• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.415-424
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the global regulatory mechanism known as quorum sensing and expression of virulence factors in Escherichia coli O157:87. A nonpolar luxS deletion was introduced into the chromosome of strain CI03J, a human clinical isolate from South Korea, to create the ${\Delta}luxS$ mutant strain ML03J. Phenotypic characterization of wild-type and mutant strains demonstrated that ML03J had no obvious growth or metabolic defects on 0.2% glucose LB medium, produced a functionally defective flagellum, and could not utilize sorbose; the biological significance of sorbose utilization is unknown. Omics-based analysis revealed the involvement of LuxS in the transcriptional activation of several flagella/chemotaxisrelated genes (flhD; fliA, C, D, S, Z; and cheA, Y, Z), repression of glutamate-dependent acid resistance genes (gadAB), and expression of virulence factors including Shiga toxin, hemolysin, and SepD within the LEE pathogenicity island.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1372-1383
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in cosmetic purchase behavior according to clothing involvement, age, and face satisfaction. Subjects of this study were the females in Seoul and Kyonggi, who were 20's and 40$.$50's. Questionnaire was used as major method of gathering data. The data were collected from Sep. to Oct., 2003 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 with various techniques such as the factor analysis, reliability analysis, mean, percentage, cluster analysis, ANOYA, Duncan test, t-test. Cronbach's $\alpha$ and X$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The cosmetic purchase behaviors were categorized in 4 different factors by the factor analysis;'fashion pursuit' purchase, 'conspicuous pursuit' purchase, 'brand pursuit' purchase and 'rational pursuit' purchase. 2. The consumers were classified into four groups by clothing involvement; 'high clothing involvement' group, 'low fashion involvement' group, 'middle clothing involvement' group and 'low clothing involvement' group. 3.'High clothing involvement' group was the highest in 'fashion pursuit' and 'conspicuous pursuit' purchase factors, 'Low fashion involvement' group was the lowest in 'fashion pursuit' purchase factor. Conclusionally, 'fashion pursuit' and 'conspicuous pursuit' purchase behaviors were setting more aggressive as clothing involvement was getting higher. 4. The differences in cosmetic purchase behavior according to the age revealed that 40'$.$50s' basic cosmetic purchase behavior was more 'brand pursuit' oriented than 20's. 5. The result of differences in cosmetics purchase behavior according to the face satisfaction was no noticeable difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.892-903
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in make-up behavior according to clothing involvement, age, and face satisfaction. Subjects of is study were the females in Seoul and Kyonggi, who were 20s and 40 $.$ 50s. Questionnaire was used as major method of gathering data. The data were collected from Sep. to Oct. in 2003 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 with various techniques such as the factor analysis, mean, percentage, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, 1-test, Cronbach＇s $\alpha$, and $\chi$$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The consumers were classified into four categories by clothing involvement; high clothing involvement group, low fashion involvement group, middle clothing involvement group, low clothing involvement group. 2. The differences in make-up behavior according to the clothing involvement showed that make-up behavior was getting more aggressive as clothing involvement was getting higher. And generally Korean females thought the make-up was important. 3. The differences in make-up behavior according to the age revealed that 20s＇ make-up behavior was fashion oriented more than 40ㆍ50s, and 40ㆍ50s＇ make-up behavior was that they were taking a serious viewer than 20s＇ in interpersonal relationship oriented make-up behavior. 4. The result of differences in make-up behavior according to the face satisfaction was that no noticeable difference was found depending on the face satisfaction. This study revealed that the differences in make-up behavior according to clothing involvement and age were found and suggested that the cosmetic market segmentation could depend on clothing involvement market and two age group market such as younger and elder than 40ㆍ50s.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.643-649
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• 1998

