• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2016

Backgrounds : Taiwan has similar national health insurance (NHI) system for traditional medicine with South Korea. Recently, new quality improvement policies for traditional medicine is being attempted in Taiwan. Objectives : This study aimed to review the Taiwanese NHI system for Chinese Medicine (CM) and introduce quality improvement policies. Methods : Research articles, reports, government publications and year books which handled traditional medicine system and NHI system in Taiwan were searched and collected. The authors analyzed and summarized the contents in a qualitative manner. Results : In Taiwanese NHI system, CM procedures and medication for outpatients are reimbursed through a mix of fee-for-service and global budget payment system. CM shares 4% of total expenditure of NHI in Taiwan. Mostly, the expenses for procedures are reimbursed regardless of disease type, however, in the specialized program for quality improvement, CM doctors have to comply with standard operating procedures (SOPs). Conclusions : Taiwanese NHI system implemented SOP-based new reimbursement system for CM. Yet, the scientific evidences for SOPs are not sufficient, it can be useful references when we develope disease related reimbursement system for Korean Medicine in South Korea.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제32권11A호
• /
• pp.1086-1095
• /
• 2007

본 논문에서는 다수의 피코넷들이 공존 (Simultaneously Operating Piconets; SOP) 하는 환경하에서 다중 상관처리를 이용한 새로운 Non-coherent TOA 추정 기법을 제안한다. SOP 환경에서 각 피코넷들을 구분하기 위해서 Gold 시퀀스를 이용한 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 기반의 IR-UWB (Impulse Radio-Ultra WideBand) 신호를 사용하였으며 상관 특성을 개선시키기 위해서 다중 마스트 처리 (Multiple Mask Operation; MMO) 방안을 제시하였다. 직접 LOS 경로에 대한 도착 시간 (Time Of Arrival; TOA) 정보는 2단계의 대략적인(Coarse)/ 정밀 (Fine) 타이밍 검출 과정을 통해 획득된다. 제안된 기법에 대한 성능을 검증하기 위해서 IEEE 802.15.4a TG (Task Group)에서 제시한 두 채널 모델을 적용하였고 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 제안된 기법이 다수개의 피코넷이 공존하는 다중 경로 환경에서 일반적인 단일 상관 처리 기법보다 성능이 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.327-338
• /
• 2012

Environmental specimen banks provide the baselines for the scientists and decision makers to do research using the past and present specimens to expect the possible contaminant implications of the future. Many chemicals that are considered harmless now but not found may be found and pose threats in the future. Collected specimens of animals and plants should be conserved without contamination for future analysis. To ensure the availability of samples for the retrospective analysis, the establishment and maintenance of specimen banks in the developing and developed nations has become absolutely necessary. National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) established at National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) in 2009. For the application of NESB, several activities such as standard operating procedures (SOPs) development have been prepared. This study applied the guidelines for sampling and sample treatment of five environmental specimens which had been prepared from 2007 to 2009. The target species were shoots of red pine and Korean pine, leaves of Mongolian oak, eggs of domestic pigeon and muscles and livers of common carp. The NESB will enhance the quality of environmental assessment and environmental monitoring based on real time and retrospective analysis.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.482-488
• /
• 2017

