• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.274-276
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• 2011

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a recognized cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a serious but rare complication of SIH. An autologous epidural blood patch at the CSF-leak site can effectively relieve SIH. We report a case of bilateral SDH with SIH caused by a CSF leak originating at the C1-2 level. A 55-year-old male complained of orthostatic headache without neurological signs. His symptoms did not respond to conservative treatments including bed rest, hydration and analgesics. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a subdural hematoma in the bilateral fronto-parietal region, and computed tomography (CT) myelography showed a CSF leak originating at the C1-2 level. The patient underwent successful treatment with a CT-guided epidural blood patch at the CSF-leak site after trephination for bilateral SDH.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.21 no.6 s.102
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

트래픽의 급격한 증가와 함께 백본을 구성하는 광전송망은 비동기식(PDH) 기반에서동기식(SDH/SONET) 기반으로 발전하여 왔으며, 최근에는 파장분할다중화(WDM) 기술을 적용한 장비가 보급되면서 광전송망을 구성하는 필수 기술로 자리잡고 있다. WDM 기술 적용에 따라 현존하는 SDH/SONET 망과 연동시 유지보수가 되지 않는 등WDM 기술에 SDH/SONET 망을 직접 수용하는 데 어려움이 있어, 이를 해소할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 광전송계위(OTH)의 필요성이 대두되어 관련 기술을 개발하여 표준화가 이루어졌다. OTH 기술의 도입으로 WDM 기반 전송망과 기존 전송망과의 연동이 원활하게 이루어져 유지보수 및 운영상의 문제점을 해소할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 기존의 다양한 신호 트래픽과 새로운 서비스 등장에 따른 트래픽 수용 및 전송이 가능하게되었다. 이 논문에서는 WDM 기반의 고속 전송에 필수적인 OTH 신호 전송을 위한 핵심 기술에 관해 분석하고 나아가 관련 기술개발 동향에 대해 기술한다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) is a class of fungicides, which is widely and rapidly used to manage fungal pathogens in the agriculture field. Currently, fungicide resistance to SDHIs has been developed in many different plant pathogenic fungi, causing diseases on crops, fruits, vegetables, and turf. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance is important for effective prevention and resistance management strategies. Two different mechanisms have currently been known in SDHI resistance. The SDHI target genes, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD, mutation(s) confer resistance to SDHIs. In addition, overexpression of ABC transporters is involved in reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides. In this review, the current status of SDHI resistance mechanisms in phytopathogenic fungi is discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.11 s.242
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2005

A two-dimensional boundary element method was used for the scattering analysis of side-drilled hole(SDH). The far-field scattering amplitude was calculated for shear vertical(SV) wave, and their frequency and time-domain results were presented. The time-domain scattering amplitude showed the directly reflected wave from the SDH leading edge as well as the creeping wave. In an immersion, pulse-echo testing, two measurement models were introduced to predict the response from SDHs. The 2-D boundary element scattering amplitude was converted to the 3-D amplitude to be used in the measurement model. The receiver voltage was calculated fer SV wave incidence at 45$^{\circ}C$ on the 1 m diameter SDH, and the result was compared with experiment.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2003

In this study, we propose a mathematical model based on the graph theory for the wavelength assignment problem arising in the design of SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) over WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ring networks. We propose a branch- and -price algorithm to solve the suggested models effectively within reasonable time in realistic SDH over WDM ring networks. By exploiting the structure of ring networks, we developed a polynomial time algorithm for efficient column generation and a branching rule that conserves the structure of column generation. In a computer simulation study, the suggested approach can find the optimal solutions within reasonable time and show better performance than the existing heuristics.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2001

In this paper, EMI measurement, the STGU simulation being conducted, filter design, its characteristics, and its implementation to the PCB, and finally test results are discussed. When the low pass filter was implemented within the STGU, the power of EMI decreased more than 20dBm. Finally, when TE and MTIE, two important quality measure in synchronous reference clock, was assessed, ITU-T G813 requirement was satisfied. EMI(Electromagnetic Interface) is a measure of electomagnetic radiation from equipment in the range of 10KHz to 3GHz, and can cause unexpected reactions of electronics/electrical equipment. In this study, for safe and stable communication operation, a STGU (System Timing Generation Unit), which is a 2.5G SDH System and a major EMI source, was employed to simulate electromagnetic interface. Using Open-Site test, the power of fundamental frequency of EMI of interest and its harmonics were measured. Also, a low pass filter at cut-off frequency of 2GHz was specifically designed for this study to minimize the effect of EMI between electronic components.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11b
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• pp.594-596
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• 1998

In this paper, a path control switch has been developed for self-healing operation in SDH-based transmission system. The proposed switch is suitable for self-healing operations in both an Unidirectional Path Switched Ring and a 2-fiber Bidirectional Line Switched Ring. The path control switch is implemented with $0.8{\mu}m$ CMOS LSI chip. The self-healing operation of the switch is effectively done by the configuration information stored in the registers of the switch. The switch has an AU-3(51.84Mb/s) TSI(Time Slot Interchange) and has 1.25Gb/s throughput. But the higher throughput can be realized by combining two identical switches or more with the parallel architecture.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

Rarely, rupture of a cerebral aneurysm causes an acute subdural hematoma(SDH) in addition to subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). We report clinical and radiological characteristics of five cases, as well as potential pitfalls in the diagnosis and the treatment of this life-threatening condition. The patients ranged in age from 42 to 76 years. The Hunt-Hess grade on admission was grade III in one patient, grade IV in two, and grade V in two. All five patients un-derwent one-stage operation (both SDH evacuation and clipping of the aneurysm). The outcome was good recovery in two patients, persistent vegetative state in two, and death in one. Patients with a good outcome had a better Hunt-Hess grade on admission, with less amount of SDH.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.190-193
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• 1996

B-ISDN의 전송망으로서 핵심적인 역할을 수행하게 될 SDH망은 재난에 의한 망의 물리적인 손상에도 생존해야 하며, 증가하는 수용에도 유연하게 대처할수 있어야 한다. 생존도를 보장하기 위한 시스템은 다수 개발되었고, 이에 관련된 연구도 활발하게 진행되었으나, 상대적으로 망의 진화방안에 대해서는 연구가 미비한 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 생존도를 고려한 기존의 시스템들의 수요증가에 대한 적합성을 검토하고, 전형적인 진화유형에 대해서 논의하며, 이와 관련된 최적화모형을 도출한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 1991

Effects of forced physical exercise on the CCl4 hepatotoxicity were examined in adult female rats. Rats were treated with CCl4 (2 mmol/kg, ip) and introduced into a cylindrical cage rotating at 9 rpm for 20 min/hr for 6 hr. Eighteen hr following the termination of exercise serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were determined as parameters for hepatotoxicity. Physical exercise inhibited the $CCI_{4-}$induced increases in SDH, GOT, GPT activity, and glucose-6-phosphatase activity were determined as parameters for hepatotoxicity.