Background: For the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring long-term oxygen therapy, oxygen concentrator machines are already widely available for use in home. In this study, we used mongrel dogs as test subjects to compare the functional efficiency and safety of the oxygen concentrator developed by our own research team with those of the imported FORLIFE(TM) machine made by AIRSEP Corp. Method and method: To test mechanical reliability, the concentrations of oxygen delivered were measured after 4 hours of continuous operation. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into two equal groups. Mongrel dogs in group A were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator, and those in group B using the machine developed. 5 l/min of oxygen were given, after which vital signs were analyzed, arterial blood gases measured, and blood chemistry tests carried out. Results: After 4 hours of continuous operation, the imported model performed better, giving 98${\pm}$3% oxygen, compared to our model, which gave 91${\pm}$1%. In the animal experiments, oxygen concentrations were measured at the inlet of face mask 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after continuous administration, and there was no statistically significant difference(repeated measures of analysis of variance p=0.70) between the values of 70.6${\pm}$2.5%, 67.1${\pm}$2.9%, 68.2${\pm}$2.6%, and 64.9${\pm}$3.9% that were measured from group A, and the values of 65.1${\pm}$4.8%, 65.2${\pm}$3.6%, 68.7${\pm}$4.3%, and 66.0${\pm}$5.0% measured from group B. Before oxygen administration, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after oxygen administration, arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen 87.2${\pm}$2.5 mmHg, 347.4${\pm}$29.3 mmHg, 353.4${\pm}$21.2 mmHg, 343.0${\pm}$28.8 mmHg, and 321.6${\pm}$24.4 mmHg, respectively, were read from group A, which were not statistically different (p=0.24) to the values of 102.5${\pm}$9.6 mmHg, 300.3${\pm}$17.1 mmHg, 321.6${\pm}$23.7 mmHg, 303.4${\pm}$27.4 mmHg, and 273.5${\pm}$25.9 mmHg read from group B. Nonetheless, the arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen values appear to be somewhat higher in dogs that were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator. Conclusions: From these results the prototype oxygen concentrator developed appears to function relatively satisfactorily compared to the imported, established model, but may be criticized for the excessive noise generated and poor long-term endurance or consistency, which need improvement.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 1998

Purpose : We retrospectively analyzed the impact of subpleural lesions of early stage non-small cell lung cancer on the patterns of failure to support selection of postoperative adjuvant therapy. Methods and Materials : The study included 91 patients who underwent surgery for early stage non-small cell lung cancer at Dong-A University Hospital from Dec 1990 to Sep 1996. Twenty five patients were excluded due to postoperative mortality (four patients, 4.4$\%$) and stage III (21 patients). Of 66 patients, 22 patients were subpleural lesions (15 patients in stage I, and seven patients in stage II). Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy was given to seven patients with T2Nl disease. The median follow-up duration was 29.5 months (range; 8-84 months). Results : The overall survival rate was 69.5$\%$ at 3 years. For all patients who presented with (22 patients) and without (44 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 35.5$\%$ and 84.6$\%$, respectively (p=0.0017). For stage I patients who presented with (15 patients) and without (29 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 33.1$\%$ and 92.3$\%$, respectively (p=0.001). For stage II patients who presented with (7 patients) and without (15 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 53.3$\%$ and 45.7$\%$, respectively (p=0.911). For patients with T2N0 disease (34 patients) who presented with (11 patients) and without (23 patients) subpleural lesions, 3-year overall survival rates were 27.3$\%$ and 90.3$\%$, respectively (p=0.009). Conclusion : These observations suggest that the subpleural lesion play an important role as a prognostic factor for early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Especially for T2N0 disease, patients with subpleural lesions showed significantly lower survival rate than those without that.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.587-598
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• 1993

