• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.805-812
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 소 체외수정란의 체외발달에 있어서 Matrigel의 첨가효과를 조사하는 것이었다. 소 체외수정란은 Ⅰ) SOF+0.8% BSA (SOF-B), Ⅱ) 0.8% Matrigel이 첨가된 SOF+0.8% BSA (SOF-M), 그리고 Ⅲ) SOF+0.8% BSA 배양 후, SOF+10% FBS(SOF-BF)에서 배양을 실시하였다. 배양액 내 Matrigel의 첨가는 배반포 발달율을 증가시키지 않는 것으로 나타났다(SOF-B, 26.6%; SOF-M, 28.2%; SOF-BF, 26.2%). 그러나, 부화 배반포의 비율은 Matrigel 첨가에 의하여 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(SOF-B, 23.7%; SOF-M, 48.7%; SOF-BF, 18.5%) (P<0.05). 배반포의 세포수를 조사한 결과는 각 처리군 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며(SOF-B, 172.7±35.5; SOF-M, 175.1±37.4; SOF-BF, 172.8±38.1), 또한 세포자연사가 유발된 세포수의 비율도 각 처리군 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다(SOF-B, 3.6±3.2%; SOF-M, 4.3±2.6%; SOF-BF, 4.9±4.3%). 본 실험결과는 Matrigel이 소 체외수정란의 부화과정을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 세포외 기질 복합체인 Matrigel의 첨가는 무혈청 수정란 배양체계에서 보다 생리적인 환경을 조성할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 1993

Bovine embryos at 2-to 8-cell produced by in vitro matured/in vitro fertilized(IVM/IVF) were cultured in TCM 199 or Synthetic oviduct fluid(SOF) with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) or cocultured with cumulus or bovine oviduct epithelial cell(BOEC) in TCM-199 or SOF medium. In experiment 1, the proportions of embryos developed to morula and blastocysts stages in TCM 199 medium were higher when they were co-cultured with cumulus cell(29%) or BOEC(33%) than that of TCM 199 with 10% FBS(12%, P<0.01). In experiment 2, embryos deived from IVM/IVF were cultured in SOF with 10% FBS or cocultured with cumulus cell or BOEC in same medium. The higher development rates of IVM/IVF embryos developed beyond morula stages were obtained in cumulus cell co-culture group(39%) than those of BOEC group(26%) and SOF with 10% FBS group(17%, P<0.01). The present results indicated that the early development of IVM/IVF embryos can be maintained efficienty in SOF with cumulus cell co-culture.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1353-1359
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• 2019

It is presented in this paper that the static output feedback (SOF) pole-assignment problem of some linear time-invariant systems can be completely resolved by parametrization in real Grassmann space. For the real Grassmannian parametrization, the so-called Plucker matrix is utilized as a linear matrix formula formulated from the SOF variable's coefficients of a characteristic polynomial constrained in Grassmann space. It is found that the exact SOF pole assignability is determined by the linear independency of columns of Plucker sub-matrix and by full-rank of that sub-matrix. It is also presented that previous diverse pole-assignment methods and various computation algorithms of the real SOF gains for 2-input, 2-output, 4^th order systems are unified in a deterministic way within this real Grassmannian parametrization method.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2002

Embryos derived from pig oocytes matured in mSOF are able to develop to blastocysts after IVF. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of two maturation media (TCM-199 vs mSOF) on maturation rate, fertilization parameters, including penetration, polyspermy, male pronuclear formation, and the mean number of sperm penetrated per oocyte. Experiment 2 and Experiments 3 examined the effects of two maturation media on zona pellucida solubility and cortical granule distribution by transmissible electron microscopy, respectively. Experiment 4 assessed the effects of two maturation media on the in vitro embryo cleavage rate and development to blastocyst. Lastly, experiment 5 examined the cell number of blastocyst. An effect of media (P<0.05) was detected for mSOF on the mean number of sperm per oocyte. In TCM group, zona digestion time (196.5$\pm$15.5 vs 131.6$\pm$20.1 before IVF, 397.5$\pm$30.3s vs 185.3$\pm$16.4s after IVF, p<0.05) was higher in TCM-199 group. No significant effects of media was observed on cortical granule distribution between two groups by TEM. An effect (P<0.05) was observed on embryo development to blastocyst (16% vs 8%) but not on cleavage rates. No significant effects of media was observed on total cell number of blastocyst. We found that the high mean number of sperm penetrated per oocyte and the weaker zona pellucida on the basis of the digestion time was shown in pig oocytes matured in mSOF, however, porcine oocyte maturation with supplemented synthetic oviduct fluid medium (mSOF) resulted in blastocyst cell numbers comparable to those observed with Tissue Culture Medium 199.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1996

