• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2005

This in vitro study monitored MMP-8 production on PMN by stimulated with the following three groups; Sonicated extracts of E. faecalis (SEF), SEF treated with $Ca(OH)_2$ (12.5mg/ml) for 7 days, and lipopolysac-charides(LPS) of E. coli. The level of MMP-8 in each group was immediately measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. In the SEF group, the level of production of MMP-8 was higher than the negative control group in low concentration ($0.05{\mu}g/ml$) of SEF (p < 0.05). but it decreased with an increase in the concentration of SEF (p < 0.05). In the case of SEF treated with $Ca(OH)_2$, all of the MMP levels were higher than negative control group (p < 0.05), but no statistical difference was found among the different SEF concentrations (p > 0.05). All of the levels in E. coli LPS were incresed with increasing concentrations (p < 0.05). According to this study we could summarized as follows: 1. MMP-8 was expressed at low level in untreated PMN group the levels of MMP-8 were upregulated in PMN stimulated by E. coli LPS groups. 2. In the SEF groups, the level of production of MMP-8 decreased with an increase in concentration of SEF (p < 0.05). So E. faecalis may have suppressive effect on the production of MMP-8 by PMN. 3. In the case of SEF treated with $Ca(OH)_2$, all of the MMP levels at different SEF concentrations were higher than untreated PMN group (p < 0.05), but no statistical difference was found among the different SEF concentrations (p > 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.523-530
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• 1999

Sal enteritidis thin fimbriae, SEF14, were found to be restricted to the predominantly poultry-associated members of the Salmonella serogroup D1 that are considered as the important pathogens in poultry industry. SefA together with sefB and sefC encode the proteins involved in SEF14 biosynthesis. In order to develop the rapid and specific detection methods for Salmonella serogroup D1, a PCR technique for the amplification of sefA gene was established, and its specificity and sensitivity were investigated with various microorganisms. The bacterial genomic DNA was extracted by colony-picking and rapid boiled-lysate technique. In comparison of Sef I and Sef II primers used in the PCR, Sef I primer for sefA gene of 513bp showed higher specificity than that of Sef II. The established PCR was as sensitive as to detect 1pg of Sal enteritidis DNA. When 73 strains in 28 genera including the reference strains and the field isolates of various Salmonella serotypes, Bacillus subtilis, Bordetella bronchisepdca, E coli, Listeria spp., Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus equi, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Vibrio parahemolyticus, Yersinia spp. were studied, the established PCR yielded specifically positive results with only Salmonella serogroup D1. The results suggested that the PCR for sefA gene could be a potential candidate among the specific detection methods for Salmonella serogroup D1.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1516-1519
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• 2007

본 연구팀은 유비쿼터스 환경에서 다양한 분야의 콘텐츠를 보다 쉽게 개발하고 실행할 수 있는 통합소프트웨어 개발 솔루션인 유비쿼터스 게임 플랫폼(Ubiquitous Game Platform)을 개발하였다. 유비쿼터스 게임 플랫폼은 유비쿼터스 환경의 기기에 탑재되어 콘텐츠들을 C/C++/Java 언어 모두를 수용하며 가상기계 방식이어서 유비쿼터스 환경의 기기에 독립적으로 실행이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 게임 플랫폼의 가상기계인 유비쿼터스 가상기계(u-VM)의 입력인 SEF(Standard Executable Format) 실행파일을 생성하기 위한 SAF 어셈블러를 설계 및 구현 하였다. SAF 어셈블러는 중간언어 형식인 SAF(Standard Assembly Format)를 입력으로 받아 u-VM이 실행 가능한 파일 형식인 SEF를 생성한다. SEF 파일을 생성하면서 SAF 어셈블러는 여러개의 SAF파일을 한 개의 SEF로 묶어주는 링커의 역할을 하여 주며, 실행 파일을 텍스트 형식의 SAF에서 바이너리 형식의 SEF로 바꿈으로써 보안상의 문제를 해결해 준다. 또한 SEF는 SAF에 비해 가볍게 변환이 되어 가상기계에서의 실행속도를 개선하는 역할을 하여 준다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

