• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2018

The calorific value of general synthetic natural gas(SNG) mainly composed of methane is $9,300kcal/m^3$ or less. In order to use such synthetic natural gas as city gas in Korea, it is necessary to heat up to $10,200kcal/m^3$. Generally, propane gas is commonly used to control the calorific value of SNG. However, the price of propane gas has fluctuated widely and has been higher than the cost of producing SNG. So if the high-calorie SNG can be produced directly instead of the calorie control by propane mixing, the production price of SNG can be significantly reduced. In this paper, based on the US NETL analysis, we compare the cost of methane based SNG production and the cost of high-calorie SNG direct production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.1211-1218
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to assess the consumption of various seasonings (SNG), which are usually omitted from food frequency questionnaire(FFQ), and their contributions to nutrient intake levels. A dietary survey with FFQ , which surveyed the intake of 65 mainly uncooked food items, was conducted for 493 adults over 30 years of age from 373 households in a rural area of Korea. Household consumption of major SNG items-garlic , red pepper powder, fermented soy bean paste, oil, soy sauce , salt, etc- were estimated by a questionnaire completed by the housewives of the survey participants. The daily consumption of SNG items by each subject was determined by 3 methods ; dividing daily household consumption by \circled1 the number of household members. \circled2 the number of household members over 10 years of age and \circled3 the weighted number of houshold members calculated by the ratio of the RDA for energy. All three methods for calculating the daily personal consumption of seasoning gave similar results, which may have been partly due to the homogenity of family age distribution of the households in the study area. Therefore, the results of method \circled1 were used to determine the contribution of SNG to nutrient intake of subjects in this study. Daily intake of all nutrients were significantly increased by including SNG consumption in the measurements as compared to measuring intake by FFQ alone (p0.01). Percentages of total daily nutrient intake from SNG ranged from 2.3% in carbohydrate to 34.4% in fat. Nutrients with higher contributions from SNG were energy (8.4%), fat (34.4%), Fe(20.55) and $\beta$-carotene(17.9%). These results indicate that SNG consumption can contribute significantly to the intake of several nutrients and must be considered in surveys using FFQ.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.214-225
• /
• 2016

Gasification is one of the important contribution to resource recycling by conversion of biomass to a variety of energy sources such as alcohol, SNG etc., and to global warming prevention by reduction of green house gases such as $CO_2$. The aim of this study is to draw the optimal operation condition of dual fluidized-bed gasifier with biomass fuel, to verify SNG production efficiency and to establish the basis for the domestic commercialization of dual fluidized bed gasification. As a result, dual fluidized-bed gasifier has the optimal conditions at $826^{\circ}C$ with steam input 1,334 g/hr, air input 5.56 L/min. The carbon conversion is 81% and SNG production efficiency was $CH_4$ 92%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2013

The user experience of the game contents refers to the overall experience which players feel in the game play. As this experience increases, the immersion and satisfaction level extend. Therefore, the user experience is an important factor in determining success of the game. This study has the purpose for presenting importance of user experience about SNG (Social Network Game), which is the focal point recently. For this purpose, this study analyzes features of successful SNG game by comparing essential elements of user experience, such as user interface, usability, and interaction design elements. And then, this study discusses the user experience elements for enhancing the possibility of success of SNG game. This study can provide the information which is beneficial to the game immersion of SNG game players and user experience.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2011

This paper is aimed at analyzing the relationship between users' actions in relation to a SNG (Social Network Game), which mainly targets communities, and the motivations that give rise to such selective actions. The subjects of existing researches on game area have rarely dealt with game users but mainly focused on the studies and utilization of game production technologies; and, in cases of studies on games users, their subjects have been hardly more than observations of users' behaviors in relation to the performance to achieve certain goals or themes of a game; for example, upgrading a character's level or obtaining rewards through "defeat". Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the actions of SNS game users from the perspective of behavioral selections caused by various motivations of human beings rather than approaching from the perspective of problem solving methods. In order to accomplish this goal, fist of all, Lazzaro's People Fun model and motivation theory of SNS users will be analyzed. Secondly, relevant materials from 13 SNG cases will be collected. Games' events and the functional actions of users will be classified. Lastly, the primary actions of SNG users will be classified into 8 different types and motivations - action patterns will be analyzed based on the classified materials.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
• /
• 2014.04a
• /
• pp.319-321
• /
• 2014