The objective of this study were to investigate the effects of culture media and additives on the development of bovine in vitro matured(IVM) and in vitro fertilized(IVF) oocytes. In experiment 1, bovine oocytes were cultured in droplets of TC 199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) with or without hormones (5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH, 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml E2). Cleavage rates of embryos cultured for 40~44hrs after IVF were higher when embryos were cultured in TC 199 supplemented hormones (68.1%, 921/35) than without hormones (52.7%, 77/146), but the percentages of development beyond morulae stage were not difference (20.7%, 19.4%). In experiment 2, the effects of various media such as TC 199, synthetic oviduct fluid(SOF), CR1aa with different energy source (fatal bovine serum, FBS; bovine serum albumin, BSA) on developmental capacity of IVM/IVF bovine embryos were investigated. The developmental rates into morulae and blastocysts were 27.1, 10.7, 6.3 and 0%, respecitvely, in CR1aa plus 3mg/ml BSA, SOF plus 10% FBS, TC 199 plus 10% FBS, SOF plus 3mg/ml BSA. In experiment 3, the comparisons of bovine embryos developed to morulae and blastocysts in different culture media (TC 199, SOF, CR1aa, Menezo's B2) were investigated. The developmental capacity beyond morulae stage were 32.9, 26.6, 11.1 and 7.1%, respectively, in Menezo's B2 plus BSA, CR1aa plus BSA, SOF plus BSA, TC 199 plus FBS medium. The cell numbers of the blastocyst were not different in different cultrue media. In experiment 4, bovine embryos were co-cultured with vobine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) in TC 199 plus FBS, SOF plus BSA, CR1aa plus BSA, Menezo's B2 plus BSA. The morula and blastocyst rates were 44.7, 32.9, 26.0 and 23.3%, respectively, in CR1aa TC 199, SOF, and Menezo's B2 medium. The cell numbers of the blastocyst were similar to those of blastocyst developed in different culture media.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1995

To examine the critical effect of oxygen concentration on embryonic development, in vitro fertilized embryos were cultured in media(TCM199 vs. SOF) supplemented sera(1O% FCS vs. 10% HS) with and without bovine oviduct epithelial cells under two gas atmosphere (5% $CO_2$ in air vs. 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$). Oocytes, obtained from abattoir ovaries, were matured in EGF containing TCM199 medium co-cultured with BOEC for 24 hours, followed by exposure to frozen-thawed, heparin4reated spermatozoa in TALP for 30 hours. And then early embryos(1~2 cell) were cultured in both TCM199 and SOF supplemented with 10% FCS or 10% RS under 5% $CO_2$ in air or 5% COi, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$. Development to morulae and blastocysts was recorded on days 7, after the start of in vitro fertilization. The developmental rates of in vitro fertilized embryos to morulae and blastocysts cultured in SOF with BOEC under 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$(24.4%) were significantly(p<0.05) higher than cultured in SOF with BOEC under 5% $CO_2$ in air(14.1%) at seven days after in vitro fertilization. When early bovine embryos were cultured in TCM 199 and SOF under two different gas atmosphere, there were no significant differences in the developmental rates to morulae and blastocysts between supplements of 10% FCS and 10% HS. The rates of development to morulae and blastocysts were significantly(p<0.01) higher in TCM 199 with BOEC(24.7%) than TCM199 without BOEC(10.9%) under 5% $CO_2$ in air, otherwise SOF without BOEC(36.4%) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in SOF with BOEC (24.4%) under 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$. In summary, these experiments have proved that the culture system in SOF supplemented 10% ES is effective on in vitro development of early bovine embryos under 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$. In addition, it is effective to development of bovine embryos that TCM 199 should be co-cultured with BOEC and SOF should be cultured without somatic cells under two different gas atmosphere.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.969-976
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• 2009