In this study, bispectrum analysis method introduced to reduce variability of SEF(spectral edge frequency) and MF(median frequency), which are the anesthetic depth indexes extracted by EEG spectral analysis. Bispectrum analysis is an analytical method that can confirm the nonlinearity of EEG. Signal measurement and analysis in the surgical environment should take into consideration various external artifact factors. Bispectrum analysis can confirm the presence of externally introduced artifacts, thereby effectively eliminating artifacts that affect the EEG signal. By applying bispectrum parameters, real-time variability of the anesthetic depth parameters SEF, MF could be reduced. Elimination of variability makes it possible to use SEF, MF as a real-time index during surgery.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.553-556
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts were prepared to examine the expression of SEF3 (soybean embryo factors 3), which binds to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene and is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity in nuclear extracts of maturing soybean embryos were determined using the SE3 DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides for gel mobility shift assay. The SEF3 activity increased in developing embryos from 16 to 32 days after pollination, whereas the mobility of the SE3-SE3-SEF3 complex decreased. The mobility of the complex was increased by the treatment of nuclear extracts with alkaline phosphatese, which could be inhibited by phosphate. Formation of the SE3-SEF3 complex was not affected by the binding buffer pH between 6.8 and 8.5.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate sedation with quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in dogs. EEG is used to evaluate objectively the effects of CNS acting with brain and behavioral changes. Especially, spectral edge frequency 95 (SEF 95) parameter is an effective method to determine the sedative status. The SEF 95 is the frequency below 95% of the total power. Twelve healthy intact male Miniature Schnauzer dogs, which did not show any neurological abnormalities and disease, were used for the study. EEG electrodes were inserted in subcutaneous tissue over the calvaria without entering adjacent muscles. The EEG data were acquired and analyzed by EEG raw wave and spectral edge frequency 95 analysis. After the administration of sedatives, the SEF 95 values were shown the significant changes compared with the normal state In all groups (p<0.05). It is suggested that SEF 95 analysis is useful method for assessing the state of sedation in dogs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 1992

Volatile flavor components of Codonopsis lanceolata were extracted by gas co-distillation (GCD), solvent extraction/fractionation (SEF), and headspace sampling (HSS) methods. The extracts were analyzed by dual-capillary gas chromatography-retention index (GC-RI) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The two extracts prepared by SEF and HSS gave more similar fragrance to the Codonopsis lanceolata than the GCD extract. The GC profiles of the SEF and HSS extracts were similar to each other except for differences in peak areas. The extract prepared by SEF gave a sweet note while the extract prepared by HSS gave a green note. The GCD extract began to give a burnt note of herb medicine with prolonged distillation. Rapid extraction of flavor components from Codonopsis lanceolata was possible in several short steps by SEF and HSS methods compared to GCD. GC-MS and GC-RI were used for peak identification. GC-RI was more effective for identification of isomers, and polar FFAP column was more suitable for identification of polar compounds. From Codonopsis lanceolata we identified 35 volatile flavor constituents, 24 of which have not been previously reported by simultaneous distillation extraction method $^{(5)}$. trans-2-Hexanal, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, and hexanol were considered key components of the green note and 1-octen-3-ol, the component of the fresh note. Esters, including amyl propionate, seem to be responsible for the sweet note particular to Codonopsis lanceolata.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts and S-100 were prepared to examine the soybean embryo factors which bind to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene. SEF3(soybean embryo factor 3), which is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene, was detected in gel mobility shift assay using the DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides. DNA probe containing CATGCAT or AACACA was used to find any other soybean embryo factor interacting with the upstream region of ${\beta}-Conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene. It was found that there was no common DNA binding protein detected both in nuclear extracts and S-100. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity both in nuclear extracts and S-100 of maturing soybean seeds were determined. SEF3 activity of nuclear extracts was first detected around 20 days after pollination and significantly increased around 32 days after pollination.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of ultra sound (U/S) and chuna on lumbago by meridian muscle electrography (MMEG). we performed U/S and chuna on erector spinae muscle. Methods This study was carried out on 20 lumbago patients. 20 patients were divided into U/S group and chuna group. U/S group take treatment 5 minutes. Chuna group take treatment 10 minutes. After performing U/S and chuna treatment 6 times, we compared both in terms of VAS, ODI, ROM, root mean square (RMS) and special edge frequency (SEF) on erector spinae muscle. The effect of each treatments are compared by Wilcoxon's signed rank test. The difference of effect between both groups are compared by Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Results 1. Both U/S group and chuna group showed significant improvement in VAS and ODI after treatment. 2. U/S group showed insignificant improvement in both RMS and SEF. 3. Chuna group showed significant improvement in SEF at left lower point and RMS at left upper point. 4. Both U/S group and chuna group showed insignificant improvement in ROM. 5. There are no significant differences between both groups except SEF at left upper point. Conclusions According to above results, we found out that performing U/S or chuna on erector spinae muscle has effect in terms of VAS and ODI. But, in terms of SEF, we found out different result for both side. And we can't found out effect in terms of RMS and ROM of L-spine.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how to measure the stress related to accidents at the construction site promptly and conveniently to prevent safety accidents of construction workers. Accordingly, we analyzed the correlations between the questionnaire tool index that measures the stress associated with complex psychology of humans by integrating emotion, cognition, physical and behavioral responses, and basic brain waves, SEF-90, concentration, stress index from brain wave. As a result, which had the highest correlation with the stress measured through the questionnaire, was the SEF-90, and the regression analysis between two independent variables yielded a specific regression equation. This suggests the possibility of measuring the integrated stress of construction workers through the EEG signal at the construction site, and it can be used for the safety management of the construction site in the future.