• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권10C호
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• pp.923-929
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• 2003

터보 처리는 무선 단일 입출력 통신 시스템과 마찬가지로 무선 다중 입출력 (MIMO: multi-input multi-output)통신 시스템에서도 재귀 처리를 통하여 Shannon Limit 근접하는 방법으로 알려져 왔다. 재귀 처리는 복호와 간섭 제거의 상호 영향을 극대화시킬 수 있으나 LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) 부호는 내부의 복호 처리의 지연으로 인해 터보 처리에 사용되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고속 무선 통신을 위한 터보 병렬 시공간 처리를 갖는 LDPC 부호화된 다중 입출력 시스템을 제시하고 낮은 신호 대 잡음 비 (SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio) 에서 복호된 프레임의 신뢰도를 판정하기 위한 평균 연출력 신드롬 (ASS: Average Soft-Output Syndrom) 기법을 제안한다. 모의 실험 결과는 제시된 시스템이 기존 시스템보다 성능이 뛰어나고 제안된 ASS 기법은 낮은 SNR에서 성능저하 없이 터보 처리의 평균 재귀 횟수를 효과적으로 줄이는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.385-390
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• 2006

This paper examines the sampling and jitter specifications and considerations for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) software receivers. Software radio (SWR) technologies are being used in the implementation of communication receivers in general and GNSS receivers in particular. With the advent of new GPS signals, and a range of new Galileo and GLONASS signals soon becoming available, GNSS is an application where SWR and software-defined radio (SDR) are likely to have an impact. The sampling process is critical for SWR receivers, where it occurs as close to the antenna as possible. One way to achieve this is by BandPass Sampling (BPS), which is an undersampling technique that exploits aliasing to perform downconversion. BPS enables removal of the IF stage in the radio receiver. The sampling frequency is a very important factor since it influences both receiver performance and implementation efficiency. However, the design of BPS can result in degradation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) due to the out-of-band noise being aliased. Important to the specification of both the ADC and its clocking Phase- Locked Loop (PLL) is jitter. Contributing to the system jitter are the aperture jitter of the sample-and-hold switch at the input of ADC and the sampling-clock jitter. Aperture jitter effects have usually been modeled as additive noise, based on a sinusoidal input signal, and limits the achievable Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Jitter in the sampled signal has several sources: phase noise in the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) within the sampling PLL, jitter introduced by variations in the period of the frequency divider used in the sampling PLL and cross-talk from the lock line running parallel to signal lines. Jitter in the sampling process directly acts to degrade the noise floor and selectivity of receiver. Choosing an appropriate VCO for a SWR system is not as simple as finding one with right oscillator frequency. Similarly, it is important to specify the right jitter performance for the ADC. In this paper, the allowable sampling frequencies are calculated and analyzed for the multiple frequency BPS software radio GNSS receivers. The SNR degradation due to jitter in a BPSK system is calculated and required jitter standard deviation allowable for each GNSS band of interest is evaluated. Furthermore, in this paper we have investigated the sources of jitter and a basic jitter budget is calculated that could assist in the design of multiple frequency SWR GNSS receivers. We examine different ADCs and PLLs available in the market and compare known performance with the calculated budget. The results obtained are therefore directly applicable to SWR GNSS receiver design.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2019

본 실험의 목적은 SonoVue를 이용하여 장비 간 MI 값 및 시간 변화에 따른 관계를 유추해 보고, 신호 차이를 비교 분석하는 것이다. 비교 장비 모두 MI 값 증가에 따라 초기에 강한 신호 값을 보였다. 시간의 경과에 따라 장비 간 신호 값은 RS85A의 MI 0.1의 조건의 10분경과를 제외한 모든 조건에서 신호 감소를 보였다. 장비 간 비교에서 EPIQ7, RS85A, E9순으로 높은 값이 나왔고, RS85A와 E9의 SNR과 CNR의 정량적 평가에서 모두 p-value<0.05로 통계적으로 유의하였다. EPIQ7에서의 MI 값의 SNR을 제외한 CNR과 시간에 따른 SNR, CNR 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이를 통해 조영 증강 초음파 검사에 있어 낮은 MI 값 (MI<0.5)이더라도 장비 간 신호 강도 차이가 있으므로 MI 값과 시간을 조절하여 검사하는 것이 권고된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.586-588
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• 2005