Use of oocytes from prepubertal animals for in vitro embryo production holds potential application for reducing generation intervals and increasing genetic progress through embryo transfer. The objective of these studies was to compare the effect of three sperm pretreatments (prior to in vitro fertilization) and seven embryo culture protocols on fertilization rate and (or) subsequent development of in vitro fertilized embryos derived from oocytes harvested from ovaries of 1-6 month old prepubertal Boer goats in China. Cleavage rates were highest for embryos fertilized with heparin-treated versus calcium ionophore- or caffeine-treated sperm. Similar rates of blastocyst development were observed using heparin- and ionophore-treated sperm, which were higher than obtained with caffeine-treated sperm. No differences in cleavage or blastocyst rates were observed following embryo culture in basal medias (synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF), Charles Rosenkrans 1 (CR1) or tissue culture medium-199 (TCM-199)) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cumulus or oviductal cell co-culture did not enhance cleavage or blastocyst rates relative to culture in SOF+10% FBS. Replacement of FBS in SOF medium with 0.3% BSA increased cleavage rates, but did not increase rates of blastocyst development. Sequential culture in SOF+0.3% BSA followed by SOF+10% FBS increased blastocyst yield versus continuous culture in SOF+10% FBS and tended to increase blastocyst yield versus continuous culture in SOF+0.3% BSA. These results demonstrate a pronounced effects of sperm pretreatments and in vitro embryo culture systems on rates of blastocyst development and provide a potential protocol (sperm pretreatment with heparin and sequential embryo culture in SOF+0.3% BSA followed by SOF+10% FBS) for generation of the significant numbers of in vitro produced blastocysts from oocytes of prepubertal Boer goats necessary for application of embryo transfer in rural regions of China for distribution of Boer goat genetics.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.187-195
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• 1995

The present study carried out to determine the developmental capacity of bovine oocytes matured in epidermal growth factor(EGF)-containing medium, the developmental competence of bovine embryos using synthetic oviduct fluid(SOF) and the effect of glucose on the development of bovine embryos. In experiment 1, oocytes, obtained from abattoir ovaries, were matured in EGF-containing medium for 24 hours, followed by exposure to Korean native cattle spermatozoa for 18 hours and cultured by utilizing co-culture system with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) in TCM199. In experiment 2, early bovine embryos were cultured in SOF with or without BOEC and compared with those in TCM199 with BOEC. In experiment 3, bovine embryos were cultured in the presence or absence of glucose. Seven and ten days after in vitro fertilization, developmental competence of embryos were evaluated. The rate of cleavage was significantly(P<0.05) higher in EGF-containing maturation medium(70.0%) than in control(57.7%). The rates of development to morulae and blastocysts were 30.6% and 23.3% there was no significant difference between them. The rates of in vitro fertilized embryos to morulae and blastocysts cultured in SOF with BOEC(30.4%) and in TCM199 with BOEC(38.0%) were significantly(P<0.01) higher than cultured in SOF without BOEC(13.4%) at seven days after in vitro fertilization. The rates of embryos to blastocysts cultured in SOF with BOEC(29.4%) and in TCM199 with BOEC(35.9%) were significantly(P<0.05) higher than cultured in SOF without BOEC(13.4%) at ten days after in vitro fertilization. The rates of early embryos to morulae and blastocysts cultured in the presence or absence of glucose were 12.2% and 17.5% each other, there was no significant difference between them. The results show that bovine oocytes matured in the presence of EGF can cleave better, SOF with BOEC can replace serum containing complex media, TCM199 with BOEC in bovine embryo culture and glucose have little effect on the culture of early bovine embryos.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2020년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.218-220
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• 2020

배터리 팩을 구성하는 단위 셀들은 전기화학적 특성으로 인해 다양한 내부 파라미터들이 동일한 값을 가지지 않고 편차가 있으며, 편차가 심할 경우 과방전 및 과충전의 원인이 될 수 있다. 기존의 연구된 SOF (State-Of-Function) 알고리즘의 경우 SOC (State-Of-Charge), SOH (State-Of-Health)와 같은 파라미터를 하나의 수식으로 정의하여 배터리 팩의 가용 전력을 예측하는 지표로써 사용되어 왔으나, 본 논문에서 제안하는 새로운 SOF 알고리즘은 배터리 팩 내부의 단위 셀간 파라미터들의 편차를 하나의 수식으로 정의하여 배터리 팩의 안전 상태를 나타낼 수 있는 지표로써 활용한다. SOF 알고리즘을 통해 배터리 팩의 안전 상태를 확인하고 검증하기 위해 21700 NMC(LiNiMnCoO₂) 계열의 고용량 배터리를 14S40P로 구성한 배터리 팩을 사용했다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

This paper is to investigated the analysis of performance characteristics of diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for diesel vehicle with 2.5L piston displacement. The performance evaluation test of DOC applied to test diesel vehicle was carried out for four kinds of DOCs manufactured from different company. The testing DOCs were randomly selected from the retrofit vehicle and then standard test vehicle that was representative for the application group was equipped with DOC for the test. In this verification test, the reduction rate of particulate matter (P.M.) and the deviation of the performance of the DOC were examined through CVS-75 mode of the standard vehicle and SOF reduction rate of specific DOC was investigated. It was found that some DOCs failed to pass the criteria of the P.M. reduction rate because of the reason seen catalyst aging even if they were same devices. In the result of SOF analysis, the specific DOC showed more PM reduction than SOF of PM. reduction exceptionally.