• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2011

ACF and $WO_3$ modified $TiO_2$ composites (ACF/$WO_3$/$TiO_2$) were prepared using a sol-gel method. The composites were characterized by Brunauer.Emmett.Teller (BET) surface area measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. A methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light irradiation was used to determine the photocatalytic activity. The degradation of the MO was determined using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. An increase in photocatalytic activity was observed and attributed to an increase of the photo-absorption effect by the $WO_3$ and the cooperative effect of the ACF.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance degrades when hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) is present in the fuel hydrogen gas; this is referred to as $H_2S$ poisoning. This paper reveals $H_2S$ poisoning on PEMFC by measuring electrical performance of single cell FC under various operating conditions. The severity of $H_2S$ poisoning depended on $H_2S$ concentration under best operating conditions($65^{\circ}C$ of cell temperature and 100% of anode humidification). $H_2S$ adsorption occured on the surface of catalyst layer on MEA, but not on the gas diffusion layer(GDL) by analyzing SEM/EDX data. In addition, MEA poisoning by $H_2S$ was cumulative but reversible. After poisoning for less than 150 min, performance of PEMFC was recovered up to 80% by just inert nitrogen gas purging.

• Carbon letters
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

The electro-chemical removal (ECR) of water pollutants by metal-ACF electrodes from wastewater was investigated over wide range of ECR time. The ECR capacities of metallic ACF electrodes were related to physical properties such as adsorption isotherm, surface area and pore size and to reaction time. Surface morphologies and elemental analysis for the metal supported ACFs after electro-catalytic reaction were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray (EDX) to explain the changes in adsorption properties. The IR spectra of metallic ACFs for the investigation of functional groups show that the electro-catalytic treatment is consequently associated with the removal of pollutants with the increasing surface reactivity of the activated carbon fibers. The metal-ACFs were electro-catalytically reacted to waste water to investigate the removal efficiency for the COD, T-N, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N and $NO_2$-N. From these removal results of the piggery waste using metallic ACFs substrate, satisfactory removal performance was achieved. The removal efficiency of the metallic ACFs substrate was mainly determined by the properties of the material for adsorption and trapping of organics, and catalytic effects.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

This study aims at investigating the wear properties of thermally sprayed $Al/Al_2O_3$ metal matrix composite(MMC) coating against different counterparts. $Al/Al_2O_3$ MMC coatings were fabricated using a flame spray system on an Al 6061 substrate. Dry sliding wear tests were performed using the sliding speeds of 0.2m/s and the applied loads of 1 and 2 N. AISI 52100, $Al_2O_3$, $Si_3N_4\;and\;ZrO_2$ balls(diameter: 8mm) were used as counterpart materials. Wear properties of $Al/Al_2O_3$ MMC coatings were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was revealed that wear properties of $Al/Al_2O_3$ composite coatings were much influenced by counterpart materials. In the case of AISI 52100 used as counterparts, the wear rate of composites coating layer increased according to the increase of the applied load. On the contrary, in the case of ceramics used as counterparts, the wear rate of composites coating layer decreased according to the increase of the applied load.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2003

We have performed the electrochemical method to fabricate high temperature superconducting (TlPbBi) -(SrBa)-Ca-Cu-O films. The precursors of the superconducting sample were codeposited at a periodic pulsed-potential cycle (1 second at -4V and 1 second at -1V) on a silver substrate. The variation of structure, microstructure and element were analysed by ICP and SEM techniques. The specimens were consisted predominantly of the Tl-1212 phase and have a transition temperature of 80～87 K in low magnetic field. It was showed that each grain has the stoichiometric ratio of $T1_{0.7}$Pb_$Bi_{0.3}$ $_Sr{0.1}$ $Ba_{2.4}$ $Ca_{0.2}$ $Cu_{1.2}$ $2.5/O_{x}$ by EDX analysis.sis.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.1966-1971
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• 2011

