• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.186-194
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• 2016

In this study, a co-axial flow induced microfluidic chip to fabricate pure collagen type I microfiber via the control of collagen type I and Na-alginate gelation process. The pure collagen type I microfiber was generated by selective degradation of Ca-alginate from 'Core-Shell' structured hydrogel microfiber. To make 'Core-Shell' structure, collagen type I solution was introduced into core channel and 1.5% Na-alginate solution was injected into side channel in microfluidic chip. To evaluatethe 'Core-Shell' structure, the red and green fluorescence substances were mixed into collagen type I and Na-alginate solution, respectively. The fluorescence substances were uniformly loaded into each fiber, and the different fluorescence images were dependent on their location. By immoblizing EpH4-Ras and C6 cells within collagen type I and Na-alginate solution, we sucessfully demonstrated the co-culture of EpH4-Ras and C6 cells with 'Core-Shell' like hydrogel microfiber for 5 days. Only to produce pure collagen type I hydrogel fiber, tri-sodium citrate solution was used to dissolve the shell-like Ca-alginate hydrogel fiber from 'Core-Shell' structured hydrogel microfiber, which is an excellent advantage when the fiber is employed in three-dimensional scaffold. This novel method could apply various application in tissue engineering and biomedical engineering.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.482-491
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• 1992

Experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of pH change and sodium alginate, gum karaya and gum arabic on the foaming properties of soy protein isolate (SPI). The surface tensions of SPI solution (5%) adding to gums at pH 4.0 and 5.0, near the isoelectric point (pH 4.5) were higher than those at pH 7.0 and 8.0. Specific viscosity of the solutions adding to gums (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%) at pH 7.0 and 8.0 were $3.6{\sim}51.8$ and $4.0{\sim}51.2$, respectively. In cases of addition of sodium alginates specific viscosity were predominantly increased, while those of gum arabic did not almost increase. Addition of gums reduced the overrun, but it stabilized the foams, especially those of sodium alginates (0.2%) increased the foam stability at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0 by 57, 413 and 315%, respectively. Foaming ability, foam stability and heat stability of the foam were significantly (p<0.05) affected by changing pH. There was a tendency to increase the foaming ability according to the decrease of surface tension. Specific viscosity was also important in foam stability and heat stability.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2004

In this work, we prepared hydrogels for wound dressing from a mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and alginate using the $\^$60/Co ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation technique. We examined the physical properties of these hydrogels, including gelation, water absorptivity, and gel strength, to evaluate the applicability of these hydrogels for wound dressings. The biocompatibility of these hydrogels was also evaluated in vitro, in cultures of mouse fibroblasts, and in vivo, by subcutaneous implantation studies in rats. The gel content and strength increased upon increasing the radiation dose and upon decreasing the concentration of alginate. The degree of swelling was inversely proportional to the gel content and strength. The degree of cytotoxicity of the ${\gamma}$-ray-treated hydrogels was ca. 60% compared to the (－) control (serum) after 1 day of incubation. When the incubations were prolonged up to 2 days, the toxicity of all the samples decreased remarkably and reached that of the control. Subcutaneous implantation studies in rats indicated that foreign body reactions occurring around the implanted hydrogels were moderate and became minimal upon increasing the implantation time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.418-423
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• 2007

Meats with alginate binders including sodium alginate, glucono-delta-lactone and calcium carbonate were tested in restructured steaks made from M. pectoralis profundus of beef steers in terms of meat quality and binding ability by tumbling time. The treatment with 25 min tumbling time was significantly lower (p<0.05) for crude protein than 5 and 15 min, while higher (p<0.05) for moisture content. This corresponded with sensory panel juiciness ratings, which showed the treatment for longer tumbling times to be significantly juicier (p<0.05) than that for a shorter time. Cooking loss decreased (p<0.05) linearly with an increased tumbling time, and Kramer shear force also significant decreased (p<0.05) with tumbling time. This corresponded with sensory panel tenderness ratings, which showed that the treatment for longer tumbling times was more tender (p<0.05). The texture results indicated that longer tumbling time had lower (p<0.05) hardness and chewiness values. Sensory panels ranked binding ability in the order 5 min, 15 min and 25 min from best to worst, and the overall acceptability for slices from roasts of treatments for 5 and 15 min were rated by the sensory panelists as moderate to very acceptable, but those for 25 min were rated as fair to moderate.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.326-332
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• 2018

