• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2008

The aqueous extract of Schisandra chinensis, Evodia rutaecarpa and meal (SEM-Ex) has been traditionally used in the Oriental countries as an astringent. However, little is known about the effects of aqueous extract of SEM-Ex on dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SEM-Ex on DSS-induced colitis in mice. An experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% DSS. SEM-Ex was orally administered from day 2 of DSS treatment in the different dose (10-50 mg/kg body weight). SEM-Ex reduced significantly clinical sign of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, increased disease activity index (DAI), and histological colon injury. Moreover, SEM-Ex suppressed significantly not only the serum haptoglobin levels and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), but also the colon tissue expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in DSS-induced mice. In contrast, SEM-Ex increased significantly the colon tissue expression levels of granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) well known as anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that SEM-Ex administration could reduce significantly the clinical signs and regulate of chemokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine in DSS-induced model mice. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) response effect of SEM-Ex.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and penetration of PEG molecules into the cell wall of wood by SEM-EDS method. SEM observation indicated that the cell walls of PEG-treated specimen were swollen, and didn't show any change in their shapes, while the cells of untreated specimen were more or less collapsed. The results of X-ray analyses of potassium stained samples revealed the distribution of the impregnated chemicals within the cell walls, when considering the distribution of potassium ions in the cell walls. Consequently, this study supported the possibility of PEG molecules penetrated into the wood cell wall play an important role in enhancing the dimensional stability of wood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.686-687
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• 2006

The encapsulated induction melting and hot pressing were employed to prepare Fe-doped $CoSb_3$ skutterudites and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. Single phase $\delta-CoSb_3$ was successfully obtained by the subsequent heat treatment at 773K for 24 hours. Iron atoms acted as electron acceptors by substituting cobalt atoms. Thermoelectric properties were remarkably improved by the appropriate doping. $Co_{0.7}Fe_{0.3}Sb_3$ was found as an optimum composition for best thermoelectric properties in this work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.665-666
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• 2006

Undoped $CoSb_3$ powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental powders using a nominal stoichiometric composition. Nano-structured, single-phase skutterudite $CoSb_3$ was successfully produced by vacuum hot pressing (VHP) using MA powders without subsequent annealing. Phase transformations during synthesis were investigated using XRD, and microstructure was observed using SEM and TEM. Thermoelectric properties in terms of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and figure of merit(ZT) were systematically measured and compared with the results of analogous studies. Lattice thermal conductivity was reduced owing to increasing phone scattering in nano-structured MA $CoSb_3$, leading to enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit. MA associated with VHP technique offers an alternative potential processing route for the process of skutterudite.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2529-2543
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• 2019

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image can link with the microscopic world through reflecting interaction between electrons and materials. The SEM images are easily subject to blurring distortions during the imaging process. Inspired by the fact that dark channel prior captures the changes to blurred SEM images caused by the blur process, we propose a method to evaluate the SEM images sharpness based on the dark channel prior. A SEM image database is first established with mean opinion score collected as ground truth. For the quality assessment of the SEM image, the dark channel map is generated. Since blurring is typically characterized by the spread of edge, edge of dark channel map is extracted. Then noise is removed by an edge-preserving filter. Finally, the maximum gradient and the average gradient of image are combined to generate the final sharpness score. The experimental results on the SEM blurred image database show that the proposed algorithm outperforms both the existing state-of-the-art image sharpness metrics and the general-purpose no-reference quality metrics.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.91-111
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• 2023

This study aims to identify the influencing factors of intention to use cloud services using the SEM-ANN two-step approach. In previous studies of SEM-ANN, SEM presented R² and ANN presented MSE(mean squared error), so analysis performance could not be compared. In this study, R² and MSE were calculated and presented by SEM and ANN, respectively. Then, analysis performance was compared and feature importances were compared by sensitivity analysis. As a result, the ANN default model improved R² by 2.87 compared to the PLS model, showing a small Cohen's effect size. The ANN optimization model improved R² by 7.86 compared to the PLS model, showing a medium Cohen effect size. In normalized feature importances, the order of importances was the same for PLS and ANN. The contribution of this study, which links structural equation modeling to artificial intelligence, is that it verified the effect of improving the explanatory power of the research model while maintaining the order of importance of independent variables.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1988

