• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2012

We tested the effects of dietary intake of freeze-dried Korean traditional fermented cabbage (generally known as kimchi) with varying amounts of sodium on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), as a control group, received a regular AIN-76 diet, and the SHRs were divided into four groups. The SHR group was fed a regular diet without kimchi supplementation, the SHR-L group was fed the regular diet supplemented with low sodium kimchi containing 1.4% salt by wet weight, which was provided in a freeze-dried form, the SHR-M group was supplemented with medium levels of sodium kimchi containing 2.4% salt, and the SHR-H group was supplemented with high sodium kimchi containing 3.0% salt. Blood pressure was measured over 6 weeks, and cardiac hypertrophy was examined by measuring heart and left ventricle weights and cardiac histology. SHRs showed higher blood pressure compared to that in WKY rats, which was further elevated by consuming high sodium containing kimchi but was not influenced by supplementing with low sodium kimchi. None of the SHR groups showed significant differences in cardiac and left ventricular mass or cardiomyocyte size. Levels of serum biochemical parameters, including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, sodium, and potassium were not different among the groups. Elevations in serum levels of aldosterone in SHR rats decreased in the low sodium kimchi group. These results suggest that consuming low sodium kimchi may not adversely affect blood pressure and cardiac function even under a hypertensive condition.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1994

선천성 고혈압 흰쥐(SHR)와 정상혈압 흰쥐에서 교감신경성 신경전달에 미치는 부신수질 및 renin-angiotensin계의 역할을 알아보기 위해, 부신수질을 제거하거나 angiotensin 변환 효소 억제제를 장기간 처치한 뒤 중추신경계가 파괴된 상태에서 절전신경을 자극했을 때 나타나는 승압반응과 대동맥의 catecholamine농도 및 angiotensin 변환 효소 활성도의 변화를 비교 검토하였다. 부신수질을 제거하더라도 중추신경계를 파괴하기 전후의 혈압에는 영향을 주지 못했으며, 절전 신경 자극에 의한 승압반응은, 자극 주파수에 의존적으로 증가하였으며 prazosin 전처치로서 거의 완전히 억제되었다. 정상혈압 흰쥐에서와는 달리, 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐에서는 부신수질을 제거했을 때는 절전신경 자극에 의한 승압반응이 부신수질을 제거하지 않는 군(이하 대조군)에 비하여 유의하게 약화되었다. SHR에서 부신수질 제거로 부신 catecholamine 함량은 현저히 감소되었고, 혈청의 angiotensin 변환 효소 활성도는 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 혈장 및 대동맥 절편의 catecholamine 함량, 대동맥 절편의 angiotensin 변환 효소의 활성도는 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 WKY에서는 부신수질이 제거된 군에서 대동맥 절편의 angiotensin 변환 효소의 활성도와 catecholamine함량이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. Enalapril처치에 의해서 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐 평균 혈압은, 부신 catecholamine 함량 및 대동맥 절편의 angiotensin 변화 효소의 활성도와 함께 현저히 저하되어 정상혈압 흰쥐와 유사하였다. 그리고 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐에서 부신수질의 제거로 절전신경 자극에 의한 승압반응이 대조군에 비하여 약화되는 현상은 enalapril을 처치하였을 때는 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 교감신경성 신경전달을 항진시키는 부신수질의 작용은 renin-angiotensin계의 활성화에 의존적이었으며, 부신수질의 제거로 정상혈압 흰쥐에서는 renin-angiotensin계가 보상적인 조절이 일어났으나, 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐에서는 보상적인 조절이 일어나지 않았다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1988

