• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2010

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is major cause of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. M. synoviae (MS) most frequently occurs a subclinical upper respiratory infection but may result in airsacculitis and synovitis in chickens and turkeys. Both mycoplasmas induce economic losses by triggering chronic respiratory signs, airsacculitis and decreased egg production. For prevention of the infections, live attenuated andinactivated vaccines are commercially used for prevention of MG but not MS in Korea. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been commonly used for serological diagnosis for MG and MS. Recently, it is believed that MS spread in chickens is very seriously in Korea and respiratory infection with MS causes substantial loss in poultry farms. In this study, we investigated the serological prevalence of MG and MS in unvaccinated chickens between 2008 and 2009. The overall seroprevalence of MG was 24% of 2,094 for individual chickens and 24% of 189 farms. The overall seroprevalence of MS was 36% in 2,095 chickens and 39% in 198 farms. The results show that seropositive ratio of MS is higher than MG. The geographical prevalence of MG has been estimated in following sequence; Gangwon, Jeolla, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, and Chungcheong. The geographical prevalence of MS has been estimated as follows; Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, and Jeolla. Seasonal seroprevalencewas also examined, and it found that seroprevalence in spring, fall and winter was higher than that in summer in MG, but not in MS. No significant difference was shown in seroprevalence according to breed. Future study about pathogenicity of MS isolates would be needed and economical losses by MS outbreaks should be analyzed. Moreover, we compared sero-positivity obtained with SPA and ELISA. The kappa value of MG between SPA and ELISA was 0.8061 and the kappa value of MS between SPA and ELISA was 0.7649.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1998

Total of 1085 swine sera (1996-1997) from nation-wide were tested for the presence of antibodies to influenza A virus. Fifty nine percent of the tested sera showed seropositive by HI test. Positive sera consisted of 24--- of H3, 15--- of H1, and 20--- of the sample had both antibodies, respectively. Sera collected from various region represented 7~27--- seropositivity to H1N1, 15~25--- to H3N2, respectively. Swine influenza field isolate from nasal swab was characterized antigenically and genetically to elucidate its relatedness with other known strains of influenza A virus. The study was focused on the HA gene which is related to pathogenecity and antigenic variability of the influenza virus. By RT-PCR using influenza A/H1N1 specific primers, influenza virus H1N1 specific DNA fragment was amplified from A/Swine/Iowa/15/30(H1N1), US field isolate but not in H3N2 strain. PCR products were sequenced by dideoxy chain termination method to determine nucleotide homology with other strains of influenza A virus. The US field isolate and A/Swine/Indiana/1726/88 strain had 97--- of nucleotide homology and 98--- of amino acid homology. Based on the results obtained from this experiment, the field isolate was genetically related to A/Swine/Indiana/1726/88 and had higher homology with A/Swine/Indiana/1726/88 than with classical swine influenza virus, A/Swine/Iowa/15/30. The field isolate had no amino acid changes at the antigenic site compare to that of the A/Swine/Indiana/1726/88. The proteolytic enzyme cleavage site between HA1 and HA2 had no alteration and the amino acid arginine was intact. There is no evidence has been found that the field isolate has genetic shift or genetic drift which might altered antigenic determinant.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2012

