• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 1985

In order to analyze the water quality in artificial lakes in Chonnam area, a chemical and biological examination of Dongbock Lake and Changsung Lake was conducted from September to December 1983 and May 1984. A summary of the surveyed results is as follows 1. In Dongbock Lake, pH ranged from 7.2-8.1, D.O.: 8.2-12.6mg/l, B.O.D.: 4.4-22.1 mg/l, C.O.D.: 1.0-3.4rag/l, Cl$^-$: 5.9-11.9mg/l, Total-P: 0.001-0.071 mg/l, and Total -N: 0.016-0.697 mg/l, respectively. 2. In Changsung Lake, pH ranged from 7.2-8.1, D.O.: 8.1-9.8mg/l, B.O.D.: 0.9-2.9mg/l, C.O.D.: 1.9-3.4mg/l. Total- P: 0.006-0.016mg/l and Total -N:0.006-0.033mg/l, respectively. 3. The Phytoplankton identified in this investigation were distributed in a total of 46 genera and 76 spedes in Dongbock Lake 37 genera and 45 species in Changsung Lake. 4. In Dongbock Lake, it was found that the dominant algae were Melosira sp., Microcystis sp. and Synedra sp. in September Melosira sp. and Microcytis sp. in October, but Cymbella sp., Naviculla sp. and Nitzschis sp. were also observed in OctoberAsterionella sp., Melosira sp. and Microsystis sp. in November and Melosira sp., Asterionella sp sp. and Synedra sp. in December 1983. 5. In Changsung Lake, it was found that the dominant algae were Melosira sp., Lyngrbya sp. and Microcystis in September Melosira sp. and Synedra sp. in October and November and Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp. and Asterionella sp. in December 1983. The dominant algae were Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp. and Euglena sp. in May 1984. 6. It was found that the dominant algae in both Dongbock and Changsung Lakes were Microcystis sp., Melosira sp. and Asterionella sp.. Which are strongly related with water-bloom. Therefore, it could be suggested that the eutrophication phenomena is going to occur very easily in Dongbock Lake and possibly in Changsung Lake.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to study effects of drop of blood pressure by Semen Persicae Pharmacupuncture a clinical study was investigated. Methods : Semen Persicae Pharmacupuncture at Sp9 and Sp10 on 52 hypertension patients who are treating on Dong-Eui Oriental Medical Hospital. Results : 1. After one times Semen Persicae Pharmacupuncture at Sp9 and Sp10, the systolic blood pressure were droped. 2. After two times Semen Persicae Pharmacupuncture at Sp9 and Sp10, the diastolic blood pressure were droped significantly. 3. Headache, Dizziness that the subjective symptoms were droped after two times Semen Persicae Pharmacupuncture at Sp9 and Sp10. Conclusions : Continous Semen Persicae Pharmacupuncture at Sp9 and Sp10 implies drop of blood pressure and improvement of subjective symptoms.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1992

Bacillus sp. SH-8은 pH 9.0 이상에서 생육이 가능하였고 pH 7.7 이하에서는 배양 12시간부터 O.$D_{550}$가 급격히 감소하였으며 생균수도 감소하였다. 그러나 Bacillus sp. SH-8M은 pH7.7에서 생육이 가능하였고 pH6.9에서도 약간 생육속도가 늦었으나 정상적인 생육을 나타내었다. 고체배지의 생육 양상도 액체배지에서와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 균주의 형태는 pH 10.2에서 두 균주 모두 단간균위 형태를 나타내었으나 pH7.7에서는 Bacillus sp. SH-8 균주만이 장간균의 형태를 나타내었다. 균체외 pH는 초기 10.2일 때 두 균주 모두 배양 28시간 후에는 9.0이었고 초기 pH 9.0와 9.6에서는 배양초기에 pH가 저하되었다가 12시간 후부터 상승하였다. 한편, Bacillus sp. SH-8M은 초기 pH 6.9와 7.7일때 배양시간에 따라 균체외의 pH가 8.0과 8.7로 상승하였으나 Bacillus sp. SH-8은 배양 12시간 이후에도 7.0으로 일정하였다. 포자형성능은 Bacillus sp. SH-8과 Bacillus sp. SH-8M 모두 배양 3일 후, 초기 pH 10.2일 때 각각 95%와 85%로 가장 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.757-763
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• 2010