Relationship between the maintenance of hypertension and central serotonergic nervous system activity in opontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied. Serotonin turnover-rates were measured in 5 brain areas as an index of serotonergic neuronal activity and compared at the ages of 14 weeks in two types of animals; (1) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (2) normotensive wistar kyoto rats (WKY). In 14-week old SHR, central serotonin turnover rate was significantly lower in telencephalon, hypothalamus/thalamus and midbrain than normotensive rat, but significantly higher in cerebellum. There were no significant differences between serotonin turnover rate in pons/medulla of SHR and that of normotensive rat. THese data suggest that the abnormally lower turnover rates of serotonin in telencephalon, hypothalamus/thalamus and midbrain may be one of the underlying neuronal factors for manifestation of hypertension in SHR.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, we investigated the psychopharmacological activities of oroxylin A using the open field, rota-rod, balanced wire and plus-maze tests in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKY). Oroxylin A reduced hyperactivity in SHR (ADHD animal model) although it tended to increase locomotor activity in WKY. Methylphenidate did not reduce hyperactivity. Oroxylin A alleviated impulsive behaviors such as rearing, the percentage of moving time to the central area and the tendency to move into an unstable condition (open area in elevated plus-maze). Methylphenidate also reduced the percentage of staying time in the central area and the tendency to move into an unstable condition. Both oroxylin A and methylphenidate enhanced motor attention in SHR and WKY. Oroxylin A antagonized the muscimol ($GABA_A$ receptor agonist)-induced $Cl^-$current and its action was similar to that of bicuculline ($GABA_A$ receptor antagonist). The effects of oroxylin A may be caused by the antagonism at the $GABA_A$ receptor. Thus, oroxylin A may be a candidate of drug for treatment of ADHD.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2009

Background: We previously demonstrated remarkable differences in the expression of IL-8/CXCL8 in aortic tissues and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to VSMC from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In the present study, we investigated the direct effect of IL-8/CXCL8 on expression of 12-lipoxygenase (LO), a hypertensive modulator, in SHR VSMC. Methods: Cultured aortic VSMC from SHR and WKY were used. Expression of 12-LO mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorlyation of ERK1/2 and production of 12-LO and angiotensin II subtype 1 ($AT_1$) receptor were assessed by Western blots. IL-8/CXCL8-stimulated DNA synthesis was determined by measuring incorporation of [$^3H$]-thymidine. And effect of IL-8/CXCL8 on vascular tone was determined by phenylephrine-induced contraction of thoracic aortic rings. Results: Treatment with IL-8/CXCL8 greatly increased 12-LO mRNA expression and protein production compared to treatment with angiotensin II. IL-8/CXCL8 also increased the expression of the $AT_1$ receptor. The increase in 12-LO induced by IL-8/CXCL8 was inhibited by treatment with an $AT_1$ receptor antagonist. The induction of 12-LO mRNA production and the proliferation of SHR VSMC by IL-8/CXCL8 was mediated by the ERK pathway. The proliferation of SHR VSMC and the vascular contraction in the thoracic aortic ring, both of which were induced by IL-8/CXCL8, were inhibited by baicalein, a 12-LO inhibitor. Conclusion: These results suggest that the potential role of IL-8/CXCL8 in hypertensive processes is likely mediated through the 12-LO pathway.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2007

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In our case study using animal models for disease states such as obesity or hypertension, we found that, Isaria sinclairii remarkably reduced body weight and ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in Zucker and SHR rats. Genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were one animal model chosen for this study. Four groups of rats received a standard diet and were treated orally with the following test samples daily for 8 weeks: saline (negative control), ethanol extracts of I. sinclairii, hot water extract of I. sinclairii, or $Xenical^{(R)}$ (30 mg/kg, positive control). Mild reductions (6.3%) in body weight gain were observed in the groups treated with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii compared to the control after 8 weeks. Interestingly, organ weight was greatly reduced by this Dongchunghacho (I. sinclairii), in parallel with the mild reductions in body weight gain and reductions in abdominal fat (adipose tissue). Also observed was a 4.1 % decrease in the ratio of heart weight/body weight compared to the control group. As a hypertensive animal model, SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) rats were also administered these extracts for one month. Treatment with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii caused greater reductions in body weight gain for the SHR group (10.9%) compared to the WKY group's (5.2%). Based on these results, I. sinclairii extracts contain selective action for anti-obesity activity, naturally occurring candidate for regulation of body weight increase, as demonstrated in the present study.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2009