The MSC (Multi Spectral Camera) system is a remote sensing payload to obtain high resolution ground image. This system uses lossy image compression method for &Direct mission& that transmit whole image during one contact. But some image degradation occurred especially at high compression ratio. To reduce this degradation, the MSC uses NUC (Non-uniformity Correction) Unit. This unit correct CCD (Charge Coupled Device)'s high-frequency non-uniformity. So high frequency contents of image can be minimized and whole system SNR can be maximized. But NUC has some disadvantage either. It decreases entire system reliability by adding one electronic system. Adding NUC also led to difficulty of electronic design, assembly and testability. In this paper, the comparison is performed between on-orbit non-uniform correction and on ground correction. by evaluating NUC advantage for the point of view of image quality. Using real MSC parameter and proper model, considerable reference point for the system design came to possible.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.96-99
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• 1995

신호원 거리 부정합시 linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) 빔형성기는 원하는 신호를 제거해 버리는 성능 저하를 나타내게 된다. 어레이 공분산 행렬의 eigenstructure 성질을 이용하여 이 문제에 대한 원인 조사를 행한다. 이 원인 규명으로부터 신호원 거리 부정합에 로버스트한 빔형성기를 제안한다. 제안한 빔형성기는 최대 출력 신호 대 답음비를 나타낸다. 신호원이 far field에 있을 시 빔형성기의 weight vector는 bias되지 않는다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1434-1437
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• 1987

We present a very simple algorithm for reducing the encoding (codebook search) complexity of vector quantization (VQ), exploiting some features of a vector currently being encoded. A proposed VQ of 16 (=$4{\times}4$) vector dimension and 256 codewords shows a slight performance degradation of about 0.1-0.9 dB, however, with only 16 or 32 among 256 codeword searches, i.e., with just 1/16 or 1/8 search complexity compared to a full-search VQ. And the proposed VQ scheme is also compared to and shown to be a bit superior to tree-search VQ with regard to their SNR performance and memory requirement.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.605-615
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• 2010

Intercarrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which causes substantial performance degradation in time-varying fading channels, is analyzed. An equivalent spreading code formulation is derived based on the analogy of OFDM and code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Techniques as linear multiuser detection in CDMA systems are applied to suppress the ICI in OFDM systems. The performance of linear detection, measured using multiuser efficiency and asymptotic multiuser efficiency, is analyzed given the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI), which serves as an upper bound for the performance of practical systems. For systems without CSI, time domain and frequency domain channel estimation based linear detectors are proposed. The performance gains and robustness of a linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) filter over a traditional filter (TF) and matched filter (MF) in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime are demonstrated with numerical simulation results.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2014

The most effective method to overcome GPS jamming problem is to use an adaptive array antenna which has the capability of beamforming or nulling to a certain direction. In this paper, Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) beamforming algorithm of four elements array antenna will be designed and the anti-jamming performance will be analyzed. According to the analysis, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and anti-jamming performance can be enhanced by beamforming algorithm. Also, the time tap effect of STAP algorithm will be analyzed theoretically and verified with array antenna modeling and simulation. Specially, the cautious selection of reference time tap in STAP can prevent the degradation of position accuracy performance.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1131-1134
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• 1999

In general CELP type vocoders provide good speech quality around 4.8kbps. Among them, G.723.1 developed for Internet Phone and videoconferencing includes two vocoders, 5.3kbps ACELP and 6.3kbps MO-MLQ. Since 6.3kbps MP-MLQ requires large amount of computation for fixed codebook search, it is difficult to realize real time processing. In order to improve the problem this paper proposes the new method that reduces the processing time up to about 50% of codebook search time. We first decide the grid bit, then search the codebook. Grid bit is selected by comparison between synthetic speech, which is synthesized with only odd or even pulses of target vector. and DC removed original speech. As a result, we reduced the total processing time of G.723.1 MP-MLQ up to about 26.08%. In objective quality test 11.19㏈ of segSNR was obtained, and in subjective quality test there was almost no speech degradation.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
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• pp.182-185
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• 2003

Error performance of two modulation schemes of millimeter-wave over fiber (MMoF) system i.e., optical double side band (ODSB) and optical single side band (OSSB) modulations is analyzed under Rician fading. Bit error rates (BER) of two detection techniques i.e., coherent and noncoherent detection are also compared in Rician fading. In aspect of error performance, ODSB modulation scheme has better BER than OSSB modulation scheme has under Rician fading. On the other hand, OSSB modulation scheme is advantageous in case of considering high bandwidth efficiency and small power degradation. Coherent detection technique is proper in Rician fading, because coherent detection provides more SNR gain whether fading is serious or not. Noncoherent detection can be applied when we need a simple receiver structure.