본 연구는 된장 제조에 더덕의 함량을 5, 10, 15 및 20% (w/w)로 달리하여 첨가 제조한 된장의 이화학적 및 관능검사 등의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 된장 제조에 사용한 균주는 재래식 메주에서 $\alpha$-amylase, $\beta$-amylase 및 산성 protease 활성이 우수한 것으로 선정된 Bacillus sp. B-3과 Aspergillus sp. M-9이다. Bacillus sp. B-3을 starter로 제조한 된장의 숙성 중 아미노태질소 함량을 조사한 결과 10%(w/w) 더덕 함유 된장이 다른 처리구에 비해 가장 많이 생성되고 있었다. 또한 Aspergillus sp. M-9를 starter로 제조한 된장의 경우 Bacillus sp. B-3로 제조한 된장과 시판재래식된장보다 월등히 많은 아미노태질소를 생성하고 있었다. 한편, 더덕 함량이 15%(w/w) 이상 함유된 더덕된장에서는 아미노태질소 함량이 감소하는 경향을 보여 더덕 함량이 된장 중의 Bacillus sp.와 Aspergillus sp.의 생육에 미치는 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 숙성이 끝난 된장에 대한 관능검사에서는 Bacillus sp. B-3로 제조한 더덕된장의 경우 더덕 10%(w/w) 함유 된장이 가장 높은 점수를 얻었으며, Aspergillus sp. M-9로 제조한 더덕된장에서는 더덕 20% (w/w) 함유 된장이 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다. 시중에서 구입한 된장과 더덕된장을 비교한 결과, Bacillus sp. B-3 및 Aspergillus sp. M-9로 제조한 된장이 우수한 것으로 나타나 Bacillus sp. B-3로 제조할 경우 더덕 10%(w/w)을, Aspergillus sp. M-9로 제조할 경우는 더덕 20%(w/w)를 첨가하는 것이 기호도 측면에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1994

Substance P[SP] has been known to be a peptide which may be plays a role as a neurotransmitter in central nervous system as well as peripheral autonomic nervous system. It has been reported that SP was widely distributed in the nerve of the tracheal smooth muscle and induced the muscle contraction. However, definite action mechanism of SP in the tracheal smooth muscle was not clear, yet. Thus, present experiment was performed to elucidate an effect of substance P and an action mechanism on contraction of the smooth muscle in rabbits. In order to find a neural mechanism to the effect of SP on the tracheal smooth muscle contraction, atropine sulfate, tetrodotoxin, propranol and phentolamine were administered at 10 min before the addition of SP. Otherwise,to find effect of SP antagonists on the action of SP, [D-Pro2, D-Try7,9]SP, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]SP and [D-Pro4, D-Trp7,9]SP were administered as a same fashion. These following results were obtained. 1] SP induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle under resting condition and the contraction was increased dose-dependently. 2] Cholinergic blocker[atropine], neural blocker[tetrodotoxin] and adrenergic blocker[propranol and phentolamine] didn`t have an effect on the contractile response. 3] Three SP antagonists inhibited the contractile response. 4] Isoproterenol relaxed the contraction induced by SP. The above results suggested that SP induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle directly act to the smooth muscle in rabbits. The autonomic nervous system did not seem to participate in the SP action.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relations between Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas of rats using peudorabies virus(PRV). Methods : We observed labeled neurons following the injection of PRV, Bartha strain, into the Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas of rats. After survival times of 4 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain stem were frozen sectioned($35{\mu}m$). These sections were strained by PRV immunohistchemical staining methods and observed with light microscope. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In the spinal ganglia, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were observed in T10-13 dorsal root ganglia. 2. In the spinal cord, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were lamina I, IV, V, VII, IX, X, intermediolateral nucleus(IML), intermediomedial nucleus(IMM) in thoracic segments. In lumbar segments, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neuron were lamina I, IV, V, VI, IX, X and IMM. In sacral segments, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neuron were lamina I, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X. 3. In the brain, the overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to Sanyinjiao(Sp6), Yinlingquan(Sp9) and pancreas were area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, caudoventrolateral reticular nu., medullary reticular nu., lateral paragigantocellular nu., C3 adrenalin cells, gigantocellular nu., raphe pallidus nu., raphe obscurus nu., ambiguus nu., raphe magnus nu., pontine reticular formation, A5 cell group, subcoeruleus nu., locus coeruleus, Barringnton's nu., $K{\ddot{o}}lliker$-Fuse nu., dorsal raphe nu., Edinger-Westphal nu., central gray matter, perifornical nu., dorsomedial hypothalamic nu., arcuate nu., lateral hypothalamic nu., paraventricular hypothalamic nu., hindlimb area. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that the interrelationship of meridian(spleen meridian), acupoints(Sp6 and Sp9) and viscera(pancreas) may be related the central autonomic centers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.114-133
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• 2003

