• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.307-308
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the effects of operating Backup Dispatch Center as a System Dispatch Center(SDC). SDC operates the 154kV transmission lines outside of Seoul metropolitan area, and acts as the backup dispatch center in case of central dispatch center's failure. With SDC, it became possible not only to divide operation of Korean transmission lines to separate control centers according to voltage and region, but to clear faults faster and more accurately. It has paved the way to improve power system reliability and advance the power system operation in general.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 1984

In order to study on the pigment formation of Serratia marcescens, the synthesis of prodigiosin was examined in the presence of a wide range of concentration of detergents. A high elevation of pigment formation was obtained in case of the treatment with SDC and SAP. And the population growth of the bacteria was increased by SDC and SAP, in the concentration of optimum concentration of pigment formation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was also increased in the treatment of SAP, SDC and SDS. The possible mechanism of the detergents on enhancement of pigment formation could be explained by an increase of enzyme activity and membrane transport.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방송공학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 하이브리드 다중 표현(hybrid multiple description) 개념을 이용하여 에러가 발생하기 쉬운 환경에서 사용될 수 있는 강인한 동영상 압축 알고리듬을 제안한다. 다중 표현 압축은 단일 표현 압축(single description coding. SDC) 보다 패킷 손실 율(packet loss rate, PLR)이 높은 환경에서 에러에 더 강인성을 갖는다. 그러나 PLR 이 낮은 환경에서는 과도한 중복량(redundancy) 때문에 성능이 저하되는 문제가 발생한다 이러한 MDC 의 문제를 해결하기 위해서 채널 환경에 따라 SD/MID 를 전환할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 좀더 자세히 설명하면, 낮은 PLR 에서는 압축 효율을 위하여 SDC 를 사용하고 높은 PLR 환경에서는 에러에 대한 강인성을 위해 MDC 를 사용한다. SD/MD 전환을 최적화시키기 위해 비트율-왜곡 최적화 프레임웍(rate-distortion optimization framework)을 사용한다. 부호화시에 복호기에서의 왜곡(distortion)을 정확히 예측하기 위해서 ROPE(recursive optimal per-pixel estimate) 방법을 사용한다. 모의 실험 견과 제안된 SD/MD 전환 방법이 기존의 SDC-ROPE 와 MDC-ROPE 보다 모든 에러 환경에서 더 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.1566-1582
• /
• 2019

Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs) is a serious reliability issue in many domains of computer system. The identification and protection of the program instructions that cause SDCs is one of the research hotspots in computer reliability field at present. A lot of solutions have already been proposed to solve this problem. However, many of them are hard to be applied widely due to time-consuming and expensive costs. This paper proposes an intelligent approach named SDCPredictor to identify the instructions that cause SDCs. SDCPredictor identifies SDC-causing Instructions depending on analyzing the static and dynamic features of instructions rather than fault injections. The experimental results demonstrate that SDCPredictor is highly accurate in predicting the SDCs proneness. It can achieve higher fault coverage than previous similar techniques in a moderate time cost.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제42권11호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 지상파 DMB 단말기 모뎀의 핵심 기능블록으로 사용되는 FFT/IFFT 코어(FFT256/2k)를 설계하였다. 설계된 코어는 Eureka-147 전송 규격에 명시된 4가지 전송모드를 지원할 수 있도록 256/512/1204/2048점 FFT/IFFT를 선택적으로 수행하도록 설계되었다. R2SDF와 R2SDC 구조를 혼합하여 적용함으로써 메모리 용량을 최소화 하였으며, R2SDC 단일 구조로 구현한 경우에 비해 메모리 크기를 약 $62\%$ 감소시켰다. 또한 TS_CBFP(Two Step Convergent Block Floating Point)를 사용하여 SQNR를 향상시켰으며, 50MHz(a)2.5-V로 동작하는 경우 2048점 FFT/IFFT 연산에 $41-\;{\mu}s$가 소요되었다 Verilog-HDL로 설계된 코어는 $0.25-\;{\mu}m$ CMOS Cell 라이브러리로 합성한 결과 약 68,400개의 게이트와 58,130 비트의 메모리로 구현되었으며, switching activity를 산출하여 전력소모를 측정한 결과 2048점 FFT의 경우 113-mW의 전력을 소모하는 것으로 추정되었다. 설계된 코어를 FPGA에 구현하여 동작시킨 결과 정상 동작을 검증하였으며, 전체 평균 50-dB 이상의 SQNR 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2009

