• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2001

When root initiation ratio of cut Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) stems was examined in several medium conditions containing different IBA concentration, the higher IBA contration of medium was elucidated superior then lower IBA concentration. Highest root initiation ratio was confirmed at 2.5 mg/$\ell$ of IBA and the ratio was 90~95%. When the stems from regenerated shoots from callus were treated at 8 kinds of medium for 12 days, the root iniation result was 9 (45%) at 1/2 SH-0 medium, 10 (50%) at SH-0 medium, 10 (50%) at SH-0.5IBA medium, 10 (50%) at SH-1.0IBA medium, 13 (65%) at SH-1.5IBA medium, 14 (70%) at SH-2.0IBA medium, 19 (95%) at SH-2.5IBA medium and 14 (70%) at SH-3.0IBA medium.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

A novel agar-degrading marine bacterium, SH-1 strain, was isolated from seashore of Namhae at Gyeongnam province, Korea. The SH-1 strain exhibited 98% similarity with Alteromonas species based on 16S rDNA sequencing and named as Alteromonas sp. SH-1. Alteromonas sp. SH-1 showed agarase activity of 348.3 U/L (1.67 U/mg protein). The molecular masses of the enzymes were predicted as about 85 kDa and 110 kDa by SDS-PAGE and zymogram. The enzymatic activity was optimal at $30^{\circ}C$ and the relative agarase activity was decreased as temperature increase from $30^{\circ}C$ and thus about 90% and 70% activities were shown at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimum pH was 6.0 for agarase activity in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer and activities were less than 70% and 85% activity at pH 5.0 and pH 7.0, respectively, compared with that at pH 6. Agarase activity has remained over 90% at $20^{\circ}C$ after 1.5 hour exposure at this temperature. However, its activity was less than 60% at $30^{\circ}C$ after 0.5 h exposure at this temperature. The enzymes produced agarooligosaccharides such as agaropentaose and agarotriose from agarose, indicating that the agarases are ${\alpha}$-agarases. Thus, Alteromonas sp. SH-1 and its agarases would be useful for the industrial production of agarooligosaccharides which are known as having anticancer and antioxidation activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.922-927
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• 1996

In order to investigate heat-induced gelation properties of $\alpha-lactalbumin(\alpha-La),$ total free SH groups, half-cystine, and disulfide bond contents of $\alpha-La$ gels prepared in 0.1M Tris-HCI buffer(pH 8.0) were measured. The samples were heated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes under different PH and concentrations of NaCl, $CaCl_2,$ $\alpha-La,$ N-ethylrnaleirnide(NEM), and dithiothreitol(DTT). Total free SH groups were low at high concentrations of $\alpha-La$ and at pH 6.5~8.5, and were $14.72~18.58\mu\textrm{m}ol/g$ and $14.17~16.11\mu\textrm{m}ol/g,$ respectively. Half-cystine contents of NEM-induced gels decreased with increasing concentration of NEM, and were $1.03~39.17\mu\textrm{m}ol/g.$ Disulfide bonds of DTT-induced gels increased with increasing concentration of DTT, and were $70.04~71.80\mu\textrm{m}ol/g$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2016

In this study, we isolated a new agar-degrading marine bacterium and characterized its agarase. An agardegrading marine bacterium SH-1 was isolated from seawater, collected from the seashore of Namhae in Gyeongnam province, Korea, and cultured in marine agar 2216 media. It was identified as Maribacter. sp. SH-1 by phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The extracellular agarase was extracted from culture media of Maribacter sp. SH-1 and characterized. Its relative activities were 56, 62, 94, 100, and 8% at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60℃, respectively, whereas 15, 100, 60, and 21% relative activities were observed at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Its extracellular agarase exhibited maximum activity (231 units/l) at pH 6.0 and 50℃, in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Therefore, this agarase would be applicable as it showed the maximum activity at the temperature at which the agar is in a sol state. Furthermore, the agarase activities remained over 90% at 20, 30, and 40℃ after 0.5 h exposure at these temperatures. Thin layer chromatography analysis suggested that Maribacter sp. SH-1 produces extracellular β-agarase, as it hydrolyzes agarose to produce neoagarooligosaccharides, such as neoagarohexaose (34.8%), neoagarotetraose (52.2%), and neoagarobiose (13.0%). Maribacter sp. SH-1 and its β-agarase would be useful for the production of neoagarooligosaccharides, which shows functional properties, like skin moisturizing, skin whitening, inhibition of bacterial growth, and delay in starch degradation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2001