Objective : The meridian theory in oriental medicine explains that Sp9(Yinlingquan) has been considered very important for gynecological disorders, spleen and stomach disorders, and water metabolic disorders. Functional MRI is the best method of showing the evidences of the effect of the Electro-acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. On this supposition, Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan) was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). Methods : Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Sp9(Yinlingquan), 2Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done using SPM99. Results : The electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan) activates Brodmann Area 13, 19, 22, 39, 40, 47 which may be the central pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan). We also hypothesize that those brain areas may be directly or indirectly related with the mechanism of the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture to Yinlingquan(SP9) in AAPH induced oxidative stress of rats. The author performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, GOT and GPT in serum, levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, histological analysis of liver. The conclusions are as follows. Results : 1. In the SP9-EA group, the level of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the holder group and control group. 2. In the SP9-EA group, SOD activity, glutathione concentration in liver were increased, and NO concentration was decreased significantly in comparison with those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the SP9-EA group, the density of liver tissue was maintained more similarly to the normal group in comparison with those of the control group and the holder group. 5. The results of the SP9-NR group showed similar tendencies with those of the SP9-EA group, but the effects were lower than those of the SP9-EA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at SP9 has an anti oxidative effect through suppressing both the reduction of anti-oxidative enzymes and production of oxidized substances.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.927-932
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• 1994

병원을 찾은 설사환자의 분변으로 부터 Salmonella sp.와 Shigella sp.을 분리하고 혈청형, 월별, 연령별분포 및 약제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 311명의 설사환자로 부터 34주(10.9%)의 Salmonella sp.와 25주(8%)의 Shigella sp.을 분리하였다. 분리된 Salmonella sp.의 혈청형은 group D(50%)가 가장 많았고, Shigella sp.은 대부분(96%)이 group D에 속하였다. 분리된 Salmonella sp.의 월별 및 연령별 분포는 계절과 연령에 크게 관계없이 분리되는 경향을 보였고, 이와는 달리 Shigella sp.은 7월(64%)과 10대(76%)에서 높은 분리율을 나타내었다. 분리균주에 대하여 약제내성을 조사한 결과 Shlmonella sp.는 streptomycin에 공시한 전 분리균이 내성을 나타내었고, erythromycin과 novobiocin(90.6%), penicillin G(65.6%) 및 cephalexin(46.9%)에, Shigella sp.는 erythromycin(95.8%), novobiocin(91.7%) 및 streptomycin(87.5%)에 각각 높은 내성을 나타내었다. 또한 Salmonella sp.와 Shigella sp.의 내성양상은 각각 18종류 및 4종류의 내성형으로 분포하고 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

자연계로부터 anthraquinone계 염료인 Remazol brilliant blue R를 분해.탈색하는 호알칼리성 균주를 분리하여 Bacillus sp. ARB1으로 명명하고 성장특성을 조사하였다. 최적 배양온도와 pH는 $35^{\circ}C$, pH 9.0로 나타났다. 배양액의 초기 pH가 10과 10.5일 경우 배양시간의 경과에 따라 pH 값이 점점 감소하여 40시간 후 9.3, 9.4로 각각 감소하였다. 진탕배양의 경우가 정치배양의 경우보다 Bacillus sp. ARB1의 탈색율이 현저히 높았다. 최적 배양조건에서 Bacillus sp. ARB1을 회분배양한 결과 배양 32시간 후 93%의 탈색율을 나타내었다. 실제 염색가공폐수를 사용한 회분배양에서 40시간 후에 탈색율은 78%로 나타났다.