카카오톡, 페이스북 등의 소셜 네트워크 서비스(Social Network Service: SNS)가 발전함에 따라 이를 기반으로 하는 소셜 네트워크 게임(Social Network Game: SNG)이 지인과 함께 가볍게 즐길 수 있다는 장점을 내세워 유저들로부터 많은 호응을 얻고 있다. 특히 SNG가 갖는 장점은 언제 어디서나 즐길 수 있는 스마트폰 앱에 접목되면서 그 효과가 극대화되고 있다. 이에 많은 개발사들이 앞다투어 SNG 개발에 참여를 하고 있는 상황이지만 다양한 SNS 서비스 플랫폼에 비해 SNG 개발을 위한 공개 엔진은 없는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 SNS 플랫폼을 통해 공통으로 사용할 수 있는 통합 관리 소셜 네트워크 엔진을 개발하는 과정과 구현된 엔진을 사용하여 디바이스를 통한 그래픽 출력 성능을 실험하였으며, 실험 결과 기존의 SNG와의 속도차이가 없음을 보여 주어 게임 구현하기에 충분함을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2019

An experimental study was conducted to measure laminar burning velocity and Markstein length of SNG fuel with 3% of hydrogen contents from spherical propagating flames at normal and elevated initial pressure. These results were compared with numerical calculations by Premix code with GRI-mech 3.0, USC II and UC San Diego to provide suitable mechanism for SNG fuel. As a result of this work, it was found that the burning velocities and Markstein lengths of SNG fuel decrease with increase of initial pressure regardless of equivalence ratio. In addition, numerical calculations with GRI-mech 3.0 were coincided with experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.409-412
• /
• 2012

This Paper studied out prototype and the structure of Cultural Archetype Contents on Social Network Game. Interaction with the platform have the information that aims to develop relationships with SNG. The paradigm is changing the Cultural Archetype Contents. Today Cultural Archetype Contents is a major topic in Game Contents and this issue has influenced the game design and Story Telling. And I hope that they will be fine an alternative strategy of Cultural Archetype Contents and SNG.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.116.2-116.2
• /
• 2010

석유의 고갈과 고유가 시대에 직면한 현재 전 세계적으로 매장량이 풍부하고 안정적으로 공급이 가능한 석탄 활용에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 석탄의 활용 분야 중 석탄 가스화(Coal gasifier)에서 유도된 합성가스를 이용하여 합성천연가스(SNG) 생산을 할 수 있는 메탄화(Methanation) 공정에서는 대부분 Ni계열 촉매를 사용하고 있는데, 촉매를 설계하는 관점에서 담체(Support), 조촉매(Promoter), Ni의 함량 등과 같은 설계 변수에 따라 촉매의 활성과 함께 메탄 수율이 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 담체상에 Ni를 담지 하여 20bar 압력에서 SNG 반응에 높은 활성을 보일 수 있는 촉매를 확보하고자 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 $NiO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 가장 우수한 활성을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $NiO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3$ 상에 Cerium, Ferric oxide 조촉매를 첨가하여 SNG 반응 활성 평가를 수행하였다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2012

Primarily working on SNS(Social Network Service) platform, the SNG(Social Network Game) utilizes friends and neighbors for invitation and play. Based on the value model of HCI, this paper purports to discover how functional, hedonic, social and personal values predict the continuous usage intention and satisfaction of SNG in a smartphone. Hypothesis testing through structural equation modeling shows that hedonic and functional values affect satisfaction and intention to use of SNG while social and personal values do not. This result implies that fun and easy interface are more important to the success of SNG service than social networking motivation.