The measurement based on reliable standard operating procedures (SOPs) is important for consistent information. The objective of this study is to investigate reliable SOPs of soil physical methods, including core method for bulk density, Yamanaka hardness, and air permeameter method for air permeability. The coefficients of variation in bulk density (core method), Yamanaka hardness, and air permeability were ranged of 1~6%, 8~13%, and 10~84%, respectively. The variation in situ measurement such as bulk density, hardness, and air permeability due to spatial variability at measuring site was larger due to the number of replicates, organic matter content, and soil texture. Nevertheless, air permeability had different values as different number of replicates, and thus, it is thought that more replicates can result in higher reliability. It suggested that investigation of soil physical properties for the target sites should required to consider about soil texture, organic matter content, and number of replications before measurement. In conclusion, core sampling for bulk density measurement in upland soil recommended to perform in 3 repetitions with 2 inch core, and 3 inch core sampling for higher organic matter content.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.136-147
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze four cases of firefighter burns in various fire scenes and to find prevention measures to decrease firefighter injuries. Among the analysis reports prepared by the National Fire Research Institute of Korea from 2016 to 2020, four burn-related accidents are summarized and the main causes are conveyed. The four accidents include second-degree burns from using extinguishers during containment of fires; nine firefighters burned due to re-ignition in the LPG car repair shop; two firefighters injured with third-degree burns from using fire extinguishers during life-saving events in residential housing; and injuries from the radiant heat of the tank BLEVE near the factory fire. These cases are comprehensively investigated in their respective scenes and analyzed based on the fire site investigation reports from the fire department and related theoretical explanations of risk for each accident scene. In the third case study, some experimental research is conducted to evaluate the risk involved with the use of safety gloves. This is evaluated by reviewing Fire Tactics and Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) to determine improvements and recommendations for an efficient firefighting response. Results show that the main causes of burn accidents are the insufficient use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety gloves, and the failure to follow firefighting tactics or SOPs. Through the accident investigation and assessment, it is concluded that to reduce the frequency of burn accidents, the performance of firefighting equipment, SOPs, protection tactics, and safety policy systems require improvement.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.429-434
• /
• 2009

Environmental specimen bank (ESB) is a new tool to assess ecosystem in environmental impact assessment (EIA). ESB looks at changes in the concentration of pollutants in human and environmental specimens over long periods of time through retrospective analysis of archived samples. Korea started to design its National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2007 and planned to launch an operational pilot project by 2010. NESB prepares five Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of shoots of Red and Korean pine, leaves of Mongolian oak, Pigeon's egg, and Common carp's muscle out of 14 planned specimens in 2009. ESB contributes to monitoring the effectiveness of EIA projects and policies by providing a time capsule through ecosystem assessment of representative species. This study reviews ecosystem assessment in EIA and the ESB establishment in Korea and probes NESB applications in ecosystem assessment.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2019

본 논문은 재난통신 시스템을 실제적으로 활용하기 위해 반드시 필요한 표준운영절차(SOP)를 개발하기 위한 방법론과 전략들을 제시하고자 한다. 따라서 재난안전통신망의 SOP와 연계되는 다양한 요소들을 규명하고 특성을 분석하였고, 이를 기반으로 SOP의 효과적인 개발을 위한 프로세스와 전략을 개발하여 제시하였다. 아울러 개발되는 SOP를 재난안전통신망 구현 기술인 LTE에 반영하여 무선자원 할당의 토대가 되는 우선순위와 QoS가 어떻게 운영되어야 하는지도 제시하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.617-625
• /
• 2019

연구목적: 재난 유형별로 관리되는 현장조치행동매뉴얼은 해당 재난의 종합적인 대책 가이드라인이라고 할 수 있지만, 실제 재난은 매뉴얼에 기록된 모든 임무가 다 필요하지는 않기 때문에 현장 담당자가 수행해야할 임무에 혼선이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 특정 재난 상황에 따라 필요한 임무만 수행할 수 있는 상황 기반 재난 대응 프로세스 모델을 제시한다. 연구방법: 현장조치행동매뉴얼에서 언급된 재난 상황의 유형을 분류하고, 각 재난 상황에 따른 임무 수행 시나리오가 반영된 재난 대응 프로세스를 도출한다. 그리고 이에 대한 검증과 보완으로 안전한국 훈련의 훈련 시나리오를 본 모델에 적용하여 지속적으로 피드백 할 수 있는 체계에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 연구결과: 현장조치 행동 매뉴얼의 재난 상황별로 임무 수행 프로세스를 지원하는 임무 모델과 이를 기반으로 구성되는 재난 대응 프로세스 모델 체계를 제시하였다. 개발된 모델에 기반하여 안전한국 훈련 시나리오 모델을 적용하였다. 결론: 재난 상황을 지원하는 재난 대응 프로세스 모델을 개발하였다. 이를 기반으로 현장 조치 행동매뉴얼이 작성되고, 안전한국 훈련 시나리오가 작성되면, 안전한국 훈련의 점검을 통하여 현장조치 행동매뉴얼의 재난 대응 프로세스가 지속적으로 개선될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 2017