SEM은 전자현미경의 고배율 관찰 기능으로부터 여러가지 분석기능을 부착한 분석장비로서 그 영역을 확장하고 있다. 전자선과 시료의 반응으로부터 발생하는 각종 신호, 즉 X- 선이나 2차 전자 및 반사전자 등을 검출하여 확대상의 형성 이외에 성분분석을 행할 수 있다. 여기에서는 이러한 기능을 나타내기 위한 SEM의 구조와 기본 원리에 대해 조사하였고 검출된 신호를 처리하는 여러 기술을 언급하였다. 그리고 반도체 재료의 분석을 위하여 SEM 및 관련된 분석기술의 중요성과 방향 등을 언급하였다.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2000

The Schoolwide Enrichment Model(SEM) is a representative model for the gifted education. As the model seems to be more conceptual in nature, it is hard to respond to the different interests and changing needs of the gifted learners. Also it does not provide specific procedures and prescriptions in teaching-learning processes for the teachers. Therefore, SEM needs to be modified into a Systemic Model that is more flexible and procedural. The paper proposes an Instructional Systems Design(ISD) model for SEM. The Systemic Model for SEM consists of 5 major steps. These are as follows: Planning, Diagnosis, Prescription, Implementation, Evaluation. In Planning step, there is a six-stage procedure for initiating the implementation of the SEM. In Diagnosis step, there are two-phases in identifying students for participation in the SEM and assessing strengths, interests, and talents of the learners and recording in The Total Talent Portfolio(TTP). In Prescription step, Curriculum Compacting is administered as a systematic procedure for modifying thecurriculum for above-average ability students. In Implementation step, Enrichment Learning and Teaching is an instructional strategy designed to promote active engagement in learning for teachers and students. Whenever each step has completed, Evaluation step should be followed. These 5 steps are repetitive, cycling and interactive. That is, each one becomes input for the next step, process for itself, and output for the previous step. Each step is monitored through the process of Review and Revision step. In conclusion, the paper suggests six strengths of the Systemic Model for SEM; The Model (1) provides the specific procedure in teaching-learning process; 92) has interactive relations with each component; (3) can be revised continuously for creation of the most effective system; (4) can be implemented more flexibly; (5) can be developed as an unique system for each school; (6) facilitates communications between teachers and students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.121-127
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• 2018

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of eye movement on cognitive ability using Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and the amplitude and latency of P300 from event-related potentials after 55 elderly participants were randomly stratified into the saccadic eye movement (SEM) group and the smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) group, and performed eye movement for 4 weeks. As a result, P300 amplitude significantly increased and P300 latency significantly shortened in the SEM and SPEM groups. MMSE-DS showed a significant increase in both groups; upon comparing the groups, the SEM group showed a significant difference in orientation and the SPEM group in attention. In conclusion, it is thought that SEM and SPEM can improve and maintain the cognitive ability of the elderly and may be used as therapeutic tools for dementia prevention and mild dementia.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 1999

The microstructure of Cu thin films in various deposition conditions was characterized. Cr films (50 nm thick) and Cu films (500 or 1000 nm thick) were deposited on polyimide films by DC magnetron sputtering. The Ar pressure during Cu deposition was controlled to 5, 50 and 100 mtorr. The microstructure was characterized using conventional and high resolution SEM and TEM. As sputtering pressure increases, open boundaries are observed more frequently. The Cu film deposited at 5 mtorr has a dense and uniform structure, while low-density regions or open boundaries between columns exist in the film deposited at higher pressure. As the film grows thicker, open boundaries are wider and the density of open boundaries are higher. The comparison between SEM and TEM show that the small features shown in high resolution SEM are grains. High resolution SEM is very effective to characterize the microstructure of the thin films. One column in the films deposited at 50 and 100 mtorr consists of several grains, which are smaller than those deposited at 5 mtorr.