Hydrofluoric acid is one of the strongest irritating, corrosive and poisonous inorganic chemicals. Hydrofluoric acid burns are occurring with ever-increasing frequency due to the wide use of this acid in industries. Hydrofluoric acid burns are characterized by severe progressive tissue destruction and excruciating pain due to the unique properties of the freely dissolvable fluoride ion. The authors reviewed medical records of 32 cases (36 spells) of hydrofluoric acid burns which occurred in a hydrofluoric acid manufacturing factory from Sep. 1, 1990 to June 30, 1993. The results are as follows; 1. Eleven measurements of air concentrations of hydrofluoric acid by detection tube method from 1990 to 1992 were all below TLV (Department of Labor, R.O. K). 2. There were 19 cases (22 spells) of hydrofluoric acid burns which occurred during the study period among regular employees. The overall incidence density of hydrofluoric acid was 17.8 cases (20.6 spells) per 100 person-year. Incidence density was 19.0 cases (22.0 spells) per 100 person-year among male workers and there were no female cases. Incidence density was 32.9 cases (38.3 spells) per 100 person-year among production workers and 1.9 cases (1.9 spells) per 100 person-years among management workers with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.01). 3. Of 32 cases (36 spells) of hydrofluoric acid burns among workers who were regularly employed or temporarily employed, 26 spells (81.2%) were between age 20 to 39. In 15 spells(41.7%) burns occurred between 12:00 and 17:59 with 16 spells(44.3%) having arrived at hospital within 2 hours after the accident. 4. Of 36 spells, the main cause of hydrofluoric acid burns were by splashes (8 spells, 22.2 %). The most frequent site of burns were fingers and pain was the most frequent symptom. Thirty spells (83.3%) of the hydrofluoric acid burns were treated with local injection of antidote (calcium gluconate). Complete recovery without scarring were observed in most of the cases (34 out of 36 cases, 94.4%). The study results suggest that to prevent hydrofluoric acid burns, environmental control and the wearing of hydrofluoric acid resistant protective clothes and gloves are important. It is also stressed that establishment of an emergency management and a transfer system for hydrofluoric acid burn victims is necessary.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.916-922
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• 1996

In patients with pleural adhesion, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been regarded as a contra- indication. When such adhesions were found during a thoracoscopic trial, the thoracotomy proceeded with for fear of parenchymal Injury and bleeding. We had a question whether or not thoracoscopic surgery should be done in such pleural adhesions. Of the 226 consecutive thoracoscopic surgeries from Jul. 1992 through Sep. 1995, pleural adhesions were detected intraoperatively in 50 cases (22.1%): a detailed breakdown is as follows: pneumothorax (16 cases), pleural disease (15), benign pulmonary nodule(7), mediastinal mass(5), hyperhidrosis (2), diffuse parenchymal or interstitial lung disease (2), bronchiectasis(2), and primary lung cancer(1). We classified pleural adhesions according to their extent and severity. Extent is categorized as the involved area of the lung: degree 1, II, or III; severity is given one of four grades: mild, moderate, severe, or ve y severe. In cases of very severe severity requiring decortication, the possibility of VATS was excluded. Of the 50 cases, mild adhesions were detected in 15 cases(30.0%), moderate in 29 (58.0%), and severe in 6 (12.0%). As for the extent of the adhesions, 8 cases (16.0%) were categorized as degree 1, 32 cases (64. 0%) as degree II, and 10 cases (20.0%) as degree III. For patients with pleural adhesions, the operation time, the chest tube indwelling time, and the postoperative hospital stay were all longer than for patients in the non-adhesion group. Postoperative complications, namely prolonged air-leakage and pleural drain- age, were more common (18.0% and 6.0%, respectively) than in the non-adhesion group (5.1% and 1.7%, respectively). Only two bronchiectatic patients (4%) were converted to an open thoracotomy because of in- ability to control bleeding. Although complications were encountered more frequently in the group with adhesions, patients were still able to enjoy the benefi s of thoracoscopic surgery. It is advisable to proceed with thoracoscopic surgery even in cases of unpredicted pleural adhesions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

We have investigated the correlation between odorous compounds and actinomycetes in drinking water source of Nakdong River in 2011. Geosmin was mainly detected in the spring and summer seasons (Mar, Aug, and Sep) and 2-MIB was mainly detected in the winter and spring seasons (Feb, Mar and May). The odorous compounds concentrations were highest on March which also overlapped with the peak of actinomycetes, geosmin and 2-MIB were detected highly in the diluted culture solution of isolated actinomycetes strains from Nakdong River. For these reasons we could confirm that odorous compounds on March and August are closely related with actinomycetes. Meanwhile, geosmin increase on September supposed to relate with Microcystis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.354-359
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• 2008