Brucellosis, a bacterial zoonoses caused by the genus Brucella is responsible for abortion and infertility in cow. Brucellosis is causing economic loss in dairy industries and prevalent worldwide including Bangladesh but limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence and its association with reproductive factors of dairy cows in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle using screening test Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the positive sera were further confirmed by indirect- ELISA. For this purpose, a total of 400 serum samples from dairy cows with history of abortion and various reproductive disorders were collected from the Kurigram district of Bangladesh for the detection of Brucella antibody. The overall prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle was 2.25%. Brucellosis in cases of abortion and repeat breeding was 8.3% and 2.8%, respectively. The results shows higher prevalence of brucellosis in cases of abortion followed by repeat breeding, while there was no seropositive cases from other reproductive disorders. Age-wise sero-prevalence was found 3.0% in 2~3 years age group and 2.0% in 4~8 years age group. The prevalence of brucellosis in indigenous and cross-bred cattle was 3.6% and 1.7%, respectively. All the animals detected positive to brucellosis by RBT were not found to be positive by i-ELISA. However, the RBT might be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of Brucella infection in field condition in Bangladesh. These data will help to develop effective disease prevention strategies.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Purpose: The present study was performed to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease severity and selected immunological parameters consisting of serum IgG titer against periodontopathogenic bacteria, the expression of the helper T-cell cytokine by gingival mononuclear cells, and patients' immunoreactivity to cross-reactive heat shock protein (HSP) epitope peptide from P. gingivalis HSP60. Methods: Twenty-five patients with moderate periodontitis had their gingival connective tissue harvested of gingival mononuclear cells during an open flap debridement procedure and peripheral blood was drawn by venipuncture to collect serum. The mean level of interproximal alveolar bone was calculated to be used as an index for periodontal disease severity for a given patient. Each of selected immunologic parameters was subject to statistical management to seek their correlations with the severity of periodontal disease. Results: A significant correlation could not be identified between serum IgG titers against specific bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans) and the severity of periodontal disease. Expression of interleukin (IL)-10 by gingival mononuclear cells was statistically significant in the group of patients who had higher levels of alveolar bone height. However, a similar correlation could not be demonstrated in cases for IL-4 or interferon-$\gamma$. Patients' serum reactivity to cross-reactive epitope peptide showed a significant correlation with the amount of alveolar bone. Conclusions: It was concluded that expression of IL-10 by gingival mononuclear cells and patients' sero-reactivity to the cross-reactive HSP peptide of P. gingivalis HSP60 were significantly correlated with alveolar bone height.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2005

This survey was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in Korean indigenous cattle that was representative livestock raised in Jeongeup province Jeonbuk Korea. A total of 1,162 sera were tested for N caninum antibodies using ELISA (Herdcheck anti-Neospora. IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, Maine USA). $15(1.3\%)$ sera were positive by ELISA. A total of 290 farms were tested. $11(3.8\%)$ farms were positive. Among the seroprevalence of cattle according to the areas, 8 of 44 counties were infected N caninum. Sero-positive 11 farms of N caninum antibodies using ELISA test and 62 of 301 sera $(20.6\%)$ were infected to N caninum. We found that cattle be raised in Jeongeup province was slightly infected to N caninum. It seems to be infected of N caninum an early stage. but the positive rates was variable that it was $6\%\~62\%$. It was supposed to the highest positive rate of 3 farms had some factors to be infected. The factors were supposed to keep dogs yearly, located the base of hills, and almost feed with imported dried grass. Farmers suppose to the cause of abortion was not the neosporosis but also broke out an accident or was infected Brucella spp. The results of Brucella Rose Bengal Test (RBT) were all negative.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1987

Previous studies have been performed for the sero-identification of selected species of Bacteroides by immunofluorescence antibody techniques and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using species-specific rabbit antisera to B. gingivalis, B. intermedius, and B. melaninogenicus. However, these studies have not commented on the serological cross-reactivity between these 3 species of black- pigmented Bacteroides. For the cross-reactivity study, antisera to B. gingivalis ATCC 33277, B. intermedius ATC C25261 and B. asaccharolyticus ATCC 25260 were raised from rabbits. Preliminary study for observing the cross-reactivity between these species was performed by indirect immunoflourescence technique. Immunoabsorption of the antisera was done with bacterial cells from the other species and the species-specificity of the antisera was conformed by the absence of reactivity with bacterial strains from the other species by indirect immunofluorescence technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three representative unabsorbed antisera cross-reacted strongly with cells from the other species. Especially, anti-B. asaccharolyticus ATCC 25260 antiserum showed a strong cross-reactivity with B. gingivalis ATCC33277. After immunoabsorption of 3 representative antisera with the other species, the cross-reactivity was found only between B. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and B. asaccharolyticus ATCC 25260. Further study would be necessary to clarify the cross-reactivity between important oral black-pigmented Bacteroides from subgingival plaque or bacterial colonies for rapid identification.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2021

