• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

This study aimed to compare on sensory and nutritional characteristics between seasoned Laver Pyropia yezoensis with concentrates of octopus Octopus vulgaris cooking effluent (SL-COCE) and commercial seasoned laver (C-SL). Proximate composition of SL-COCE was significantly higher in moisture and ash, lower in lipid than those of C-SL. However, there was no differences in protein between seasoned lavers (P<0.05). The SL-COCE was stronger in sensory appearance, taste, flavor and texture than the C-SL. The SL-COCE was higher in mineral (Ca, P, K, Fe and Zn) than the C-SL. Total amino acid content of SL-COCE was slightly higher than that of C-SL. The major amino acids of SL-COCE were aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. Mineral content based on the 100 g of SL-COCE was 272.3 mg in calcium, 392.2 mg in phosphorus, 1,025.8 mg in potassium, 10.6 mg in iron, 4.4 mg in zinc, which was higher than C-SL. Total content of fatty acid per the 100 g of SL-COCE was 35,098 mg, which was lower than C-SL (39,679 mg). The major fatty acids of SL-COCE were 16:0, 18:1n-9 and 18:2n-6.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2014

The Morphological characteristics of four species of Korean Abalone species, Nordotis discus hannai, N. discus discus, N. gigantea, N. madaka were compared. then Phenotypic traits were characterized. we collected from coast of samchonpo, sacjon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do and jeju-do of korea 69 individual of Nordotis discus hannai from 2013 December to 2014 January, 180 individual of N. discus, 72 individual of N. gigantea and 54 individual of N. madaka respectively then morphological traits of theses species characteristics were compared. The relationship between Shell length (SL), shell breth (SB), shell height (SH) and total weigh (TW) was expressed by the following equation: SB = 0.6346SL + 3.9082 ($R^2$ = 0.8956), SH = 0.2399SL + 3.2609 ($R^2$ = 0.8024), $TW=0.0009SL^{2.5622}$ ($R^2$ = 0.8088) in the Haliotis discus hannai, SB = 0.7249SL + 1.8035 ($R^2$ = 0.9634), SH = 0.3115SL - 11.223 ($R^2$ = 0.8593), $TW=0.0001SL^{2.9696}$ ($R^2$ = 0.8956) in the H. discus discus, SB = 0.7730SL - 1.1931 ($R^2$ = 0.933), SH = 0.2082SL + 3.2627 ($R^2$ = 0.6927), $TW=0.0002SL^{2.8330}$ ($R^2$ = 0.8431) in the Haliotis gigantea, SB = 0.7513SL - 1.0951 ($R^2$ = 0.913), SH = 0.2618SL - 6.1538 ($R^2$ = 0.6927), $TW=0.0001SL^{2.9614}$ ($R^2$ = 0.9353) in the Haliotis madaka.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.423-429
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• 2001

Satellite data, with sea surface temperature(557) by NOAA and sea level(SL) by Topex/poseidon, are used to estimate characteristics on the variations and correlations of 557 and SL in the East Asian Seas from January 1993 through May 1998. We found that there are two climatic characteristics in the East Asian seas the oceanic climate, the eastern sea of Japan, and the continental climate, the eastern sea of China, respectively. In the oceanic climate, the variations of SL have the high values in the main current of Kuroshio and the variations of 557 have not the remarkable seasonal variations because of the continuos compensation of warm current by Kuroshio. In the continental climate, SL has high variations in the estuaries(the Yellow River, the Yangtze River) with the mixing the fresh water and the saline water in the coasts of continent and 557 has highly the seasonal variations due to the climatic effect of continents. In the steric variations of summer, the eastern sea of Japan, the East China Sea and the western sod of Korea is increased the sea level about 10~20cm. But the Bohai bay in China have relatively the high values about 20~30cm due to the continental climate. generally the trends of SST and SL increased during all periods. That is say, the slopes of 557 and SL Is presented 0.29$^{\circ}C$/year and 0.84cm/year, respectively. The annual and semi-annual amplitudes have a remarkable variations in the western sea of Korea and the eastern sea of Japan. In the case of the annual peaks, there appeared mainly In the western sea of Korea and the eastern sea of .Japan because of the remarkable variations of SL associated with Kuroshio. But in the case of the semi-annual peaks, there appeared in the eastern sea of Japan by the influence of current, and in the western sea of Korea by the influence of seasonal temperature, respectively. From our results, it should be believed that 557 and SL gradually Increase in the East Asian seas concerning to the global warming. So that, it should be requested In the international co-operation against In the change of the abnormal climate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.382-387
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• 2020

