• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, promote muscle protein synthesis. However, obesity may interfere with protein synthesis by dysregulating mitochondrial function in the muscles. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intake levels of BCAA and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in middle-aged participants, and the effect of obesity/abdominal obesity on this association. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The data of 3,966 men and women aged 50-64 years who participated in the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Intake levels of energy-adjusted dietary amino acids were obtained using a 24-hour dietary recall. SMI was calculated by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by body weight (kg) and multiplying the result by 100%. Multivariable general linear models were used to analyze the association of dietary BCAA intake levels with SMI. RESULTS: The beneficial effects of energy-adjusted dietary BCAA intakes on SMI were greater in the non-obesity/non-abdominal obesity groups; however, no significant associations were observed in the obesity/abdominal obesity groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy weight and sufficient intake of dietary BCAA are recommended to maintain muscle mass.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.194-199
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the number of remaining natural teeth (NRT) and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in older adults. Methods: This study was based on data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. The participants were 2,378 older participants (984 men and 1,394 women) aged over 65 years. Survey dentists conducted oral health examinations, and ASM was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The participants with $NRT{\geq}20$ had more ASM and SMI than those with NRT<20 in both sexes. SMI was correlated with NRT in men (r=0.018, p<0.001) and in women (r=-0.007, p<0.001). The positive correlation between the NRT and SMI remained significant in men even after adjusting for age, marital status, income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, protein intake, energy intake, calcium intake, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, medications, and prostheses (${\beta}=0.011$, p=0.001). In women, the correlation disappeared after adjustment for smoking, alcohol, physical activity, protein intake, energy intake, calcium intake, marital status, income, fasting basal glucose, medication administration, and prostheses. Conclusion: This study showed a correlation between NRT and SMI in those ${\geq}65$ years of age in Korea. The relationship persisted in men, but not in women, even after adjusting for confounders.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2E
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• pp.47-62
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• 1993

SMI 방법은 수치적인 불안정성과 아울러 많은 계산량을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 역 공분산 행렬의 Cholesky 분할을 이용하여 SMI 방법보다 효율적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 적응 빔 형상과 검출이 하나의 구조로 실현되며 이에 피룡한 역 공분산 행렬의 Cholesky factor는 secondary 입력으로부터 GS 프로세서를 이용하여 추정한다. 제안한 구조의 중요한 특징은 공분산 행렬과 Cholesky factor를 직접 구할 필요가 없다는 점이며, 또한 GS 프로세서의 장점을 이용한 systolic 구조를 사용함으로써 효율적인 계산을 수행할 수 있다. 모의 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법의 성능과 SMI 방법의 성능을 서로 비교하였다. 또한 nonhomogeneous 환경에서 동작하기 위한 방법이 제시되었으며, 아울러 계산량이 많은 GS 구조의 단점을 극복하기 위해 lattice-GS 구조를 이용하는 방법을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.416-419
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• 2014

스미싱(SMiShing) 공격은 문자메시지(SMS)를 이용하여 정보를 유출하거나 타인에게 피해를 주는 행위를 일컫는다. 본 논문에서는 공격자의 공격유형에 따라 스미싱을 "직접 정보 유출", "파밍/피싱 사이트 유도", "악성어플리케이션 다운로드 유도"로 분류하였고 스미싱 공격의 시나리오를 통해 스미싱 공격을 표현하였다. 그 후 스미싱 방지 기술 동향을 파악을 위한 기존의 대응 기법들을 조사를 하고 기존의 스미싱 탐지 기법인 URL 검사와 APK 파일 분석 기법을 접목시킨 스미싱 탐지 모델을 제안한다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-56
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an imagery-focused music listening program for improving emotion regulation among infertile women. For the program development in this study, the literature on emotional issues and coping strategy of infertile women was analyzed to establish theoretical foundation; and the literature on Supportive Music and Imagery (SMI) was analyzed to identify intervention components. Based on the established theoretical framework, the program was developed and finalized after evaluation of validity by four SMI professionals. The developed program was found to systematically target changes in emotions in the step-wise process of discovery, reinforcement, and affirmation of positive emotional resources. The list of music for future use was also identified and presented after systematic analysis of musical features in relation to valence and arousal of emotions. The imagery-focused music listening program was an initial approach to infertile women with SMI, which indicates the possibility of extended application for broadened clinical population.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 1995

