• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1447-1452
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to develop a healthy Sulgidduk, a kind of rice cake, added with Portulaca oleracea L.. The effects of P. oleracea L. paste (0% 1%, 3%, or 5%) on the quality characteristics of Sulgidduk were evaluated. As the concentration of P. oleracea L. paste increased, pH decreased and acidity increased. The reducing sugar contents (%) increased with the amount of P. oleracea L. paste. The Hunter a and b values of Sulgidduk increased with an increase in P. oleracea L. paste concentration, whereas L value decreased. DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity of P. oleracea L. Sulgidduk increased with increasing P. oleracea L. paste contents. The sensory results show that overall preference of Sulgidduk with a P. oleracea L paste content of 3% was higher than those of other treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

To develop physiological functionality of Omija extracted with water was evaluated on antioxidative activity. Omija, high acid material with pH 3.6, contain $57.5{\pm}1.03%$ of moisture, and $18.8{\pm}0.12%$ of crude fat. This material have $12.6{\pm}0.04%$ of carbohydrate and $11.1{\pm}0.07%$ of crude protein as well, but ash and crude protein contents were found less than 10%. 10 mineral contents were also found, too; K and Ca showed the highest level, then Al, Mg, Na and Mn were followed. In composition amino acid contents, glutamic acid took the largest portion, $131.7{\pm}1.3$ mg/100 g, aspartic acid $51.5{\pm}0.6%$, and other composition amino acid under 50%. In case of free sugar contents, 7 types were found. Most of them were glucose and fructose. Total phenolic compounds showed the highest level, $2,862.6{\pm}31.7$ mg/100 g. $197.8{\pm}14.6$ mg/100 g of flavonoid and $225.6{\pm}18.2$ mg/100 g were included. In terms of electron donating ability, radical scavenging ability activated as the amount of Omija extract increased. In particular, Omija extract in 1,000 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ demonstrated almost similar electron donating ability, $72.4{\pm}0.21%$, to BHT. It was also found that antioxidant activities of electron donating ability, SOD-like ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and nitrite scavenging ability were highly promoted as Omija extract concentration increased. The nitrite scavenging ability was significant when the extract belonged to strong acid region and doping concentrations increased.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2017

In this study, quality characteristics and antioxidative activities were comparatively evaluated between the macaron with egg white powder added at the ratios of 2, 4, 6 and 8% and the macaron with added liquid egg white, in order to determine the applicability of the macaron with added egg white powder. The analysis of amino acids indicated that the group with 8% of egg white powder added showed the highest total amino acid content of 7,584.20 mg/100 g. The group with 4% of egg white powder added showed the highest sweetness (p<0.01); whereas, and the group with 2% of egg white powder added showed the highest pH (p<0.001). In terms of the chromaticity, L (p<0.01) and a values (p<0.05) were increased with the increasing percentage of added egg white powder. With the increasing percentage of added egg white powder, textures such as hardness (p<0.01), chewiness (p<0.05), gumminess (p<0.001), and cohesiveness (p<0.001) decreased; whereas, adhesiveness (p<0.001) and springiness (p<0.01) increased. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated the highest preference for the macaron containing 6% white egg powder, in all items. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, and reducing power were increased with increasing amounts of added egg white powder (p<0.001). Collectively, the results indicated that the production of macaron with the addition of 6% of egg white powder is the most suitable mixing ratio for enhancing the preference and quality level.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidative activity of feral haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) seed extracts using 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol and ethyl acetate (EA). The total phenol content of the five extracts ranged from 37.29 mg/g to 55.53 mg/g. Moreover, the content was high in the 70% methanol and, 70% ethanol extracts, but low in the n-butanol extract. On the contrary, the total flavonoid content decreased in the order of n-butanol (2.93 mg/g), EA (2.67 mg/g), 70% methanol (1.00 mg/g), 70% ethanol (0.88 mg/g) and CM (0.67 mg/g) extracts. The $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay and, superoxide dismutase (SOD) like ability decreased in the order of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, EA and, n-butanol extracts; further, a similar tendency was also observed in the total phenol contents. Overall, these results indicated that the antioxidative activity of feral haw seeds was closely related to the total phenol and flavonoid contents. Therefore, haw seeds might be usefully applied to natural antioxidants as well as functional foods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.859-865
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate proximate composition and antioxidant activity in extracts from Zizyphus jujuba fruits (ZF), leaves (ZL), mixture of them (ZM) and fermented mixture (FZM) for development medicated food. The contents of total carbohydrate and free sugar in ZF were 82.37 and 64.18 g/100 g, highest contents among all the extracts. The contents of free sugar in ZL was 19.39 g/100 g, but FZM was 10.01 g/100 g lower than ZL. The concentrations of total polyphenolic compounds in 1 mg/$m{\ell}$ concentration were 90.96 ${\mu}g$/mg for ZL, 22.39 ${\mu}g$/mg for ZF, 83.67 ${\mu}g$/mg for ZM, 70.92 ${\mu}g$/mg for FZM. DPPH radical scavenging activity at 1 mg/$m{\ell}$ concentration was 51.07% for BHT, 46.32% for ZL, 39.54% for ZM, 34.68% for FZM. ZF did not express activity. SOD like activity at 1 mg/$m{\ell}$ concentration was 67.16% for BHT, 75.33% for ZL, 17.42% for ZF, 68.22% for ZM, 59.81% for FZM. The antioxidant activity of the fruits of Z. jujuba (ZF) prominently lower than that of the leaves (ZL), but a mixture of leaves and fruits enhanced the antioxidant activity. And fermentation is not enhanced the antioxidant activity of extracts Z. jujuba

