• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2005

The insulin-mediated Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade was examined in SK-N-BE(2) and PC12 cells, which can and cannot produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was much lower in SK-N-BE(2) cells than in PC12 cells when the cells were treated with insulin. The insulin-mediated interaction of IRS-1 with Grb2 was observed in PC12 but not in SK-N-BE(2) cells. Moreover, the activity of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK) was much lower in SK-N-BE(2) than in PC12 cells when the cells were treated with insulin. Application of exogenous $H_2O_2$ caused increased tyrosine phosphorylation and Grb2 binding to IRS-1 in SK-N-BE(2) cells, while exposure to an $H_2O_2$ scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) or to a phophatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor (wortmannin), and expression of a dominant negative Rac1, decreased the activation of ERK in insulin-stimulated PC12 cells. These results indicate that the transient increase of ROS is needed to activate ERK in insulin-mediated signaling and that an inability to generate ROS is the reason for the insulin insensitivity of SK-N-BE(2) cells.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.101-120
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• 2004

Vocal nodule is one of the representative chronic diseases of vocal folds, and it can be cured by voice therapy. However, the existing therapeutic methods about vocal nodule are in great demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic methods between Accent method and SK-MVTT (Seong-Tae Kim's multiple voice therapy technique), which was designed by the author. We identified 40 females, who diagnosed having vocal nodules, aged from 21 to 52 years (mean age: 40 years). Twenty females were treated by the SK-MVTT and the other 20 females the Accent method. All subjects received 12 sessions of treatment, and were evaluated after finishing the 6th and the 12th session. The results showed that the SK-MVTT produced a better results compared to the Accent method. The SK-MVTT was better especially at the initial stage of voice therapy compared to the Accent method. In this study, we can suggest that SK-MVTT may be useful in improving the voice qualities of vocal nodule patients. However, more data should be collected and evaluated before it can widely be used in other clinics.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 1999

The anti-asthmatic activities of the extract of Lonicera japonica (BuOH fraction) and its mode of action were investigated using several in vitro and in vivo models. Lonicera japonica was extracted with 30% ethanol (v/v) and successively partitioned into BuOH. The BuOH fraction reduced antigen-induced contraction of isolated trachea from sensitized guinea pigs in a concentration-dependent manner. The BuOH fraction also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by antigen or calcium ionophore A23187 ($IC_{50}=0.26$ and 0.32mg/ml, respectively). Eosinophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluids induced by aeroallergen challenge in passively sensitized guinea pigs was inhibited by the BuOH fraction at a dose of 800mg/kg (51.7%). In addition, the BuOH fraction inhibited leukotriene $B_4$ prodution in rat basophilic leukemia cells ($IC_{50}=0.42\;mg/ml$) as well as phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) isolated from rat brain ($IC_{50}=0.015\;mg/ml$). All results from this study strongly suggest that the BuOH fraction of Lonicera japonica may be useful in the treatment of asthma and its mode of action may be related with inhibition of both 5-lipoxygenase and PDE4 enzyme.

• Digital Contents
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• no.1 s.116
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• pp.58-64
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• 2003

SK텔레콤과 KTF는 각각 3세대 이동통신의 주도권을 놓고 일대 격돌을 벌일 조짐이다. SK텔레콤의 EV-DO 서비스인 '준(JUNE}'의 선공에 KTF가 '핌(fimm)'을 앞세워 양 강 대결을 가속화 하고 있다. SK텔레콤과 KTF가 내년부터 본격화될 것으로 이는 cdma2000 1x EV-DO와 WCDMA 시대에 대비하기 위해 브랜드 전략을 새롭게 수립하고 홍보전에 뛰어들었다. SK텔레콤은 엔터테인먼트 중심으로, KTF는 실용성이 강한 인프라성 콘텐츠와 멀티미디어 메시징서비스(MMS)로 차세대 주도권을 잡기 위해 분주히 움직이고 있다. '유비쿼터스' 시대를 맞아 누구보다 앞장서 뛰고 있는 곳이 바로 이동통신 서비스업체들이다. 언제 어디서나 휴대 단말기로 인터넷에 접속, 멀티미디어를 즐길수 있는 3세대 이동통신 서비스로 승부를 낸다는 전략이다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-76
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• 2017

Muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare subtype of MG, which is immunologically distinct and differential therapeutic response. Though MG is often associated with other autoimmune disorders or malignancy, concurrence of other disease and MuSK MG has been infrequently reported. We present a patient of MuSK MG associated with multicentric Castelman disease.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2002

We have performed a 3D-QSAR/CoMFA analysis of the cytotoxic activities of thirty-five 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives against SK-OV-3 tumor cell line. The results suggested that the electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic factors of 3-arylisoquinolines were strongly correlated with the antitumor activity. Considerable predictive ability (cross-validated r2 as high as 0.841) was obtained through CoMFA.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.318.2-319
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• 2001

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.245-255
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• 2015

This study used high density network of integrated meteorological sensor, which are operated by SK Planet, with KMA weather stations to estimate the quantitative precipitation field in Seoul area. We introduced SK Planet network and analyzed quality of the observed data for 3 months data from 1 July to 30 September 2013. As the quality analysis result, we checked most SK Planet stations observed similar with previous KMA stations. We developed the real-time quality check and adjustment method to reduce the error effect for hydrological application by missing and outlier value and we confirmed the developed method can be corrected the missing and outlier value. Through this method, we used the 190 stations(KMA 34 stations, SK Planet 156 stations) that missing ratio is less than 20% and the effect of the outlier was the smallest for quantitative precipitation estimation. Moreover, we evaluated reproducibility of rainfall field high density rain gauge network has $3km^2$/gauge. As the result, the spatial relative frequency of rainfall field using SK Planet and KMA stations is similar with radar rainfall field. And, it supplement the blank of KMA observation network. Especially, through this research we will take advantage of the density of the network to estimate rainfall field which can be considered as a very good approximation of the true value.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• s.274
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• pp.46-49
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• 2009

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

In this study, we have shown the transcriptional regulation of the human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) induced by valproic acid (VPA) in human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression in VPA-stimulated SK-N-BE(2)-C cells, we characterized the promoter region of the hST8Sia I gene. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST8Sia I gene by the transient expression method showed that the -1146 to -646 region, which contains putative binding sites for transcription factors c-Ets-1, CREB, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$, functions as the VPA-inducible promoter of hST8Sia I in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. Site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the NF-${\kappa}B$ binding site at -731 to -722 was crucial for the VPA-induced expression of hST8Sia I in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. In addition, the transcriptional activity of hST8Sia I induced by VPA in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells was strongly inhibited by SP600125, which is a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, and $G{\ddot{O}}6976$, which is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, as determined by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and luciferase assays. These results suggest that VPA markedly modulated transcriptional regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through PKC/JNK signal pathways in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells.