• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.240-247
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• 2023

More than 40 years have passed since the description of the first "free abdominoplasty flap" for breast reconstruction by Holmström. In the meantime, surgical advances and technological innovations have resulted in the widespread adoption of autologous breast reconstruction to recreate the female breast after mastectomy. While concepts and techniques are continuing to evolve, maintaining an overview is challenging. This article provides a review of current trends and recent innovations in autologous breast reconstruction.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2005

Purpose : The goal of this study was to survey the quality control of mammographic phantom images in some area. Methods : Between May and June, 2005, I have got a total of 47 mammographic phantom images collected from 49 hospitals and were analized about phantom score of fibrous, speck, tumor with enlargement scope. By critic level of experimental mammographic phantom case images, classified through the pass case that fibrous score 4, speck score 3, tumor score 3 over. Result : It passed 33case (70.3%), failed 14 case (29.7%) about 47 case. Passing case images showed tube voltage $23{\sim}30\;kVp$, tube current $20{\sim}60\;mAs$, photographic density $0.48{\sim}1.77$ Conclusion : It passed case about 70.3% of mammographic phantom image in some area. Optimum range of tube voltage, tube current, photographic density have to use to get fine quality of mammographic images.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2023

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a necessary process to induce fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a kind of NAFLD that encompasses the spectrum of liver disease. It is characterized by inflammation and ballooning of hepatocytes during steatosis. We tested whether inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome could prevent the development and pathology of NASH. We identified loganin as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and investigated whether in vivo administration of loganin prevented NASH symptoms using a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet model in mice. We found that loganin inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by ATP or nigericin, as shown by suppression of the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and caspase-1 (p10) in mouse primary macrophages. The speck formation of apoptosisassociated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) was blocked by loganin, showing that the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex was impaired by loganin. Administration of loganin reduced the clinical signs of NASH in mice fed the MCD diet, including hepatic inflammation, fat accumulation, and fibrosis. In addition, loganin reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in the liver. Our findings indicate that loganin alleviates the inflammatory symptoms associated with NASH, presumably by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In summary, these findings imply that loganin may be a novel nutritional and therapeutic treatment for NASH-related inflammation.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.127-129
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• 2007

It is well known that water vapor maser emission at 22.2 GHz is associated with the earliest stages of both low- and high-mass star formation and it can be considered a reliable diagnostic of their evolutionary state. Bright Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) are clouds that have been compressed by an external ionization-shock front which focuses the neutral gas into compact globules. The boundary layer between the neutral gas and the gas ionized by the incident photons is often called "bright rim" but the clumps are sometimes classified also as speck globules or cometary globules depending on their appearance. Small globules with bright rims have been considered to be potential sites of star formation and have been studied in several individual regions. We present results from high resolution VLA observations searching for new candidates of recent star formation in bright-rimmed clouds/globules associated with IRAS point sources.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

An important recent advance in the field of plant-microbe interactions has been the cloning of genes that confer resistance to specific viruses, bacteria, fungi or insects. Disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins with predicted structural motifs consistent with them having roles in signal recognition and transduction. Plant disease resistance is the result of an innate host defense mechanism, which relies on the ability of plant to recognize pathogen invasion and efficiently mount defense responses. In tomato, resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is mediated by the specific recognition between the tomato serine/threonine kinase Pto and bacterial protein AvrPto or AvrPtoB. This recognition event initiates signaling events that lead to defense responses including an oxidative burst, the hypersensitive response (HR), and expression of pathogenesis- related genes.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.94-101
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• 2018

Light elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) was noted as an issue in multi-crystalline silicon solar cells (MSSC) by Ram speck in 2012. In contrast to light induced degradation (LID), which has been researched in silicon solar cells for a long time, research about both LeTID and the mechanism of LeTID has been limited. In addition, research about LeTID in single-crystalline silicon solar cells (SSSC) is even more limited. In order to improve understanding of LeTID in SSSC with a passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) structure, we fabricated four group samples with boron and oxygen factors and evaluated the solar cell characteristics, such as the cell efficiency, $V_{oc}$, $I_{sc}$, fill factor (FF), LID, and LeTID. The trends of LID of the four group samples were similar to the trend of LeTID as a function of boron and oxygen.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.501-504
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• 2022