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2014

The Salvia plebeia R. which is the biennial plant belonging to the labiatae department, grows widely in Korea. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities and anti-allergic effects of Salvia plebeia R. leaves (SPLE) or roots (SPRE). Using ethanol extracts, both leaves and roots induced significant radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of SPLE was significantly higher than that of SPRE at all concentrations. Treatment of the RBL-2H3 cells with SPLE and SPRE in vitro decreased ${\beta}$-Hexosaminidase release and significantly inhibited IgE-antigen complex-mediated IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression in RBL-2H3 cells. These findings suggest that Salvia plebeia R. can protect or reduce allergic asthma through high antioxidant and anti-allergic reactions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.28-42
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• 2006

Tannins are phenolic compounds that precipitate proteins and composed of a very diverse group of oligomers and polymers. Tannins are potential biological antioxidants, which are widely believed to be an important line of defense against oxidative damage and may participate in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Persimmon(Diospyros kaki L.) has been cultivated in East Asia and is a good source of nutritional antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids and tannins. In general persimmon peel was regarded as a waste matter, although based on recent studies, the peel contains more carotenoids and polyphenols than pulp. Several investigation conducted in experimental animals have reported that dietary persimmon fruit and peel effectively lowered the levels of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. We conducted experiments to investigate in vitro antioxidative activities of persimmon peel powder (PP) and its soluble tannin extract (ST) and their dietary effects on productive performances and physiological responses in poultry. The PP and ST exhibited in vitro antioxidative activity in SOD - like activity model. The yolk color and eggshell color were significantly improved by the addition of PP and ST into layer diets. The contents of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipid of liver in the groups fed diets containing PP and ST tended to be reduce as compared with those of control. With adding of PP and ST, Haugh unit was increased after 7 and 14 days of storage. In conclusion, PP and ST can be used as valuable feed additives for reducing hepatic lipid contents without harmful effects on overall productive performances and physiological responses in laying hens.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of extract from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal midium (OCM) considered effective for the treatment of diabetes. Methods : We examined antioxidant activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibit activity of OCM and orally administered OCM extracts to Streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratsat the dose of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg body weight. Results : Total polyphenol content of extracts of OCM was 26.41 mg/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity was 32.24% and SOD-like activity was 31.43%. $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibit activity showed 85.3% of acarbose. Blood glucose levels of the OCM extracts-treated groups were lower than those of the diabetic control group (DC), total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were similar to the acarbose-treated group (PC) and ALT, AST were lower than the DC and PC groups. The 300 mg/kg body weight administered group (UM-300) were superior to other OCM-treated groups (UM-100, UM-200). Conclusions : These results showed extract from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal midium has potentiality to beused in pharmaceutical products and medicinal food for preventive and treatment diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1543-1551
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• 2020

Panax ginseng has a wide range of activities including a neuroprotective effect, skin protective effects, enhanced DNA repairing, anti-diabetic activity, and protective effects against vascular inflammation. In the present study, we sought to discover the inhibitory effects of a mixture of natural products containing Panax ginseng, Ziziphus jujube, Rubi fructus, Artemisiae asiaticae and Scutellaria baicalensis (PZRAS) on osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling, as neither the effects of a mixture containing Panax ginseng extract, nor its molecular mechanism on bone inflammation, have been clarified yet. PZRAS upregulated the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, treatment with PZRAS decreased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. PZRAS also inhibited osteoclast differentiation through inhibiting osteoclastspecific genes like MMP-2, 9, cathepsin K, and TRAP in RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, PZRAS has inhibitory functions on the RANKL-stimulated activation of ERK and JNK, which lead to a decrease in the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. In an in vivo study, bone resorption induced by LPS was recovered by treatment with PZRAS in bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) compared to control. Furthermore, the ratio of eroded bone surface of femurs was significantly increased in LPS-treated mice compared to vehicle group, but this ratio was significantly reversed in PZRAS-treated mice. These results suggest that PZRAS could prevent or treat disorders with abnormal bone loss.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.241-251
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• 2008

In this study, isolation of antioxidative compounds was performed for development of anti-oxidizing agent. $CHCl_{3}$, $H_{2}O$, 30%, 60% MeOH, MeOH fractions were examined antioxidative activity by DPPH method, TBARS assay, and SOD like activity. It was revealed that 30%, 60% MeOH fractions had significant antioxidative activity. From 30%, 60% MeOH fraction, nine compounds were isolated and elucidated kaempferol $3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl$ $(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (1), quercetin $7-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (II), quercetin $3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl$ $(1{\rightarrow}6)$ ${\beta}-D-glucopyranoside(rutin)$ (III), 6-hydroxykaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (lV), kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ $(1{\rightarrow}2)$ ${\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (V), kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (VI), luteolin (VII), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (VIII), apigenin $7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranoside$ (IX) through physicochemical data and spectroscopic methods (Negative FAB-MS, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$). Entirely, all compounds had similar antioxidative activity, but more OH group had more antioxidative activity.