• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.419-423
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• 1996

We have established the quantitative method for assay antimutagenic activity from natural products using SOS chromotest technique. Establishment of the method in this study makes it possible to numerize antimutagenic activities from samples in term of the sample amount required for 50% inhibition to mutagenic activity induced by the chemical mutagen under the standard assay condition. Antimutagenic activities of rices from different cultivars as well as other cereals were assayed through this method. The results revealed that antimutagenic activities of mutant cultivar, Suwon 393(Hyangdo) and Sanghaehyanghyulla(Jado), were higher than Chuchung which mainly consumed for steamed rice, and also indicated that antimutagenic activities of cereals, such as job'tear, buckwheat, small red bean, black bean were generally higher than that of brown rice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the antimutagenic effects of methyl alcohol extracts from Auricularia auricula and Gyrophora esculenta on the SOS response induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC) and 3-amino-1,4- dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indol (Trp-P-1) in E. coli PQ37/plasmid pKM101. In the mutagenic test on test strain, both methyl alcohol extracts did not show mutagenic activity. In the antimutagenic test, each sample strongly inhibited the mutagenecity induced by 4NQO, MNNG, MMC and Trp-P-1. Methyl alcohol extracts from Auricularia auricula and Gyrophora esculenta showed inhibitory effects of 52% and 59% against 4NQO, 49% and 58% against MNNG, 53% and 64% against MMC, and 61% and 64% against Trp-P-1, respectively. Gyrophora esculenta extracts on the antimutagenicity showed relatively higher inhibitory effects than that of Auricularia auricula.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1997

In order to determine the effectiveness of linoleic acid(LA) to inhibit carcinogens/mutagens-induced mu-tagenesis, Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and the SOS chromotest using E. Coli PQ37, were carried out. The inhibitory effect of LA(1%) on the Ames mutagenicity test were 98%, 78%and 69% mediated by aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO), respectively. LA exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity aganist indirect mutagen, AFB₁whereas exhibited the same concentration of LA showed weaker inhibitory effects on direct mutagens of MNNG and 4-NQO than that AFB₁. LA also reduced the SOS responses induced by MNNG and 4-NQO significantly. This result showed a possibility that LA can be a protective agent in early step of cancinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1426-1432
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• 2000

The effects of raw anchovy, salted raw anchovy (20% salt+anchovy), 6- and 12-month fermented anchovy (20% salt added) on the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced mutagenicities were evaluated using Salmonella assay and the SOS chromotest. The methanol extracts from raw, salted and the fermented anchovy (FA) sample increased the revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 at the level of $0.125{\sim}5\;mg/plate$ in Ames test. The salted raw anchovy extract induced the largest number of the revertants. All the FA extracts had comutagenic effect on the MNNG. Twelve-month FA juice exerted the lowest comutagenic activity among the FA samples. The comutagenicity of 12-month FA was due to the synergistic effect of salt and histidine which teem in FA. Thus the Ames test using histidine requiring mutant, S. typhimurium, is not appropriate to determine the mutagenicity of FA which is rich in histidine. In SOS chromotest using E coli, raw, salted and fermented anchovy extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the absence of MNNG. The raw and fermented anchovy samples blocked the SOS response of E. coli PQ37 induced by MNNG, while raw salted anchovy increased the SOS induction factor. Twelve-month FA juice showed higher antimutagenic effects than 6-month FA samples (both solid and liquid). The ripened (12-month) FA along with raw anchovy in the SOS chromotest exhibited antimutagenic activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.439-445
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• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of the water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz (RG) on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC), $aflatoxin\;B_1\;(AFB_1)$ and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were studied using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The water extract of RG was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol soluble part exhibited higher inhibition effects than the methanol insoluble part against the mutagenic activities of five mutagens. Step-wise fractionation of methanol soluble part was done using methanol, ethyl acetate and water. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effects against the mutagenenicity of five model mutagens, showing $4.5{\sim}29.5%$ inhibition, but the $AFB_1$ mutagenic potency was increased slightly by ethyl acetate fraction. The water fraction was further partitioned by sephadex LH-20 column chromtography, and 9 subfractions were obtained. The fraction III showed the strongest inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activities induced by all the tested chemical mutagens. The inhibition rates of fraction III at concentration of $400\;{\mu}g/assay$ were 29%, 35%, 38%, 25% and 24% against 4-NQO, MNNG, MMC, AFBl and B(a)P, respectively. The fraction III also exhibited a strong bio-an-timutagenicity against 4-NQO and $AFB_1$ by showing more than 40% inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1065-1070
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• 1996