Mammalian reovirus (MRV) causes respiratory and intestinal disease in mammals. Although MRV isolates have been reported to circulate in several animals, there are no reports on Korean MRV isolates from wildlife. We investigated the biological and molecular characteristics of Korean MRV isolates based on the nucleotide sequence of the segment 1 gene. In total, 144 swabs from wild animals were prepared for virus isolation. Based on virus isolation with specific cytopathic effects, indirect fluorescence assays, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only one isolate was confirmed to be MRV from a Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). The isolate exhibited a hemagglutination activity level of 16 units with pig erythrocytes and had a maximum viral titer of 10^5.7 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/mL in Vero cells at 5 days after inoculation. The nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the partial segment S1 of the MReo2045 isolate were determined and compared with those of other MRV strains. The MReo2045 isolate had nucleotide sequences similar to MRV-3 and was most similar (96.1%) to the T3/Bat/Germany/342/08 strain, which was isolated in Germany in 2008. The MReo2045 isolate will be useful as an antigen for sero-epidemiological studies and developing diagnostic tools.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.415-419
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• 2021

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium spp. is a diagnostic antigen and useful biomarker for monitoring short-term/seasonal changes to malaria transmission. Using P. vivax CSP antibody ELISA, epidemiological characteristics were analyzed in the residents of Ganghwa, Cheorwon, Paju, and Goseong from 2017 to 2018. In Ganghwa and Cheorwon, 1.6% and 1.2% of residents, respectively, were PvCSP-antibody-positive in 2018, which indicates a decrease of 0.4% in the positive rate compared to 2017. The annual parasite incidence (API) in Ganghwa and Cheorwon was 24.9 and 10.5 in 2017 and 20.3 and 10.7 in 2018, respectively. Although the changes were not significant, the API in Ganghwa decreased slightly by 4.5 in 2018 compared to the previous year. In Paju and Goseong, 3.9% and 2.0% of residents were positive for the PvCSP antibody. The API in Paju was 13.1 in 2017 and 16.0 in 2018, although no malaria patients were reported for the 2 years. Therefore, the results suggest that PvCSP is a useful antigen for confirming initial malaria infection. Additionally, considering that the antibody is relatively transient, it can be employed for sero-epidemiological studies to determine the extent of malaria transmission in the current year.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.9
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• 2022

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) causes fatal leukopenia and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea in cats. Although FPV isolates have been reported worldwide from several animals, the biological and genetic features of South Korean FPVs remain unclear. We characterized molecularly South Korean FPV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FPV from 60 organ homogenates. The isolates were confirmed to be FPVs via analyses of cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence studies, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction. Viral genetic analyses used the full VP2 sequences. Eight isolates propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FPVs. All isolates yielded viral titers ranging from 10^4.5 to 10^6.0 TCID₅₀/mL 5 days after inoculation into CRFK cells and exhibited hemagglutination titers ranging from 2⁷ to 2¹² (using pig erythrocytes). The Korean FPV isolates grew well in cat cells such as CRFK and Fcwf-4 cells. The FPV isolates were most similar to the KS42 strain isolated from a Korean cat in 2008. The FPV isolates will serve as useful antigens in future sero-epidemiological studies and will aid in the development of diagnostic tools.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2020

Background: Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) induces infectious laryngotracheitis in members of the family Canidae, including dogs. To date, no ELISA kits specific for CAV-2 antibody have been commercialized for dogs in Korea. Objectives: We aimed to develop new indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) to perform rapid, accurate serological surveys of CAV-2 in dog serum samples. Methods: In total, 165 serum samples were collected from dogs residing in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces between 2016 and 2018. The Korean CAV-2, named the APQA1701-40P strain, was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and purified in an anion-exchange chromatography column for use as an antigen for I-ELISA. The virus-neutralizing antibody titers of CAV-2 in the dog sera were measured by virus neutralization (VN) test. Results: We compared the results obtained between the VN and new I-ELISA tests. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of new I-ELISA were 98.6%, 86.4% and 97.0% compared with VN test, respectively. New I-ELISA was significantly correlated with VN (r = 0.91). Conclusions: These results indicate that new I-ELISA is useful for sero-surveillance of CAV-2 in dog serum.