• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2007

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with cardiovascular disease in Korea has rarely been studied, mostly due to the lack of a psychometrically validated disease-specific instrument. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a cardiovascular specific-HRQOL questionnaire (CD-QOL). Method: The CD-QOL was developed and validated as follows; item generation, pilot study, and psychometric tests. Patients were recruited from three-university hospitals. The patients were asked to complete the preliminary questionnaire comprising the content-validated items, SF-36, and CES-D. The NYHA and KASI classifications were used to classify the functional performance of the patients. The data was analyzed using correlation, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, multitrait/multi-item matrix, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha. Result: Preliminarily, thirty-nine items were generated. Factor analysisextracted a five-factor solution with a total of twenty-two items. One item was deleted based upon the MDS. The remaining items were moderately correlated with the subscales of the SF-36 and associated with depression measured with the CES-D. The mean scores of patients in NYHA and KASI class I were significantly higher than those in NYHA and KASI class II or/and III, which suggested patients with better functional performance were likely to have a better HRQOL. Cronbach's alphas of the total and subscales were all greater than 0.70. Conclusion: The CD-QOL is a easily applicable instrument with excellent psychometric properties of content, criterion, factorial, convergent, and known-groups validity, and internal consistency reliability in Korean patients with cardiovascular disease.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1999

This paper proposes the structure and the algorithm of the Fuzzy-Neural Controller(FNNC) which is able to adapt itself to unknown plant and the change of circumstances at the Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC) with the Neural Network. This Learning Fuzzy Logic Controller is made up of Fuzzy Logic controller in charge of a main role and Neural Network of an adaptation in variable circumstances. This construct optimal fuzzy controller applied to the 2-area load frequency control of power system, and then it would examine fitness about parameter variation of plant or variation of circumstances. And it proposes the optimal Scale factor method wsint three preformance functions( E, , U) of system dynamics of load frequency control with error back-propagation learning algorithm. Applying the controller to the model of load frequency control, it is shown that the FNNC method has better rapidity for load disturbance, reduces load frequency maximum deviation and tie line power flow deviation and minimizes reaching and settling time compared to the Optimal Fuzzy Logic Controller(OFLC) and the Optimal Control for optimzation of performance index in past control techniques.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4917-4926
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• 2012

본 연구는 소방공무원들을 대상으로 직무스트레스, 피로수준을 파악하고 우리나라 근로자의 평균 직무스트레스 수준과 비교하며 직무스트레스의 하부영역요인과 중재요인(사회적 지원, 직무만족) 및 반응요인(피로)과의 관련성을 파악함으로써 소방공무원의 원활한 업무수행을 위한 기초 안을 수립하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 소방보수교육에 참여한 소방공무원 408명을 대상으로 2011년8월부터 2011년 10월까지 설문조사를 통하여 실시하였으며 설문조사 내용에는 응답자의 일반적 특성, 직무스트레스(KOSS-SF), 중재요인, 반응요인(피로(MFS)) 등에 대하여 평가를 실시하였다. 분석결과 직무만족은 직무스트레스와 강력한 음의 상관관계를 보이며 피로와는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 다중회귀 분석 결과 직무만족, 성, 나이, 하루 처리건수, 운동 등이 주요 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 소방공무원의 직무스트레스에 영향을 미치는 주요변수를 조절변수로 하여 로지스틱 회귀 분석결과 직무스트레스가 높은 부류에서 고위험 피로군에 속할 가능성이 15%정도 감소되는 것으로 나타나 소방공무원의 직무스트레스 감소와 건강 증진을 위한 직무만족 향상 프로그램이 반드시 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.33.1-33.9
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• 2023

Background: Studies on the association between occupational stress and depression have been frequently reported. However, the cross-sectional designs of studies limited insight into causal associations. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal association between occupational stress and new-onset depression among employees in a single manufacturing plant. Methods: The annual health checkup data of employees at a manufacturing plant in Korea were collected. A total of 1,837 male employees without depression who completed a health checkup during two consecutive years were included. Occupational stress was measured using a short form of the Korea Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-SF), and depression was assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire-2. The association between occupational stress change over the two years and newly developed depression was investigated using two logistic regression models. Results: Across all sub-factors of KOSS-SF, employees who reported increased occupational stress had a higher risk of new-onset depression. Newly developed depression was significantly associated with job demand (odds ratio [OR]: 4.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.37-7.96), job insecurity (OR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.89-5.48), occupational climate (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.91-5.31), lack of reward (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.26-4.12), interpersonal conflict (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.18-3.86), insufficient job control (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.05-3.56), and the organizational system (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.01-3.36). Conclusions: For every sub-factor of the KOSS-SF, occupational stress increase and persistent high stress were associated with the risk of developing new-onset depression. Among the seven sub-factors, job demand had the most significant effect. Our results show that occupational stress should be managed to promote employee mental healthcare.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2013

Objectives There are only a limited number of studies on instruments assessing fatigue in university students, although fatigue exerts negative influences on their health and academic performances and fatigue-related complaints are more frequently reported in young adults than middle-aged adults. The aim of this study was to validate the 9-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) among university students including both undergraduate and graduate students in South Korea. Methods A total of 176 university students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the FSS, the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 2 (MOS-SF36v2), and the Inclusion of Community in the Self Scale (ICS). The data were collected from February of 2012 to June of 2012. The reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the FSS. Results The mean FSS score was 3.20 (standard deviation = 1.43). The FSS demonstrated an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = 0.93) and item-total correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.90. Correlations of the FSS with the BFI (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), BDI-II (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), BAI (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 physical component summary (r = -0.28, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 mental component summary (r = -0.55, p < 0.01), and ICS (Spearman's rho = -0.07, p = 0.33) showed acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis defined one underlying factor (eigenvalue = 5.67) that explained 93.50% of the total variance. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate reliability and validity of the FSS in university students. The FSS exhibits good psychometric properties for evaluation of fatigue among university students in South Korea. Since the FSS is easy to administer, score, and interpret, it could be a useful tool in research and practice for assessing fatigue among university students.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.251-266
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• 1997

