• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.259-259
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• 2016

This study examined Artificial Neurons Networks model (ANNs) for forecast flash discharge at Southern part of Thailand by using rainfall data and discharge data. The Sungai Kolok River Basin has meant the border crossing between Thailand and Malaysia which watershed drains an area lies in Thailand 691.88 square kilometer from over all 2,175 square kilometer. The river originates in mountainous area of Waeng district then flow through Gulf of Thailand at Narathiwat Province, which the river length is approximately 103 kilometers. Almost every year, flooding seems to have increased in frequency and magnitude which is highly non-linear and complicated phenomena. The purpose of this study is to forecast runoff on Sungai Kolok at X.119A gauge station (Sungai Kolok district, Narathiwat province) for 3 days in advance by using Artificial Neural Networks model (ANNs). 3 daily rainfall stations and 2 daily runoff station have been measured by Royal Irrigation Department and Meteorological Department during flood period 2000-2014 were used as input data. In order to check an accuracy of forecasting, forecasted runoff were compared with observed data by pursuing Coefficient of determination ($R^2$). The result of the first day gets the highest accuracy and then decreased in day 2 and day 3, consequently. $R^2$values for first day, second day and third day of runoff forecasting is 0.71, 0.62 and 0.49 respectively. The results confirmed that the ANNs model can be used when the range of collected dataset is short and real-time operated. In conclusion, the ANNs model is suitable to runoff forecasting during flood incident of Sungai Kolok river because it is straightforward model and require with only a few parameters for simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

본 연구는 우리나라 난대 지역에 분포하는 주요 상록수종 중 하나인 동백나무 임분을 대상으로 각 부위별 지상부 생체량을 추정하고, 주요 무기영양소의 분포를 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 조사지는 전남 장흥군 천관산내 동백나무 임분에서 실시하였으며, 부위별 생체량 추정식은 흉고 직경 단일 변수에 의한 직경 변수 모형을 적용하였다(logY = a + blogD, Y: 중량, D: 흉고 직경). 동백나무 임분의 부위별 생체량(ton/ha)은 주간 47.9, 당년생 소지(小枝) 1.4, 1년생 이상 가지 전체 53.4, 엽 12.5로 추정되었으며, 전체 지상부 생체량은 115.2 ton/ha이었다. 동백나무 부위별 생체량은 흉고 직경과 비선형 관계에 있었으며, 1년생 이상 엽은 흉고직경이 증가할수록 당년생 엽과의 생체량 차이가 커지는 경향을 보였다. 생지의 질소, 인산, 칼륨 농도는 고사지보다 높았으나, 칼슘 농도는 고사지가 생지보다 높았고, 당년생엽도 1년생 이상 엽보다 질소, 인산, 칼륨 농도가 높았으나, 칼슘과 나트륨 농도는 오히려 1년생 이상 엽의 농도가 높았다. 주요 무기 영양소 함량(kg/ha)은 칼륨 366.4, 질소 442.7, 칼슘 433.3, 마그네슘 118.4, 인산 50.5 및 나트륨 25.3 순이었다. 모든 무기영양소 함량에서 생지 내에 함유된 무기영양소 함량의 비율이 수체내에서 가장 높았다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 1981

An airborne magnetometer survey was carried out over an offshore area of about $200,000km^2$ from the southeastern, southern and western part of Korea. Detailed magnetic studies on the geological structure of the southern part of above area ($100,000km^2$) was accomplished. Residual aeromagnetic map was made in order to delineate magnetic provinces, magnetic lineaments and sedimentary basins by application of least square method using computer system. To determine the depth of the sedimentary basins pseudo-gravimetric method was applied. 1. The area studied is divided into four magnetic provinces for the purpose of interpretation on the basis of the magnetic maps. 2. Near shore area and its attached islands of southern part (fiirst and second magnetic province) can be regarded as being the extension from the land geology due to presentation of strong magnetic anomalies and shallow magnetic basements. 3. Magnetic lineament 1-1 is strong magnetic anomalous region which is presumably relevant to volcanic activities in Cretaceous. The depth of magnetic basement of the lineament was determined to 1,500 m. Negative magnetic anomalous zones B1-1 and B1-2 which represent Tertiary basins showed depth of magnetic basement 3 km and 4 km each. The latter can be interpreted as extension of the Taiwan basin which is consisted of Tertiary sediments. 4. Magnetic lineament 2-1 coincide with Rainan-Fukien massif running NE-SW direction. A lineament located in central part of magnetic lineament 2-1 is well connected with extension of Sobacksan anticlinal axis on land. Volcanic rocks in Gyongsang system concentrated along this lineament. 5. The characteristics of magnetic pattern in the southern Yellow sea basin of western part of Jeju island show weaker magnetic anomalies and deeper magnetic basements than first and second magnetic provinces indicating geological structure of this basin seems to be quite different from that of Jeju strait. 6. In southern part of Jeju island, smoother magnetic pattern develope southward. Maximum depth of magnetic basement in sedimentary basins BIV-1 and BIV-2 were determined down to 6,000 m increasing its thickness toward Taiwan up to 11,000 m in the shelf area off Taichung, Taiwan. Judging from the fact that hydrocarbon was founded in the Tertiary sediments of western coastal area of Taiwan, it can be expected that hydrocarbon will be existed in these sedimentary basins of southern part of Jeju island.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.433-449
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• 2006