안전한 암호 시스템은 평문을 복원하거나 키를 유추해낼 수 없도록 설계된다. 암호 분석은 이러한 암호 시스템에서 평문과 키를 추정하는 것이며, 알려진 평문 공격, 선택 평문 공격, 차분분석 등 다양한 방법이 존재한다. 또한, 최근에는 데이터의 특징을 추출하고 학습해내는 인공신경망 기술을 기반으로 하는 암호 분석 기법들이 제안되고 있다. 현재는 라운드 축소된 S-DES, SPECK, SIMON, PRESENT 등의 경량암호 및 고전암호에 대한 공격이 대부분이며, 이외에도 암호 분석을 위한 active S-box의 수를 예측하는 등과 같이 다양한 측면에서 인공신경망이 적용되고 있다. 향후에는 신경망의 효율적 구현, full-round에 대한 공격과 그에 대한 암호학적 해석이 가능한 연구들이 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2022

사물인터넷에 성능이 향상됨에 따라 사물인터넷에 사용되는 저사양 프로세서들의 보안도 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라, 저사양 프로세서 상에서 안전하고 효율적으로 동작하는 경량 암호에 대한 개발과 최적연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 경량 블록 암호 중 하나인 SIMECK은 경량 블록 암호인 SPECK과 SIMON의 이점만을 결합한 암호 알고리즘이다. 본 논문에서는 저사양 프로세서 상에서의 경량 블록암호 SIMECK 최적 구현 동향에 대해 살펴본다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.694-715
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• 2005

I examine in this paper the change of land use and the development of desertification in Horqin desert, east Inner Mongolia, China. The change of land use in this area can be summarized as the increase of agricultural field and intensive livestock farming. The agriculture and livestock farming in semi-arid area such as Horqin desert raised the problem in the management and use of water and vegetation. This problem led to desertification. The types of development of desertification in this area could be classified as follows: the mobile sand dune extension, the riverside shifting sand flat extension, the shifting sand speck extension around settlements, and the shifting sand speck extension in agricultural Held and grassland. There have been political or social movements such as the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and the Reform and Open Policy in the background of land use change and desertification. Specially, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution played an important role in the land use change and desertification in this area. Since 1990s, there has been some kind of policy in the control of desertification. However, it is necessary for the controling desertification of this area to consider the globalization and marketization, the survival and profit of peasants and livestock farmers, and the disturbrd and fixed population and land use structure in this area since 1949.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2023

Chrysanthemum zawadskii (C. zawadskii) is used in traditional East Asian medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory disease. However, it has remained unclear whether extracts of C. zawadskii inhibit inflammasome activation in macrophages. The present study assessed the inhibitory effect of an ethanol extract of C. zawadskii (CZE) on the activation of the inflammasome in macrophages and the underlying mechanism. Bone marrow[-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were obtained from wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The release of IL-1β and lactate dehydrogenase in response to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activators, such as ATP, nigericin and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, was significantly decreased by CZE in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-primed BMDMs. Western blotting revealed that CZE inhibited ATP-induced caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β maturation. To investigate whether CZE inhibits the priming step of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we confirmed the role of CZE at the gene level using RT-qPCR. CZE also downregulated the gene expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β as well as NF-κB activation in BMDMs in response to LPS. Apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) oligomerization and speck formation by NLRP3 inflammasome activators were suppressed by CZE. By contrast, CZE did not affect NLR family CARD domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activation in response to Salmonella typhimurium and poly(dA:dT) in LPS-primed BMDMs, respectively. The results revealed that three key components of CZE, namely linarin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid, decreased IL-1β secretion in response to ATP, nigericin and MSU. These findings suggest that CZE effectively inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.