Generally, the characteristics of the conductor that was affected by forest fire can be analyzed only when the forest fire is accurately modeled and its effect is identified. Few studies have been conducted with a forest fire model for transmission lines, and no results of the examination of the actual test specimens that were exposed to forest fire have been reported. As the deterioration characteristics of a forest fire are difficult to analyze in the actual field, an environment that was similar to that in the field was used in this study. Deterioration was deposited on a wire using an artificial flame experiment device, to analysis the temperature, surface and component characteristics. It seems that this analysis data in this study can be used as the basic data for the database that can be utilized to analyze wires exposed to forest fire and deterioration and to predict the ACSR wire refurnishment life.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1244_1245
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• 2009

Coating of amorphous nitride thin layers, such as boron nitride (BN) and carbon nitride (CN), has been performed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the purpose of enhancing their electron-emission performances because those nitride films have relatively low work functions and commonly exhibit negative electron affinity behavior. The CNTs were directly grown on metal-tip (tungsten, approximately 500 nm in diameter at the summit part) substrates by inductively coupled plasma-chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD). Sharpening of the tungsten tips were carried out by electrochemical etching. Morphologies and microstructures of BN and CN films were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electron-emission properties (such as maximum emission currents and turn-on fields) of the BN-coated and CN-coated CNT-emitters were characterized in terms of the thickness of BN and CN layers.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 2003

Ti-25Al-xNb (x=0, 3, 7, 11, 13 at. %) alloys and 18 vol. % TiB/(Ti-25Al-11Nb) metal matrix composite were fabricated by spark plasma sintering process at 900-120$0^{\circ}C$. Microstructural characteristics of the sintered bodies were identified by SEM, EDX analysis, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimeterric method. $Ti_3Al$ alloy was consisted of equiaxed $\alpha_2$ phase. $Ti_3Al-Nb$ alloys and the matix of TiB/(Ti-25Al-11Nb) metal matrix composite had the morphology that O phase was precipitated at the grain boundary of $\alpha_2$phase. Volume fraction of O phase and hardness were depended on the concentration of Nb in $Ti_3Al-Nb$ alloy, Rule of mixing could be applied to hardness and Young's modulus of 18 vol. % TiB/(Ti-25Al-11Nb) metal matrix composite.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.238-243
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• 2007

This paper is designed to estimate the adhesion strength of coating layer on galvannealed steel sheet using lap shear test. The single lap shear test is the most commonly used standard test for determining the strength of medium-strength and high strength bonds. The bond strength of bonded single lap joints on subjecting the substrates to loads is determined by lap shear forces in the direction of the bonded joint. In this study, specimen for adhesion strength test was made to attach coated sheet to cold rolled sheet and were heated in temperature of 180 for 20minutes. After test, detached parts of coatings on coated sheet were observed using SEM and EDX to identify substrate and complete detachment. The tested results showed that adhesive strength of coating is unrelated to anisotropy of sheet and is difficult to be extracted using conventional theory because of fine cracks of coating layers which were created during annealing process.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.848-851
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• 2009

석탄슬래그는 회분의 조성에 따라 고온에서 매우 상이한 슬래그 거동을 보여준다. 국내 가스화 대상탄으로 검토된 탄 중, 산성 산화물의 함량이 높아 고용융점을 갖는 7종의 석탄 회분을 가스화 조건인 고온, 환원분위기에서 점도 측정을 실시하였다. 4종의 탄에 대해서는 높은 점도를 낮추기 위하여 염기성 산화물인 CaO를 3가지 비율로 혼합하여 점도 측정을 실시하였다. 또한, flux의 혼합으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 결정체 형성을 FactSage 평형계산 프로그램과 CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 3성분계 상평형도를 이용하여 예측하였다. CaO가 첨가된 시료 모두에서 낮은 CaO 첨가비에서는 원래의 시료보다 낮은 점도를 보였으나, CaO첨가비가 20% 이상일 때는 anorthite이 형성되어 $T_{cv}$를 갖는 결정슬래그로 점도 거동이 변화하면서 실제조업 가능한 온도를 증가시켰다. 점도 측정 후 냉각된 시료의 SEM/EDX 분석을 통해 형성된 결정체를 관찰한 결과, FactSage와 상평형도에서 예측된 결정체와 유사하게 나타나 CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 3성분계 상평형도가 결정체 예측에 유용함을 확인하였다.