최근 30년($1976{\sim}2005$년)간 기상청 60개 관측 지점의 자료를 이용하여 강수 현상의 시 공간 변동 특성에 대해 분석하였다. 남한 전체 연 평균 강수량은 약 1310 mm이고 남부지역과 경기/강원 지역에서 많고(약 1300 mm 이상) 경북내륙지역에서는 적으며(1100 mm 이하), 강수 일수는 주로 소백산맥 주변지역에서 약 100일 이상인 반면 경북 내륙지역에서는 90일 이하로 공간차가 크다. 강수현상의 경년 변동은 주로 강수량 및 강수일수가 많고 강수강도가 강한 남부지방과 영동지역, 소백산맥과 그 서쪽 지역 그리고 남부와 중부지역에서 각각 크다. 강수량의 경우 남해안 지역에서는 과우해와 다우해의 연 강수량 차이가 최대 800 mm에 이를 정도로 경년 변동이 크다. 강수 현상의 계절 변동(여름집중도)은 경년 변동에 비해 지리적 환경(해발고도, 해안/내륙, 태백산맥의 동쪽/서쪽)에 더 밀접하게 연관되어 발생하고있다. 남해안(동해안) 지역에서는 봄, 여름과 가을의 강수비율이 각각 20(16)%, 53(53)% 및 20(24)%로 강수의 여름집중도가 약한 반면, 경기 내륙 지역에서는 봄, 여름과 가을의 강수비율이 각각 18%, 60%, 18%로 여름 집중도가 강하다. 또한 남한 전체 평균 여름 강수량 비율이 약 55%로 허창회와 강인식(1988)의 연구 결과 보다 약 5% 정도 높게 나타나 최근 강수의 여름 집중도가 심화되고 있음을 제시한다. 집중 호우 및 연강수량에 대한 집중 호우의 비율과 연강수량과의 상관계수가 각각 0.92와 0.75로 나타나 집중 호우의 발생 빈도가 연강수량에 비례해서 높아짐을 제시한다. 강수량은 해발 고도와 밀접하게 관련되어 있으며 강수량에 대한 지형의 영향은 강수량에 비례하게 증가된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

본 실험은 새미면의 영남지역 지역별 최대 수량 생산을 위한 최적 이앙기를 설정하기 위해 2015~2017년 까지 3년간 밀양에서 실시하였다. 1. 밀양지역에서 최대수량 생산을 위한 새미면의 최적 이앙기는 5월 17일~31일로 이때 쌀수량은 750 kg/10a정도였다. 2. 새미면의 최적 등숙기 평균기온은 출수 후 40일 평균기온을 기준으로 $24^{\circ}C$ 내외였다. 3. 밀양에서 등숙기 평균기온이 $24^{\circ}C$ 내외인 이앙기는 5월 17일~24일로 등숙기 평균기온은 $23.8{\sim}24.5^{\circ}C$였다. 4. 등숙기 평균기온 $23.8{\sim}24.5^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 추정한 지역별 최적 이앙시기는 대구 5월 24일~31일, 구미 5월 11일~21일, 밀양 5월 21일~28일, 진주 5월 14일~22일 등 이었다. 5. 새미면은 일반적으로 알려진 통일형벼의 최적 등숙기온 $25^{\circ}C$ 보다 $1^{\circ}C$ 낮은 $24^{\circ}C$ 정도가 최적 등숙기온으로 통일형벼 중에서 비교적 낮은 온도에도 안전하게 재배할 수 있는 품종이었다. 또한 수량성이 다른 통일형벼에 비해 높아 통일형벼의 재배한계 지역을 더 넓힐 수 있는 품종으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.330-341
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• 2008

본 연구는 묘역의 운영에 의한 지하수의 오염가능성을 조사하기 위하여 경기도 지역의 43개 묘역 중 28개를 대상으로 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 대상 묘역에 일곱가지의 수리지질학적 인자들(지하수위, 지하수 함양량, 대수층 매질, 토양 매질, 지형 구배, 비포 화대 구성물질, 대수층의 수리전도도)을 사용하여 지하수 오염 가능성을 평가하는 DRASTIC 모델을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 연구대상지 DRASTIC 지표는 82 126범위였고 평균은 113.99(1.48)이었다. 연구대상지인 경기지역의 묘역의 DRASTIC 지표는 북부가 남부보 다 상대적으로 높은 값을 보였다. DRASTIC 지표는 동일한 매장률과 매장밀도를 가지는 지역들 간에는 비슷한 값을 보였다. 이 연구는 DRASTIC 모델을 이용하여 묘역의 지하수 오염가능성을 평가할 때 모델적용에 필요한 일곱 가지 기본 인자뿐 아니라 매장률과 매장밀도도 고려하는 것이 필요함을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1985