쌀과 같은 곡류는 전분질을 당분으로 전환시켜 술을 제조하여야 하므로 미생물이 생성하는 효소가 필요한데 그 효소원이 누룩이며 누룩은 주류의 품질이나 생산량에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 전국44개 지역의 누룩에서 순수 분리된 89종의 곰팡이 중 효소역가와 당화력이 비교적 뛰어난 10종(Aspergillus sp. SH-412 Heunghae, Aspergillus sp. SH-422 Ulsan, Rhizopis sp. SH-606 Imdeok, Aspergillus sp. SH-607 Yhesan, Aspergilus sp. SH-613 Wolseong, Rhizopus sp. SH-654 Uncheon, Aspergillus sp. SH-660 Jeonkok, Aspergillus sp. SH-667 Dongseong, Aspergillus sp. SH-669 Uncheon, Aspergillus sp. SH-696 Daecheon)과 대조균주로 Aspergillus kawachii CF1002 그리고 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 사용하셨으며 탁주제조 중 균주별 술덧의 산도, 환원당, 아미노산도와 제조된 완성주의 유기산, 유리아미노산, 유리당, 휴젤유 및 색도를 HPLC, GC Mass, 색차계로 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 균주별 술덧의 주정도는 모든 실험구에서 Aspergillus kawachii보다 높았으며 특히 Aspergillus sp. SH-422는 14.9%로 가장 수율이 좋았다. 환원당은 Aspergillus sp. SH-613이 0.49%로 가장 높았고 Aspergillus sp. SH-422는 0.37%로 가장 낮았으며 산도는 시간의 경과에 따라 감소했으며 술덧 발효중 아미노산도는 시간의 경과에 따라 약간 상승 후 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 각 균주별 술덧의 유기산은 tataric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid가 검출되었으며 lactic acid 함량이 2.0∼3.2g/100ml로 가장 많이 검출되었다. 유기산은 Aspergillus sp. SH-669가 가장 높게 확인되었으며 Aspergillus sp. SH-607이 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 술덧의 주 아미노산은 histidine, alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, tryptophan순으로 검출되었으며 특히 alanine은 주류에 단맛을 주는 성분으로 모든 실험구에서 많은 양이 검출되었다. 각 균주별 술덧의 유리당은 glucose가 가장 많이 검출되었으며 Fusel oil은 iso-butyl alcohol과 iso-pentyl alcohol 이 가장 많이 검출되었다. 한편 균주별 술덧의 색차를 측정한 결과 L값은 63.33∼41.98, a값은 0.09∼-3.47, b값은 17.41∼4.90으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2015

Agarase from a novel agar-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater in Namhae at Gyeongsangnamdo province of Korea was characterized. The SH-1 strain was selected from thousands of colonies on Marine agar 2216 media. Almost full 16S rRNA gene sequence of the agarolytic SH-1 strain showed 99% similarity with that of bacteria of Simiduia genus and named as Simiduia sp. SH-1. Agarase production was growth related, and activity was declined from stationary phase. Secreted agarase was prepared from culture media and characterized. It showed maximum activity of 698.6 units/L at pH 7.0 and 30℃ in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Agarase activity decreased as the temperature increased from an optimum of 30℃, with 90% and 75% activity at 40℃ and 50℃, respectively. Agarase was not heat resistant. Slightly lower agarase activity was observed at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.0, without statistical difference, and 80% and 75% activity were observed at pH 5.0 and 8.0, respectively. Neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose were the main final products of agarose, indicating that it is β-agarase. Simiduia sp. SH-1 and its β-agarase would be useful for the industrial production of neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose, which have a whitening effect on skin, delaying starch degradation, and inhibiting bacterial growth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2002

The performance of 7 sugary (su) and 12 shrunken-2 (sh2) sweet com hybrids which are commercially grown in the United States was tested in Korea. The 100-seed weight of su hybrids (16.5-23.6 g) was much heavier compared to that of sh2 hybrids (10.9-17.5 g). The germination rate of su and sh2 hybrids at $25^{\circ}C$ ranged 93.3-100% and 86.7-98.9%, the emergence rate of su and sh2 hybrids in cold test ranged 78.9-97.8% and 62.2-97.8%, and field emergence rate of su and sh2 hybrids ranged 74.4-100.0% and 79.9-98.2%, respectively. In su hybrids, there was a significantly positive correlation between germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$ and emergence rate in cold test or early growth. In contrast, in sh2 hybrids seed weight was positively correlated with early plant growth, while not with the germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$ or emergence rate in cold test and field. Most sh2 hybrids produced larger and more marketable ears compared to su hybrids although there were significant differences among the hybrids in the same genotype. At harvest (24 days after pollination) soluble solids content of su hybrids (24.3-27.1 Brix %) was much higher than that of sh2 hybrids (13.8-18.0 Brix %), while total sugars of sh2 hybrids (21.4-28.6% on the dry weight basis) was much higher compared to su hybrids (2.4-15.9%). Considering germination and emergence rates, marketable ear production, and total sugar content, 'GCB 70' and 'Sweet Satin' in su hybrids and 'Ice Queen', 'Aspen', 'Sweet Magic', 'Bandit', 'Xtrasweet 82', 'Aspen', and 'Cambella 90' in sh2 hybrids performed better than other hybrids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1691-1698
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• 2000