This study compared the nutritional characteristics of seasoned laver Pyropia yezoensis with conger eel Conger myriaster seasoning sauce (SL-CES) with those of commercial seasoned laver (C-SL). SL-CES had higher protein and lower ash contents than those of C-SL. However, the moisture and lipid contents did not differ between them (P>0.05). The total amino acid content of SL-CES was 21.79 g/100 g, similar to that of C-SL (21.49 g/100 g). The major amino acids in SL-CES were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine. The SL-CES contained 125.7 mg calcium, 461.6 mg phosphorus, 2183.7 mg potassium, 9.5 mg iron, and 2.6 mg zinc per 100 g SL-CES. These amounts were all higher than those in C-SL, except for Zn. The major fatty acids in SL-CES were 16:0, 18:1n-9, and 18:2n-6.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.290-294
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• 2001

Satellite data, with Sea Surface Temperature(SST) by NOAA and Sea Level(SL) by Topex/poseidon, are used to estimate characteristics on the variations and correlations of SST and SL in the East Asian Seas from January 1993 through May 1998. In the oceanic climate, the variations of SL shown the high values in the main current of Kuroshio and the variations of SST shown not the remarkable seasonal variations because of the continuos compensation of warm current by Kuroshio. In the continental climate, SL shown high variations in the estuaries(the Yellow River, the Yangtze River) with the mixing the fresh water in the mouth of estuaries of the saline water in the coasts of continent and SST shown highly the seasonal variations due to the climatic effect of continents. In the steric variations in summer, the eastern sea of Japan, the East China Sea and the western sea of Korea shown the increment of sea level with 10~20cm. But the Bohai bay in China shown relatively the high values of 20~30cm due to the continental climate. Generally the trends of SST and SL increased during all periods. That is say, the slopes of SST and SL presented 0.29$^{\circ}C$/year and 0.84cm/year, respectively. The annual and semi-annual amplitudes shown a remarkable variations in the western sea of Korea and the eastern sea of Japan.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1154-1169
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• 2013

The present work was performed to find behavioral characteristics of elementary school students corresponding to the motivation system on science learning (SL-BIS/BAS; Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System about Science Learning) in the observation situation. Eye-tracking was used for this study, which is one of the neurophysiological methods. The findings of present study were as follows: First, students who have sensitive motivation system to SL-BIS (SL-BIS group) showed meaningfully shorter fixation duration the whole time during an observation task than students who have sensitive motivation system to SL-BAS (SL-BAS group) (p<.05). Total fixation counts of SL-BIS group were significantly larger than SL-BAS group and it indicates that SL-BIS group often generated new fixations. Therefore, fixation duration per count of SL-BAS group was longer than that of SLBIS group. Second, we studied fixations in situations with movement corresponding to the motivation system on science learning. SL-BIS group and SL-BAS group exhibited similar fixation duration in the study task segment with movement, which is one of the stimulus attracting students. However, for the study task segment when the movement was finished, total fixation duration and fixation duration per count of SL-BAS group were meaningfully longer than those of SL-BIS group. Third, comparing fixation targets classified by factors of study task, SL-BIS group showed fixation on the target that is not important for the study task. But SL-BAS group concentrated on the target-related factor of the study task. The present work could be helpful in understanding students' characteristics corresponding to the motivation system on science learning in observation situation and for making a learning & teaching plan that is suitable to the feature of students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.625-640
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral characteristics of elementary second graders depending on SL-BIS/BAS (Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System about Science Learning) in science learning situation. For this study, 20 second grade students participated. This study followed a phenomenological research method, a form of qualitative research. As the results show, students who have a sensitive motivation system to SL-BIS directly expressed their disappointment of the result and easily get distracted in class when they failed in science learning activity. They participated in group work passively, for example, they interacted less in the group or avoided answering questions. Even though the students have a lot of questions that were usually simple, empty or repetitive words. They have within themselves the good will of challenging difficult experiment that was their only expression of passive will. The students have a tendency to be dependent on their friends in an experiment, making it unlikely that they preferred group work from the beginning. Otherwise, students who have sensitive motivation system to SL-BAS endured science learning activity to the end regardless of the negative result. In particular, they were enthusiastically working on home-school materials. When the students succeeded in the experiment, they responded to the cheers and openly expressed their feeling. They were satisfied with their achievement. The students have more desire for in-depth activity. Their questions were more progressive, specific and expanded. They showed a strong desire to challenge difficult experiment and preferred to interact with their group members to help each other. Based on the results, they were limited but we could find that the behavioral characteristics of second grade students in science learning situations can be predicted with a score of SL-BIS/BAS t.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate physicochemical and textural characteristics, and antimicrobial effect for Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in low-fat functional sausages (LFFS) containing sodium lactate (SL) and potassium lactate (PL) during storage at 4℃ for 10 weeks. The LFFS treatments included CTL (Low-fat sausage control), TRT1 (SL 3.3%), TRT2 (SL 2.2% + PL 1.1%), TRT3 (SL 1.1% + PL 2.2%), TRT4 (PL 3.3%). Proximate composition for LFFS were 73.9∼75.2% moisture, 1∼2% fat and 15.5∼15.9% protein, and pH values ranged from 5.8 to 6.5. Expressible moisture (EM, %) and vacuum purge (VP, %) ranged from 22.9 to 33.0 and from 2.7 to 5.3, respectively. EM of CTL, TRT1 and TRT2 increased with increased storage time, however, no differences in VP were observed during storage time. Hunter color values (L, a, b) were not affected by the addition of SL and PL, and storage time (p>0.05). Most textural properties of LFFS were not affected by the addition of SL and PL, except for few cases, but those of CTL tended to increase with increased storage time. The addition of SL and PL into LFFS, alone or in combination, inhibited the microbial growth of inoculated LM during refrigerated storage, resulting in longer shelf-life than the control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2015