In order to test scaling assumption, and to assess the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the Short form 36(SF-36) health survey questionnaire, we conducted a survey. Samples were 296 workers who had been employed in small sized companies. All scale passed for item internal consistency(100% sucess rate) and item discriminant validity(100% success .ate). Reliability coefficients were ranged from the lowest 0.51 to the highest of 0.85. For 87.5% of the total workers, inconsistent responses were not observed. Only 3.0% of the total workers failed two or more checks. Factor analysis was performed using principal axis factor method and quartimax rotation. In this survey, the SF-36 retained available psychometric properties even when used in a generally healthy worker group. But further study with some consideration to develope health status measurement is expected : first, the definition of health status should be rationalized. Second, the measurement of outcome is an important consideration in evaluations of quality of care. But ambiguities hinder understanding of this important topic. Third, internal consistency should be interpreted with caution as an indication reliability because it ignores potentially important sources of variation that can occur over time.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2007

Hydraulic efficiency($T_{10}/T$) in clearwell is often estimated by L/W ratio. However, this estimation is not accurate because other factors which give an effect on hydraulic efficiency such as shape of basin, diffuser wall and intra-basin is ignored. Therefore, in this research, hydraulic efficiency is predicted by the quantitative analysis of dead zone using CFD simulation in a pilot scale clearwell. The results show that the reason why higher L/W ratio increase the hydraulic efficiency is to decrease the dead zone of linear region which is located between baffles. Diffuser wall or intra-basin also affects on hydraulic efficiency with this process. Also, we conclude that hydraulic efficiency can not be reached to 0.8 or higher.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.307-310
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• 2005

본 논문은 CMOS 센서의 ISP 전처리 과정 후 최종 화면에 출력하기 위한 효과적인 이미지 스케일 블록을 저전력, 저비용에 맞은 독립된 하드웨어 장치로 설계 하고자 한다. 카메라 센서 이미지 결과를 디스플레이 장치(OSD(On Screen Display)에 맞는 화면의 크기는 CIF(352${\times}$288), QCIF(176${\times}$144) 출력 모드를 사용한다. 최근 DMB 휴대용 멀티미디어 데이터 전송 사이즈 포맷에서도 위와 같은 사이즈를 지원하고 있다. 일반적인 스케일 처리에서는 PC 그래픽 카드(Graphic Card)장치의 지원을 받아서 처리하는 경우가 많다. 또는 CPU의 연산을 통한 CPU 자원을 점유하여 이미지 스케일을 처리하였다. 휴대용 CMOS 센서용에 적합한 독립적으로 처리할 수 있는 이미지 스케일 기능을 하드웨어로 설계하여 효과적인 시스템 운용과 고속 이미지 스케일 처리가 가능한 하드웨어를 설계하는게 목적이다. 이를 구현 하기위해 기존 알고리즘과 제안한 알고리즘을 비교하여 최적화된 알고리즘 적용하여 VHDL설계언어를 이용한 하드웨어 설계 후, ModelSim 6.0a를 이용하여 데이터를 검증한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.330-341
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• 2015

Purpose: This study developed a self-report measure for easy assessing of the health literacy of Asian immigrant women in South Korea. Methods: After a literature review, focus group interviews, and content validity evaluation, 14 preliminary items were generated. These were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English. Data were collected from 229 Asian immigrant women. Validity and reliability tests were conducted. Results: Factor analysis yielded final 10 items in three factors: primary functional and interactive health literacy, secondary functional and interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy, which explained 61.90% of the total variance of health literacy. In known-group comparisons, health literacy was significantly lower in recent immigrants, those with a low education level, and those with low Korean language proficiency. For convergent validity, health literacy was positively associated with health specific self-efficacy and maternal health knowledge. For criterion-related validity, health literacy was positively associated with the REALM-SF. The overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of the instrument was .773. Conclusion: The Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women (HLAS) represents a multidimensional construct which encompasses functional, interactive, and critical health literacy. This self-report HLAS can be a useful and convenient method for appraising the health literacy of Asian immigrant women.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2010

A number of recent studies have shown that occupational stress is closely associated with increased fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. This study was designed to assess stress in workers in the field of EIA (environment impact assessment) from July 2009 through september 2009, and questionnaires were uesd to analyze the stress scores and identify the primary factors influencing stress in this occupation. The number of respondents was 272 working in the Capital (Seoul and Kyunggido), Chungcheongdo, Jejudo area. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' socio-demographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, reaction factor (self-perceived fatigue, job satisfaction) and buffer factor (social support). Occupational stress and self-perceived fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between occupational stress, job satisfaction, and social support, with occupational stress being associated with an increased risk of fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. In the multiple regression analysis(stepwise), the main factors influencing occupational stress were found to be job satisfaction, supervisor, fatigue, working time, no. of personnel, career. The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of self perceived fatigue and job satisfaction. Thus, a strong recommendation is made for a stress management program for reduction of occupational stress, and for the development of relevant experts on the health and quality of life of environment impact assessment workers.