH, and the room temperature($21{\sim}23^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(40~60%) was optimum range recommend by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, respectively. 2. The incidence rate of inapparent disease was 86.6% and the major findings in the liver were vacuolar degeneration with nucleic pleomorphism. The lung was shown the thickening of alveolar wall and interstitial pneumonia with congestion. The kidney and spleen were observed the mild congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis, respectively. 3. The positive reaction rates against MHV and MP in serological test was 97.9% and 37.5%, respectively but HVJ and TZ were negative. These results suggest that laboratory mice could be infected with MHV and MP under conventional environments. Therefore we recommend to select thoroughly inapparent infected mice and to convert conventional system into SPF facility as soon as possible.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.559-567
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• 1994

As a series of studies to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts, and a delicate relationship between host and parasite, in the present studies, SPF ICR mice were alloted to experiment 1(normal undefinitive host group) and experiment 2(immunosuppressive group treated with prednisolone acetate) and inoculated with a single dose of 1,100 embryonated A suum eggs. In normal group, the infection essentially terminates 4 days after inoculation(DAI) with the attainment of middle third-stage in the liver, although few larvae migrate to the lungs where a few advance to late third stage. In immunosuppressive group, significant numbers developed to late third-stage in liver 8 DAI. In general, increasing of the mast cells and the goblet cells in the jejunum mucosa, of T-cells in the spleen and of activity of peritoneal macrophages followed by expulsion of the worms in the both groups. Considering a series of the results, suitabilities for the host of the worm appeared the highest from rabbit, hamster and mouse in that order. In addition, patent infection of A suum in the mice was also not obviously observed in spite of immunosuppression by prednisolone acetate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1067-1070
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• 2004

In the course of screening for specific inhibitors against the mycelial form of Candida albicans from natural resources, we have isolated and identified A6792-1 from Streptomyces sp. A6792 by using several chromatographies. By spectral analyses, this compound was determined as 7-oxostaurosporine, having a structure of staurosporine aglycon noiety. 7-Oxostaurosporine exhibited a selective growth inhibitory activity against the mycelial form of Candida spp. up to $100\mu\textrm{g}/disc$ in bioassay. It also exhibited a specific antifungal activity against the mycelial form of Candida spp. including C. krusei, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae with MICs ranging from 3.1 to $25\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 7-Oxostaurosporine demonstrated no in vivo toxicity in SPF ICR mice. Therefore, this compound may have a considerable potential as an antifungal agent based on the preferential inhibition against growth of the mycelial form of Candida spp., dimorphic fungi.