In order to investigate the relationship between the menarche and the bone maturity of growing girls, the author interviewed about the date of menarche of 70 girls and assessed their bone maturity by hand-wrist radiographs. The results and conclusion were as iollows ; 1. The mean menarcheal age was $12.04{\pm}0.82$ year. 2. There was significant correlation between the time interval after menarche and the ossification stage. 3. The skeletal maturation level at menarche was stage SMI 7 and SMI 8. 4. There was statistically different among the time intervals after menarche according to the ossification stage. 5. The epiphyseal union of radius began about 2 years after menarche. According to this study, the probability of clinical use can be accepted in some range. In another words, skeletal age can be predicted by just interviewing the date and time interval of menarche without hand-wrist radiograph, also, with this information, the level of maxillofacial growth can be assessed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.179-187
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• 1992

Poly(styrene-co-maliec anhydride) was reacted with aromatic amines such as aniline, p-toluidine, and p-chloroaniline in 10% (w/w) DMF solution to convert maleic anhydride units into maleimides. Optimum reaction conditions for cyclodehydration step of imide ring formation were : (a) reaction temp. of $80^{\circ}C$ (b) mole ratios of cyclodehydration agents : anhydride units in SMA/acetic anhydride/sodium acetate/triethyl amine= 1.0/2.0/0.2/1.1. $T_g$of SMI(imide modified SMA) was increased with increasing degree of imidization, but $T_g$leveled off in the early stage of imide content. And $T_g$of SMI was increased with the following order of amines used for imidization reagents : aniline < p-toluidine < p-chloroaniline.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between maxillary canine's dental maturity and skeletal maturity of growing children. Cephalometric radiographs, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs of 299 children aged 6 - 17 years were analyzed to measure the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS), skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) and Demirjian index (DI). Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between dental maturity and skeletal maturity. There was significant positive correlation between the DI and CVMS in both boys and girls (p = 0.000). Similarly positive correlation was found between the DI and SMI (p = 0.000). The results of this study suggest that the dental maturity of maxillary canine can be used as auxiliary maturity indicator in growing children.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images obtained using different voxel sizes in measuring trabecular bone microstructure in comparison to micro-CT. Materials and Methods: Twelve human skull bones containing posterior-mandibular alveolar bone regions were analyzed. CBCT images were obtained at voxel sizes of 0.075mm(high: HI) and 0.2mm(standard: Std), while microCT imaging used voxel sizes of 0.06 mm (HI) and 0.12 mm (Std). Analyses were performed using CTAn software with the standardized automatic global threshold method. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the consistency and agreement of paired measurements for bone volume (BV), percent bone volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular separation (TbSp), trabecular number (TbN), trabecular pattern factor(TbPf), and structure model index (SMI). Results: When compared to micro-CT, CBCT images had higher BV, BV/TV, and TbTh values, while micro-CT images had lower BS, TbSp, TbN, TbPf, and SMI values (P<0.05). The BV, BV/BT, TbTh, and TbSp variables were higher with Std voxels, whereas the BS, TbPf, and SMI variables were higher with HI voxels for both imaging methods. For each imaging modality and voxel size evaluated, BV, BS, and TbTh were significantly different(P<0.05). TbN, TbPf, and SMI showed statistically significant differences between imaging methods(P<0.05). The consistency and absolute agreement between micro-CT and CBCT were excellent for all variables. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the potential of high-resolution CBCT imaging for quantitative bone morphometry assessment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.3-13
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• 2006

Although the drought impacts are comparably not catastrophic, the results from the drought are fatal in various social and economical aspects. Different from other natural hazards including floods, drought advances slowly and spreads widely, so that the preparedness is quite important and effective to mitigate the impacts from drought. Soil moisture depletion directly resulted from rainfall shortage is highly related with drought, especially for crops and vegetations, therefore a drought can be evaluated using soil moisture conditions. In this study, SMI (Soil Moisture Index) was developed to measure a drought condition using soil moisture model and frequency analysis for return periods. Runs theory was applied to quantify the soil moisture depletions for the drought condition in terms of severity, magnitude and duration. In 1994, 1995, 2000, and 2001, Korea had experienced several severe droughts, so the SMI developed was applied to evaluate applicability in the mid-range hydrologic unit watershed scale. From the results, SMI demonstrated the drought conditions with a quite sensitive manner and can be used as an indicator to measure a drought condition.