An in situ digestion trial (Experiment 1) and a lactation trial (Experiment 2) were conducted to determine the effects of replacing corn and wheat bran with soyhulls (SH) in lactating dairy cow diets on the extent and kinetics of digestion of DM and NDF, and lactation performance. In experiment 1, five mixed feeds consisting of mixed concentrate and roughages (50:50 on a DM basis) were formulated on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic bases to produce five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of SH replacement for corn and wheat bran. SH had high in situ digestion (92 and 89% for potentially digestible DM and NDF) and fairly fast digestion rate (7.2 and 6.3 %/h for DM and NDF). Increasing level of SH replacement resulted in increased NDF digestibility (linear, p=0.001-0.04) and similar DM digestibility (beyond 12 h incubation, p=0.10-0.41). As level of SH replacement increased, percentage of slowly digestible fraction (b) of DM increased (linear, p=0.03), percentage of rapidly digestible fraction (a) of DM tended to decrease (linear, p=0.14), and DM digestion lag time tended to be longer (linear, p=0.13). Percentage of potentially digestible fraction (a+b) and digestion rate (c) of slowly digestible fraction of dietary DM remained unaltered (p=0.36-0.90) with increasing SH in the diet. Increasing level of SH for replacing corn and wheat bran in the diet resulted in increases in percentages of b (quadratic, p<0.001), a (linear, p=0.08), a+b (quadratic, p=0.001) and a tendency to increase in c for NDF (linear, p<0.19). It was also observed that there was a satisfactory fit of a non-linear regression model to NDF digestion data ($R^2=0.986-0.998$), but a relatively poor fit of the model to DM digestion data ($R^2=0.915-0.968$). In experiment 2, 42 lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. SH replaced corn and wheat bran in mixed concentrates at 0, 25, and 50%, respectively. These mixed concentrates were mixed with roughages and fed ad libitum as complete diets. Replacing corn and wheat bran with SH at 0, 25 and 50% levels did not influence (p=0.56-0.95) DM intakes (18.4, 18.6, and 18.5 kg/d), milk yields (27.7, 28.4 and 27.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected-milk (FCM) yields (26.2, 27.6, and 27.3 kg/d) and percentages of milk protein (3.12, 3.17 and 3.18%), milk lactose (4.69, 4.76 and 4.68%) and SNF (8.50, 8.64, and 8.54%). On the other hand, milk fat percentges linearly increased (3.63, 3.85 and 3.90% for SH replacement rates of 0, 25 and 50% in the diet, p=0.08), while feed costs per kg FCM production were reduced.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze keywords of articles in the Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society to MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. The study hopes to enhance the understanding and usage of MeSH and give fundamental information to the Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society in advance. Methods: A total of 1952 keywords from 409 informative articles published from 2004, Vol 9(1) to 2016, Vol 21(1) were compared with MeSH terms according to the criteria of complete coincidence, incomplete coincidence and complete incoincidence. Results: 439 keywords (22.4%) were completely coincident with MeSH terms, 815 keywords (41.8%) were incompletely coincident with MeSH terms and 693 keywords (35.5%) were completely incoincident with MeSH terms. The most used keyword in MeSH terms is in the order of Myopia, Astigmatism and visual acuity. For the incompletely coincident keywords Refractive error, Soft contact lens, and Phoria were used the most. Finally, the most used keywords in the category of completely incoincident were Accommodative lag and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: It is highly recommended that MeSH terms are selected as controlled keywords to increase usage of searced Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society articles in MEDLINE.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 1995

In order to produce the bacteriolytic enzyme, bacterial strains capable of excreting a large amount of the enzyme were screened from the coastal sea water samples in Pusan. The bacterial strain SH-1, which showed the highest activity among 43 bacteriolytic enzyme producing bacteria, was finally selected for further studies. The strain SH-1 was an endospore-forming grampositive rod, and the position of spore was paracentral. These morphological characteristics assigned the isolated strain to the morphological group I classified by Gordon. The fatty acid composition of the bacterial stain was analyzed to be consisted of branched chains of iso-Cn and anteiso-Cn. Based on the percent content of the branched chain (93.85%), the isolates could be identified as a species of Bacillus. According to the experimental results of the API system (API 50CHB & API 20E) the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Numerical texonomy, in which 82 major characters were examined using several species of Bacillus as the standard bacteria, indicated that the strain SH-1 showed 90% similarity to Bacillus subtilis. Thus, the isolated strain SH-1 could be identified as Bacillus subtilis.