Background: Warfarin is used as an anticoagulant and it is mainly excreted by the liver metabolism (the R-form is mainly metabolized by cytochrome p450 3A4, and the S form by cytochrome p450 2C9). Rifampin is usually used for tuberculosis or endocarditis, and it is a representative drug that induces the CYP families, including 3A4 and 2C9. The anticoagulation effect of warfarin decreases through the increased metabolism that's due to the induction of enzymes, and this iscaused by rifampin when patients take these two medicines together. No one has suggested appropriate guidelines regarding this drug interaction even though an appropriate adjustment of warfarin's dosage is needed. We examined the drug interaction in patients who received warfarin-rifampin combination therapy according to the time interval, and the factors affecting drug interaction were analyzed. Based on the data, we tried to determine the clinically available warfarin dosage guidelines before and after taking this drug combination. Material and Method: We reviewed the OO University Hospital anticoagulation service team's follow up sheets that were filled out from Jan '1998 to Sep 2006 for the patient who took warfarin - rifampin combination therapy (n=15). Result: The average INR of all the patient before rifampin administration was $2.25{\pm}0.52$ $(mean{\pm}SD)$, and that value for the first 100 days after rifampin administration was $1.98{\pm}0.28$. The p value for these two sets of data showed no correlation (paired t-test, p>0.05). The average INR of all the patient before rifampin cessation was $2.19{\pm}0.34$, and the value after rifampin cessation was $2.49{\pm}0.43$. The p value of these two showed correlation (paired t-test, p<0.05) but the average INR falls between the therapeutic INR range. Conclusion: The warfarin dose adjustment equation of before and after warfarin-rifampin combination therapy was derived based on this study's results because the warfarin dosage adjustment of the anticoagulation service team was considered appropriate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1999

This study has investigated the growing features and vegetation of Acanthopanax chiisanensis and Acanthopanax koreanum in Mt. Jiri and Halla from Sep. 1997 to Aug. 1998. As to Acanthopanax chiisanensis, it occupied surrounding areas of Nogodan in Mt. Jiri of the height of 1,507m, ImgeolyoungJae of 1,300m and the Mt. Halla. of 1,100m of There were rather high constancy degree with Quercus mongolica, Schizandra chinensis, Hydrangen serrate for. acuminata, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Actaea asiatica, Thalictrum filamentosum, Abies koreana, Arundinella hirta from the sorts. The common species in Mt. Jiri and Halla are Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Callicarpa japonica, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Acer mono, Ligularia fischeri, Disporum smilacinum, Viola acuminata Aconitum kusnezofii. On the other hand, concerning of Acanthopanax koreanum community, it possessed the small areas of wedo weoltae village in Chejudo. In this area, a liana e.g. Dioscorea tenuipes, Hedera rhombea, Lygodium japonicum, Akebia quinata, Vitis thunbergii, Dunbaria villosa, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Vitis amurensis, Paederia scandens, lives with Pinux thunbergii, Celtis aurantiaca, Mallotus japonicus and so forth in tree layer and subtree layer. There is artificial change no move in the researching sites, Acanthopanax chiixanensis will be transformed into Abies koreana - Acanthopanax chiisanensis community. Soil characteristics showed the high value such as pH 6.56 and conductivity 0.258mmho/cm in Acanthopanax koreanum community of Mt. Jiri, they also indicated digit as follows: the content of organic matter and total nitrogen are from 25.16 through 25.35% and 7.58 through 9.30mg/g respectably. The soil characteristics at Acanthopanax chiisanensis community in Mt. Jiri and Halla, was high as like pH 5.76, conductivity 0.238mmho/cm, total nitrogen 9.30mg/g, total phosphorus 0.126mg/g in Mt. Halla.