우리나라의 재난환경은 산업고도화 및 도시노후화의 영향으로 인하여 점차 다양하고 복잡한 양상으로 전개되고 있다. 따라서 컨트롤타워와 현장인원간에 재난현장의 각종 정보를 신속하고 정확하게 공유할 수 있는 재난통신체계의 확보는 재난대응의 성공을 위하여 그 어느 때보다 절실히 요구된다. 본 연구는 재난관리 선진국인 미국의 국가재난관리체계, 재난통신 운영체계 및 표준운영절차 분석을 통해 우리나라 재난통신체계의 개선책을 다음과 같이 제안한다. 첫째, 재난통신조직이 보다 체계화되어야 한다. 중앙정부 재난통신조직과 지방정부 재난통신조직은 각각 상이한 역할 및 목표에 따라 운영되어야 하며, 상호운영성에 의거하여 유기적으로 공조해야 한다. 둘째, 재난통신 협의체는 재난 관련단체의 대표자들로 구성되어야 하며, 전국단위 및 지방단위로 각각 구성 및 운영되어야 한다. 셋째, 재난통신의 목표를 달성하기 위한 표준운영절차에는 운영적 요소와 기술적 요소가 모두 포함되고 각 재난통신체계 구성원들의 역할과 책임이 명확하게 수립되어야 한다. 이러한 개선책은 재난통신체계가 현장에서 정확하게 작동되도록 할 것이며, 이는 재난대응의 성공확률을 향상시킬 것으로 예상한다.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.21.1-21.9
• /
• 2021

Background: Unani System of Medicine (USM) has its origin to Greece. To ensure and develop the quality, authenticity of Unani drugs, standardization on modern analytical parameter is essential requirement for drugs. Objectives: The aimed of the present study was to develop a standard profile of "Qurṣ-e-Mafasil" by systematic study through authenticated ingredients, pharmacognostic identification followed by physicochemical, TLC, HPTLC fingerprinting analysis as per standard protocol. Material and Methods: In this study three batches of "Qurṣ-e-Mafasil" QM were prepared by standard method as per UPI had been followed by organoleptic properties of formulation such as appearance, color, odor, taste. Powder Microscopy and physicochemical studies were carried out such as Uniformity of weight, Friability, Disintegration time, hardness, LOD, ash vales and extractive values in like aqueous, alcohol & hexane. Further qualitative tests such as Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) studies were also carried out to develop fingerprint pattern of the alcoholic solvent extract of QM. Phytochemical screening was carried out in different solvent extracts such as alcoholic, aqueous and chloroform extracts to detect the presence phytoconstituents in the formulation QM. Heavy metals, Microbial Load Contamination and pesticidal residues were also determined. Results: Qurṣ-e-Mafasil showed tablet-like appearance, light brown colour, mild pungent odour and acrid taste. Uniformity of weight (mg), friability (rpm), and hardness (kg/cm) and disintegration time was ranged between (500 to 503), (0.0340 to 0.038), (8.40 to 8.67) and (4-5 minutes) respectively for the three batches. Loss in weight on drying at 105℃ was ranged between (8.3425 to 8.7346). Extracted values were calculated in distilled water ranged between (30.9091 to 31.4358), hexane (1.1419 to 1.4281), and alcohol (3.3352 to 3.3962). The ash values recorded were ranged between (3.7336 to 3.8378), and acid insoluble ash (0.5859 to 0.6112).