In a previous study, baekseolgi with xylitol or sucralose was comparable to baekseolgi with sugar in terms of all sensory characteristics. However, the hardness of sucralose baekseolgi increased considerably during storage while that of xylitol baekseolgi remained unchanged. To improve the physical limitations observed in sucralose baekseolgi, a combination of sucralose and xylitol were substituted for sugar when preparing baekseolgi (SL0~SL100, SLn; baekseolgi where sugar was replaced with n% sucralose and 100-n% xylitol based on relative sweetness to sugar). All SLn baekseolgi samples were not significantly different from sugar baekseolgi in terms of sensory properties. The moisture content was not different between sugar and xylitol baekseolgi (SL0), but decreased significantly as the amount of sucralose increased (P<0.01), which correlated with cohesiveness of baekseolgi. Texture profile analysis revealed that hardness of SLn baekseolgi increased without any noticeable change in moisture content after storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. In addition, the hardness after storage was the highest in sucralose baekseolgi (SL100), which was comparatively lower in SL0~SL80 containing xylitol presumably due to the hygroscopic characteristics of xylitol. In particular, SL20 was found to be comparable to sugar baekseolgi in terms of moisture and cohesiveness during storage. The results showed that the combination of xylitol and sucralose could be a potential sugar substitute in terms of not only sensory characteristics but also physicochemical properties.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.395-405
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• 2012

Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed esterification was carried out to produce functional hard fat (structured lipid, SL) using palm stearin (PS) and hydrolysate of pomegranate seed oil (HPSO) of 1:6 molar ratio. HPSO contained conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA, about 80%). The reaction was performed at non-solvent system and solvent (n-hexane) system using Lipozyme TL IM (10% of total substrates, w/w) for 12, 24, and 72 hr in a shaking water bath ($55^{\circ}C$ and 185 rpm), respectively. SL synthesized in non-solvent system (NH-SL) and SL synthesized in n-hexane system (H-SL) were refined after deacidification, respectively. Their physicochemical properties were compared to obtain desirable functional hard fat. The content of CLnA in NH-SL increased from 34.38% to 40.63% with increasing reaction time. Similar results also observed in H-SL resulting in 36.81~45.83% of CLnA. In triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, the main molecules of LnLnLn (Ln=linolenic acid, PN=36) and the LnLnP (P=palmitic acid, PN=40) were newly synthesized in NH-SL and H-SL with increasing reaction time. After 72 hr reaction, iodine values of NH-SL (136.49) and H-SL (140.37) showed high values because of the high content of CLnA. Solid fat index (SFI) in NH-SL was higher than that in H-SL at each measured temperature. The predominant polymorphic forms of NH-SL and H-SL obtained after esterification for 72 hr were the desirable crystalline structure of the ${\beta}$' form.