Background: 15d-$PGJ_2$ has been known to act as an anti-inflammatory agent and has anti-hypertensive effects. As a result of these properties, we examined the effect of 15d-$PGJ_2$ on the LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA expression in VSMCs from SHR. Methods: Effect and action mechanism of 15d-$PGJ_2$ on the expression of LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in VSMCs from SHR and WKY were examined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay for NF-${\kappa}B$ avtivity, Western blotting analysis for ERK and p38 phosphorylation and flow cytometry for NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Results: 15d-$PGJ_2$ decreased the expression of LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in WKY VSMCs, but increased the expression of LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA in SHR VSMCs. The upregulatory effect of 15d-$PGJ_2$ in SHR VSMCs was mediated through PPAR${\gamma}$, and dependent on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and ERK phosphorylation. However, inhibition of the p38 signaling pathway augmented the upregulatory effect of 15d-$PGJ_2$ on LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA. A NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor inhibited the upregulatory effect of 15d-$PGJ_2$ on LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA expression in SHR VSMCs, and an increase in NAD(P)H oxidase activity was detected in SHR VSMCs treated with 15d-$PGJ_2$/LPS. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the upregulatory effect of 15d-$PGJ_2$ on LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in SHR VSMCs is mediated through the PPAR${\gamma}$ and ERK pathway, and may be related to NAD(P)H oxidase activity. However, p38 inactivation may also play an important role in 15d-$PGJ_2$/LPS-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in SHR VSMCs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2015

본 연구는 본태성 고혈압 쥐인 SHR을 이용하여 복분자 완숙과 에탄올 50% 추출물의 혈압 강하 효과 및 그와 관련된 인자들[endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), albumin, creatinine, blood lipid 등]에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본태성 고혈압 쥐에게 복분자 완숙과 에탄올 50% 추출물을 12주간 투여한 결과 수축기 혈압이 고혈압대조군에 비하여 약 12% 억제되었다. 또한 eNOS 유전자 발현을 유의하게 증가하였으며 혈청 homocysteine 및 PAI-1의 활성이 눈에 띄게 감소됨을 확인하였다. 또한 심근 호산성 세포수를 감소시켜 심장의 손상 및 병변을 경감시키는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 혈중 지질 및 혈청 albumin, creatinine의 농도에는 각 군 간의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 복분자 완숙과 에탄올 50% 추출물은 혈관의 손상을 야기할 수 있는 homocysteine이나 PAI-1과 같은 염증성 인자로부터 혈관을 보호하고 이를 통해 eNOS의 유전자 발현을 개선시킴으로써 혈압의 조절에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 심혈관계 질환의 개선에 도움이 되는 식품소재로서의 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제7권1_2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1992

The role of central dopaminergic neural activity for the maintenance of hypertension was tested. Two groups of animals were prepared; 1) Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at 14 weeks of age which reveal hypertension and 2) age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Blood pressures and dopamine turnover rate were measured from animals in each group. Dopamine turnover rate was determined in four brain regions such as telence-phalon, hypothalamus/thalamus, midbrain and pons/medulla, from concentration of dopamine at time zero, 1 and 2 hours after alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) was injected into animals. In SHR dopamine turnover rate was greater than normotensive rats in only midbrain. The result from the present study implicates that dopaminergic neural activity in midbrain may be positively coupled to the manifestation of hypertension in SHR.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.746-760
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Hasuogamibang (HGB) on hyperlipidemia and antioxidant activity. Methods : For this study, we divided four groups of rats (normal WKY group, normal SHR group, high cholesterol diet and saline-treated SHR group, high cholesterol diet and HGB-treated SHR group), and observed the change of body weight, weight of liver, cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, albumin, histologic change of liver and aorta, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of liver tissue, and cholesterol gene revelation control efficiency. Results : Total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides were decreased significantly by HGB. However, HDL-cholesterol increased significantly. The tissue of liver and aorta were controlled defect by HGB on histologic study. Lipid peroxidation and SOD of liver tissue was decreased significantly by HGB. Gene revelation of ACAT and HMG CoA reductase in hepatic tissue was decreased significantly by HGB. Conclusion : This study suggests that HOB is significantly effective on hyperlipidemia and antioxidant activity.