In this study,the result shows that polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate are better among the different methods by comparing the relative mechanical strength, mechanical strength swelling and expansion coefficient of beads in water. Subsequently, anammox biomass entrapment by PVA-SA gel was introduced into continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). After 24 operation days, the nitrogen removal efficiency achieved 60%, while the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) was $0.14kgN/m^3/d$ and the experiment data indicated that PVA-SA gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate can be used to initiate anammox process. Furthermore, it is an alternative for culturing anammox in a long-term operation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.342-350
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• 1999

Photobacterium phosphoreum was used in order to study response to heavy metal including $HgCl_2$, $CdCl_2$, $MnSO_4$ and $ZnSO_4$ in view of developing monitoring system for toxic substances. The concentrations of heavy metal causing 50% reduction($EC_{50}$) in bioluminescence intensity were determined with both free and immobilized P. phosphoreum. The bioluminescence responses were examined at various concentrations of heavy metal after 10, 20 and 30 min of exposure. The linear correlation between Gamma values and concentrations of heavy metal was obtained and $EC_{50}$ was calculated from the linear correlation. The significant inhibitory concentrations for bioluminescence emission were found to be 0.05mg/L for $HgCl_2$, 25mg/L for $CdCl_2$, 50mg/L for $MnSO_4$ and 12.5mg/L for $ZnSO_4$, respectively. The free cell and disc type were shown to be more sensitive to heavy metal than cells mixed with Na-alginate or immobilized on Sr-alginate. However, the linear regression curves were derived from the Sr-alginate immobilized cells indicating the immobilization method is a useful tool for monitoring of heavy metal under more stable condition of bioluminescence.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.589-595
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• 2015

Alginates are used to encapsulate various materials, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study examined the properties and oxidation stability of fish oil capsules manufactured with calcium alginate gels. The fish oil capsules were manufactured by dropping sodium alginate solution and fish oil into a calcium chloride solution through nozzles. The membrane thickness, sphericity, rupture strength and deformation depth of the fish oil capsules were determined. The peroxide value of the fish oil was assayed to determine the oxidation stability of the capsules. The capsules measured approximately 3 mm with a membrane thickness of 90 μm independent of the amount of fish oil added. As the amount of fish oil encapsulated increased, the sphericity, rupture strength and deformation depth of the capsules decreased. The encapsulation efficiency increased until the amount of fish oil was 30%. The oxidation stability of fish oil in capsules was dependent on the type of nozzle, e.g., the oxidation stability of fish oil in capsules made using a double nozzle was greater than with a single nozzle. These results should lead to industrial application of fish oils including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, as nutraceuticals.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.681-687
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• 2020

Physicochemical properties of fucoidan and alginate extracted from Sargassium horneri were investigated. The alginates were extracted and purified via three different routes (CaCl₂, HCl and ethanol routes), and their rheological properties at various concentrations and temperatures were determined. The yield of fucoidan was 3.08%, and it was mainly composed of fucose and galactose. Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of fucoidan showed strong absorption band at 1,254 and 827 cm^-1 corresponding to the sulfate group. Flow behavior of the alginate solution was characterized using the power-law model. The consistency index increased with increasing concentrations. The sodium alginate solution (1.5%) exhibited Newtonian behavior when extracted via the CaCl₂ and HCl routes, while it exhibited pseudoplastic behavior when extracted via the ethanol route. The effect of temperature on the flow behavior was investigated in terms of the activation energy (E_a), which was obtained using the Arrhenius equation. The E_a value corresponding to the alginate solution decreased with increasing shear rates. The E_a values corresponding to the alginate solutions purified via the CaCl₂, HCl, and ethanol routes were 13.54-18.64 kJ/mol, 13.42-19.21 kJ/mol, and 9.51-10.67 kJ/mol, respectively. The low E_a values corresponding to the solutions extracted via the ethanol route suggest that the flow behavior does not depend significantly on temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2008

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.481-488
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• 2012

The anionic exchange polymer, poly(vinyl amine)(PVAm), was coated onto polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes by using 'salting-out' method. The effects of the fouling phenomena for these PVAm coated membranes were investigated using the model foulants, bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), and sodium alginate (SA). The surface coating and the fouling phenomena were observed by the scanning electron microscopy. And the flux was measured for each 100 ppm of above foulant aqueous solution at the operating pressure, 2, 4, 8 bar. The PVAm-coated PA membranes showed somewhat fouling improvements and the fouling reduction was shown in the order of HA > SA > BSA, particularly HA case was distinct.