• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2021

도시화 및 경제성장에 따라 기존 매립지 등 기피 시설로 인식되어 있는 지상 환경기초시설 및 에너지생산 시설의 지하화가 중요한 사회적 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 대규모 플랜트 시설을 지하에 안전하게 건설하기 위해서는 제한적인 공간 레이아웃의 활용성을 높이고, 불필요한 기둥을 최소화해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 플랜트 시설을 지하화 할 경우 발생하는 작업의 제약여건, 조립 및 철거, 공정 계통의 연계성, 유지 보수 등의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 플랜트 모듈화 공법(파이프랙)에 대해 검토하였다. 복합플랜트의 지하 고집적 배치, 공간 레이아웃 활용성 향상 및 구조물 안정성 확보를 위해 다양한 하중조건(지진하중, 장치하중, 토압하중 등)을 적용한 플랜트 모듈 해석을 수행하였다. 또한, 작용하중과 부재가 견딜 수 있는 설계강도비 값을 검토하고 모듈 형상에 따른 안정성을 고려한 파이프랙 소재를 추출하였다. 다양한 경계조건에서의 해석 결과를 바탕으로 지하복합플랜트 건설 시 필요한 기본모듈의 최소 설치 간격 및 모듈 배치(안)에 관한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 대기
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.637-656
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• 2021

The United States has been known as the world's major producer of crops such as wheat, corn, and soybeans. Therefore, using meteorological long-term forecast data to project reliable crop yields in the United States is important for planning domestic food policies. The current study is part of an effort to improve the seasonal predictability of regional-scale precipitation across the United States for estimating crop production in the country. For the purpose, a dynamic downscaling method using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is utilized. The WRF simulation covers the crop-growing period (March to October) during 2000-2020. The initial and lateral boundary conditions of WRF are derived from the Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model (PNU CGCM), a participant model of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC) Long-Term Multi-Model Ensemble Prediction System. For bias correction of downscaled daily precipitation, empirical quantile mapping (EQM) is applied. The downscaled data set without and with correction are called WRF_UC and WRF_C, respectively. In terms of mean precipitation, the EQM effectively reduces the wet biases over most of the United States and improves the spatial correlation coefficient with observation. The daily precipitation of WRF_C shows the better performance in terms of frequency and extreme precipitation intensity compared to WRF_UC. In addition, WRF_C shows a more reasonable performance in predicting drought frequency according to intensity than WRF_UC.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is highly efficient and environment-friendly and supplies heating, cooling and hot water to buildings. For an optimal design of the GSHP system, the ground thermal properties should be determined to estimate the heat exchange rate between ground and borehole heat exchangers (BHE) and the system performance during long-term operating periods. However, the process increases the initial cost and construction period, which causes the system to be hindered in distribution. On the other hand, much research has been applied to the artificial neural network (ANN) to solve problems based on data efficiently and stably. This research proposes the predictive performance model utilizing ANN considering local characteristics and weather data for the predictive performance model. The ANN model predicts the entering water temperature (EWT) from the GHEs to the heat pump for the modular GHEs, which were developed to reduce the cost and spatial disadvantages of the vertical-type GHEs. As a result, the temperature error between the data and predicted results was 3.52%. The proposed approach was validated to predict the system performance and EWT of the GSHP system.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.450-461
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• 2022

A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study was used to determine the cognitive functions related to working memory (WM) and antioxidant properties of fermented Laminaria japonica (FLJ) on healthy volunteers. Eighty participants were divided into a placebo group (n = 40) and FLJ group (n = 40) that received FLJ (1.5 g/day) for 6 weeks. Memory-related blood indices (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; angiotensin-converting enzyme; human growth hormone, HGH; insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1) and antioxidant function-related indices (catalase, CAT; malondialdehyde, MDA; 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxo-dG; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) were determined before and after the trial. In addition, standardized cognitive tests were conducted using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Batteries. Furthermore, the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS)-IV, and the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) were used to assess the pre and post intake changes on WM-related properties. According to the results, FLJ significantly increased the level of CAT, BDNF, HGH, and IGF-1. FLJ reduced the level of TBARS, MDA, and 8-oxo-dG in serum. Furthermore, FLJ improved physical activities related to cognitive functions such as K-WAIS-IV, MoCA-K, Paired Associates Learning, and Spatial Working Memory compared to the placebo group. Our results suggest that FLJ is a potential candidate to develop functional materials reflecting its capability to induce antioxidant mechanisms together with WM-related indices.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 재난 위기경보 발령을 하기 위해 상황판단 기준을 자동분석하는 재난위기경보관리시스템의 기능 및 서비스와 국가재난관리정보시스템(NDMS) 체계에서 운영하기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 재난 발생시 위험수준에 따라 위기경보(관심-주의-경계-심각)를 발령하고 있다. 위기경보 수준을 자동분석 판단하기 위해 첫째, 데이터 수집, 위기경보 수준 분석, 위기경보 수준 판단, 공간규모별(시도, 시군구) 위기경보 등급을 표출하는 재난위기경보관리시스템을 구현하였다. 위기경보 수준 판단은 지능형 위기경보 수준(지역민감도, 위험수준, 위기경보 등급 판단)과 위기관리 매뉴얼의 위기경보 기준(시도 단위 기준 표준 설정)을 적용하여 두 가지 방식으로 분석하여 표출한다. 둘째, 국가재난정보관리시스템내에서 운영할 수 있도록 재난안전데이터 공유 플랫폼의 데이터 연동과 위기경보 데이터를 공동활용하기 위해 표준 메타데이터(구성항목 정의), 상황정보 연계(대상 정의), 데이터 제공을 위한 openAPI 표준을 제시한다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2022