Antimutagenic effect of chitosan hydrolysates was investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay and SOS chromotest against 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]lindole(Trp-P-2), aflatoxin $B_1$, 2-nitrofluorene and 4-nitroquinoline oxide. After partial acid hydrolysis of chitosan, six fraction of different molecular size were obtained by ultrafiltration. Chitosan hydrolysates showed antimutagenic effect of $0{\sim}78%$ on Trp-P-2, $0{\sim}92%$ on aflatoxin $B_1$ and $0{\sim}51%$ on 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Inhibitory effect in Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay showed the highest at 5% concentration of fraction 6 in Trp-P-2, 10% concentration of fraction 5 in aflatoxin $B_1$ and 5% concentration of fraction 6 on 2-nitrofluorene. In SOS chromotest, chitosan hydrolysates showed anitimutagenic effect of $0{\sim}54%$ on Trp-P-2 and $0{\sim}77%$ on 4-nitroquinoline oxide, These results suggest that high molecular weight fraction of chitosan hydrolysates (MW>30,000) in most effective to inhibit mutagenicity of tested mutagens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.174-174
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• 1993

목적: Cinnamic acid의 유도체들중에서 항돌연변이 효과가 보고된 바 있어, 본 연구에서는 E. coil PQ37균주를 사용한 SOS chromotest를 이용하여 약 170개 cinnamic acid의 유도체들의 항돌연변이 효과를 확인하고자 하였고, 1차로 확인된 수종의 유도체들에 대한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 방법: SOS chromotest는 sul A:: lacz fusion strain 인 E. coli PQ37 에서의 chemical로 인한 DNA damage에 대한 SOS response를 $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme activity level로서 측정하는 실험이며, m-RNA 또는 protein synthesis에 대한 test chemicals의 cytotoxic저해효과를 알아보기 위하여 alkaline phosphatase를 병행측정하여 보완하였다. 결과 및 고찰: (－)S－9 경우는 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO)를 유도물질로 하였으며 대략 Induction factor가 9.7 정도였고, (＋)S－9의 경우는 aflatoxinB$_1$을 유도물질로 하였고 이때의 Induction factor는 13.8 정도였다. 이결과 1차로 test된 cinnamic acid유도체 6개중에서 RK001, RK002, RK003, RK004, RK005는 거의 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, RK006은 항돌연변이 효과를 보여주어 이들의 Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) 및 Dose-response와 RK006의 항돌연변이 효과의 mechanism에 관해 M13 mp2 viral DNA의 유전자 염기서열을 이용하여 항돌연변이 기전연구를 수행중이다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1999

To confirm the effects of binlang(Areca catechu L.) and tansen(Salvia miltriorrhiza bung) on the mutagenicity induced by hydrogen peroxide, SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37 and Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA104 were perlormed. Methanol-soluble parts of their water extracts showed high inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of hydrogen peroxide in two bacterial mutation assays. Step-wise fractionation of methanol-soluble part from tansen was done using ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Among these fraction was further partitioned by Sephadex LH-20 column chromtography, and 6 subfractions were obtained. The fraction III showed the strongest inhibitory effects against the mutagenic activities induced by hydrogen peroxide. The inhibition rates of fraction III at concentration of 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/assay were 28%, 30% and 15% against 4-NQO, MNNG and B(a)P, respectively. But the mutagenic potency of AFB1 was increased.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1990

Potential antimutagenic activities of vegetable plants were investigated. 24 vegetables which are frequently consumed by Korean people were extracted with 70% ethyl alcohol to prepare the extract samples. Then those samples were added to the culture media containing mitomycin C($O.3\;{\mu}g/ml$) and the SOS-Chromotest was performed. Positive control, mitomycin C alone, showed about 330 units of ${\beta}$-galactosidase activities. Among 24 vegetable samples, Saxifraga oblougifolia Nakai (취나물, Saxifragaceae) and Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle(도라지, Campanulaceae) showed 136 and 155 units, respectively when mitomycin C was treated. These results indicate that Saxifragae Herba and Platycodi Radix possess protecting action from mutagenic activity produced by mitomycin C.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.771-775
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• 1999

The antimutagenic activities of the total extract and several fractions of starfish, Asterina pectinifera (Asteriidae), were investigated in vitro by SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37 and Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100. When various fractions was tested, the chloroform and butanol fractions showed low induction factors, which means both fractions increased antigenotoxicity against the base substitution mutagen MNNG. Even though higher antigenotoxic effect of the chloroform fraction, no effective result of Ames test was found in revertant formation of S. typhimurium TA100. The most effective antigenotoxic and antimutagenic fraction was a butanol one: i.e., When 0.5 mg/tube of butanol fraction was applied, the induction factor was 0.68. As the concentration of the fraction was increased the formation of revertants of S. typhimurium TA100 by about 81%. There was no cytotoxic effect of butanol fraction against S.typhimurium TA100. This result might be useful for further study to search a possible anticancer agent from the starfish, Asterina pectinifera.