Correlations between horizontal distributions of bamboos (Bambusaceae) in the Korean peninsula and environmental factors were studied using taxanomic and geographical literatures, both old and current. The vertical distributions of bamboos on Mt. Chiri were also studied, and environmental factors limiting horizontal and vertical distributions were compared. There are 18 species of bamboos (belonging to 5 genera) distributed in the Korean peninsula. The distributional range of each genus were distinct, although overlapped. Northern limit of bamboos of any species was marked by the line connecting Paikryung Island (124。40'E, 38。00'N), Mt. Changsoo, Mt. Myungji, Mt. Myohyung and Myungchum (129。40'E, 41。10'N). The optimum range of bamboos was concluded to be restricted to several southern province, with annual precipitation over 1,200 mm. The limiting factors on the distribution were inferred to be low temperature and duration of it. Mean daily minimum temperature of January and the number of days with daily mean temperatures below zero during January showed close associations with the distributional range, and an environmental factors favouring the distributrion of bamboos appeared to be vicinity of warm sea current, deep and extended snow acculation and southern exposure. The vertical distribution of bamboos on Mt. Chiri was limited by low temperature, unfavorable topographic and edaphic conditions caused by steep slope. Difference in the vertical limits between SE and NW slopes are caused by the differences in temperature and precipitation between the slopes. Bamboos were more abundant in valleys than on the ridge, apparently because the deeper snow in the valleys protected the plants from low temperature, heavy winter winds and desiccation.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2003

We made intensive observations on the coastal upwelling off the coast of the southern East Sea from June to August in 2001. The upwelling exhibited a weekly waxing and waning. The coastal upwelling of the year 2001 was characterized by abrupt outbreaks and the small local scale. Upwelling occurred more frequently off the coast of Ulsan and Gampo as reported by the earlier observers. The spread of freshly upwelled colder water was varied by each upwelling event. Generally cold waters were carried away northeastward off Pohang province. The upwelled cold waters were saltier than the resident surface waters. The pH and salinity-normalized alkalinity support the idea that the upwelled waters originate from the interior of the East Sea. The extraordinarily high concentration of dissolved oxygen suggests that the upwelled waters are closely connected to the southward flowing North Korea Cold Current. Although a lower primary productivity was reported for the upwelling region, underway surface fluorescence measurement revealed that the recently upwelled waters supported up to an order of magnitude higher algal biomass than the ambient waters. Because thermohaline circulation of the East Sea is so vigorous, with an estimated time scale of less than one hundred years, that the coastal upwelling should be considered not as an anomaly but as a regular component of a circulatory system. A quantitative understanding of upwelling seems to be a key to elucidate material cycling and the associated biological production in the East Sea.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.9-28
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• 1994

A collective theory is tried in analysis on the architectural history of Temple Gowoon in Gyongbook Province. For this purpose, firstly, the chronicle of construction was composed based on the critical study of the old documents. Secondly, the drawings of existing facilities were made after the field survey. And lastly, the collective theory was be able to extracted from the relation between chronicle and physical composion of the Temple Gowoon. The whole temple is composed of two territories, northern one and southern, which are divided by the central ravine. Northern territory was enlarged from Gukrakgeon's cluster through Myongboogeon's to Yeonsoogeon's. On the other hand, southern territory was reduced its position and its size from Daewoongeon's cluster, which was one of the main cluster, to Monigeon's, sub one. These processes were the results of the architectural adjustment, that is say, the dogmatic principles adapted in the topographical environments. The collective forms of clusters are different from each other. Gukrakgeon's cluster is composed of four buildings which enclose the empty inner court. Monigeon's is similar to the small temple type, Myongboogeon's selects the straggling form, and Yoensoogeon's has the type of Confucian shrine. The various types of clusters were the physical settings to symbolize the religious heirarchy of their buildigs. In the front of temple area, Gawoonloo, which located on the ravine and has a big volume, integrates straggling clusters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1533-1537
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• 2012

In general, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in developed as well as some developing countries, often being the second leading cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. Using a parametric log-logistic model to consider the effects of prognostic factors, the present study focused on the 5-year survival of women with the diagnosis of breast cancer in Southern Iran. A total of 1,148 women who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer from January 2001 to January 2005 were included and divided into three prognosis groups: poor, medium, and good. The survival times as well as the hazard rates of the three different groups were compared. The log-logistic model was employed as the best parametric model which could explain survival times. The hazard rates of the poor and the medium prognosis groups were respectively 13 and 3 times greater than in the good prognosis group. Also, the difference between the overall survival rates of the poor and the medium prognosis groups was highly significant in comparison to the good prognosis group. Use of the parametric log-logistic model - also a proportional odds model - allowed assessment of the natural process of the disease based on hazard and identification of trends.