Recently, remote work has arisen due to the social atmosphere and advancement of digital technology. Although effective in premeditated communications such as conferences or meetings, the current technology such as messengers and video chats insufficiently supports impromptu communications like a chance encounter, daily conversation with colleagues, or brief instant meetings. This causes various problems such as a decrease in social belonging and an increase in social isolation. The virtual workplace, which emerged as an alternative to this technology, is merely replicating the workplace layouts in reality with an absence of the proper design guideline. Therefore, this paper aims to establish the foundation for the better design of the virtual workplace for remote-work employees. The research compared 12 current workplace cases with the analysis with 5 categories(Spatial Composition, Scale, Individual & Collaboration Workplace, Socializing Space), and discovered the following results: 1) some design principles of the real workplace can be applied on the virtual workplace design, 2) the architectural components of the virtual workplace can differ from them of the real. Based on the results, the research suggests both the appropriate design methodologies of the virtual workplace considering the design principles of the real office layouts, and the design direction for the future of the virtual workplace. This research will be the foundation for the future design of the virtual workplace.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Recently, climate change has been regarded as a major cause of large-scale forest fires worldwide, and there is concern that more frequent and severe forest fires will occur due to the level of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the daily Keetch and Byram Drought Index (KBDI) of the Baekdudaegan in Chungcheong region including Sobaeksan, Songnisan, and Woraksan National Parks were calculated to assess effect of climate change on the forest fire potential- severity of annual maximum KBDI and frequency of high KBDI days. The present (2000~2019) and future KBDI(2021~2040, 2041~2060, 2081~2090) were calculated based on the meteorological observation and the ensemble regional climate model of the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios with a spatial resolution of 1-km provided by Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, 6.5℃ increase and 14% precipitation increase are expected at the end of the 21st century. The severity of maximum daily KBDI increases by 48% (+50mm), and the frequency of high KBDI days (> 100 KBDI) increases more than 100 days, which means the high potential for serious forest fires. The analysis results showed that Songnisan National Park has the highest potential for forest fire risk and will continue to be high in intensity and frequency in the future. It is expected that the forest vulnerability of the Baekdudaegan in the Chungcheong region will greatly increase and the difficulty in preventing and suppressing forest fires will increase as the abundance of combustible materials increases along with climate changes.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.938-945
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• 2022

National Institute of Fisheries Science conducted a total of 39 sighting surveys for marine mammals over 624 sighting days that covered 20,771 nautical miles in Korean waters during 2011-2020. Marine mammals were detected when 83.9% of the marine environment was less than or equal to three on the Beaufort wind scale. Thirteen species of marine mammals were identified, including two species of pinniped, with a majority of cetacean species. Frequently found species were narrow-ridged finless porpoise, followed by common dolphin, minke whale, Dall's porpoise, and Pacific white-sided dolphin. Narrow-ridged finless porpoises and minke whales were located in and offshore around the Korean peninsula, common and Pacific white-sided dolphins were exclusively found in the East Sea for most seasons. The other marine mammals were spotted in some seas and for limited durations.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2022

The distributions of common minke whales observed in the East Sea in ten surveys in May of 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2020 were investigated using satellite sea surface temperature (SST) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Most of the minke whales were observed in the waters off the Korean Peninsula at 36-38.5° N, which is expected as the highly productive coastal upwelling area. Yet, no minke whale was observed in 2006 when a relatively larger scale coastal upwelling occurred with SST at 11℃. In 2016 and 2020, the warm water higher than 17℃ extended widely in the area, and the minke whales were observed in the offshore waters, deeper than 1,000 m. 87.5% of minke whales observed in May appeared in the SST from 13 to 16℃, and they seemed to avoid relatively high temperatures. This suggests that optimum habitat water temperature of minke whales in May is 13-16℃. The SST in the area had risen 1.67℃ from 2003 to 2021, and it was remarkably higher than in other parts of the surrounding areas. The future temperature rising may change the route and timing of the migration of minke whales in the study area.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2023

Agricultural water demand is considered as the major sector of water withdrawal due to irrigation. The majority part of the global agricultural field depends on various irrigation techniques. Therefore, a timely and sufficient supply of water is the most important requirement for agriculture. Irrigation is implemented in different ways in various land surface models, it can be modeled empirically based on observed irrigation rates or by calculating water supply and demand. Certain models can also calculate the irrigation demand as per the soil water deficit. In these implementations, irrigation is typically applied uniformly over the irrigated land regardless of crop types or irrigation techniques. Whereas, the latest version of Community Land Model (CLM) in the Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) uses a global distribution map of irrigation with 64 crop functional types (CFTs) to simulate the irrigation water demand. It can estimate irrigation water withdrawal from different sources and the amount or the areas irrigated with different irrigation techniques. Hence, we set up the model for the simulation period of 16 years from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the global irrigation demand at a spatial resolution of 1.9° × 2.5°. The simulated irrigation water demand is evaluated with the available observation data from FAO AQUASTAT database at the country scale. With the evaluated model, this study aims to suggest new sustainable scenarios for the ratios of irrigation water withdrawal, high depending on the withdrawal sources e.g. surface water and groundwater. With such scenarios, the CFT maps are considered as the determining factor for selecting the areas where the crop pattern can be altered for a sustainable irrigation water management depending on the available withdrawal sources. Overall, our study demonstrate that the scenarios for the future sustainable water resources management in terms of irrigation water withdrawal from the both the surface water and groundwater sources may overcome the excessive stress on exploiting the groundwater in major river basins globally.