Although lovastatin (LS) is widely used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, its bioavailability is known to be around 5%. This study was aimed to increase the solubility and dissolution-permeation rates of LS using solid dispersions (SDs) with bile salts. The solubilities of LS in water, aqueous bile salt solutions and non-aqueous vehicles were determined, and effects of bile salts on the cellulose or duodenal permeation of LS from SDs were evaluated using a horizontal permeation system. SDs were prepared at various ratios of LS to carriers, such as sodium deoxycholate (SDC), sodium glycocholate (SGC) and/or 2-hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin (HPCD). The addition of bile salts (25 mM) in water increased markedly the solubility of LS by the micellar solubilization. Some non-aqueous vehicles were effective in solubilizing LS. From differential scanning calorimetric studies, it was found that the crystallinity of LS in SDs disappeared, indicating a formation of amorphous state. The SDs showed markedly enhanced dissolution compared with those of their physical mixtures (PMs) and drug alone. In the dissolution-permeation studies using a cellulose membrane, the donor and receptor solutions were maintained as a sink condition using pH 7.0 phosphate buffer containing 0.05% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The flux of LS alone was nearly same as that of LS-SDC-HPCD (1:3:6) PM. However, the flux of LS-SDC-HPCD (1:3:6) SD slightly increased compared with drug alone and PM, suggesting that entrapment of LS in micelles does not significantly hinder the permeation across cellulose membrane. In the dissolution-duodenal permeation studies using a LS-HPCD-SDC (1:3:6) SD, the addition of various bile salts in donor solutions (25 mM) enhanced the permeation of LS markedly, and the fluxes were found to be $0.69{\pm}0.41$, $0.87{\pm}0.51$, $0.84{\pm}0.46$, $0.47{\pm}0.17$ and $0.68{\pm}0.32{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$ for sodium cholate (SC), SDC, SGC, sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) and sodium taurocholate (STC), respectively. The stepwise increase of donor SGC concentration increased the flux dose-dependently. From the relationship of donor SGC concentration and flux, the concentration of SGC initiating the permeation across the duodenal mucosa was calculated to be 11.1 mM, which is nearly same as the critical micelle concentration (CMC, 11.6 mM) of SGC. However, with no addition of bile salts and below CMC, the permeation was very limited and irratic, indicating that LS itself is very poor permeable. Higher protions of bile salt in SD such as LS-SDC or LS-SGC (1 : 49 and 1 : 69) showed highly promoted fluxes. In conclusion, SD systems with bile salts, which may form their micelles in intestinal fluids, might be a promising means for providing enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeation of practically insoluble and non-absorbable LS.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.430-439
• /
• 2004

OFDM 방식의 DVB-T 수신기에서 다수 반송파의 변ㆍ복조를 수행하는 8192점/2048점 FFT/IFFT 프로세서 (CFFT8k2k)를 설계하였다. 8192점 FFT와 같이 변환 크기가 큰 경우에는 매우 큰 용량의 메모리가 필요하므로, 메모리 효율적인 설계가 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 R4SDC (Radix-4 Single-path Delay Commutator)와 R4SDF (Radix-4 Single-path Delay Feedback)를 혼합한 Hybrid 구조를 적용함으로써 R4SDC 단일 구조에 비해 약 20%의 메모리를 줄였으며, 2단계 수렴 블록 부동점 스케일링 기법을 적용함으로써 기존의 CBFP 방식에비해 약 24%의 메모리를 감소시켰다. 이와 같은 메모리 효율적인 설계를 통해, 기존 방식의 약 57%의 메모리만으로 구현되었으며, 칩 면적과 전력소모가 크게 감소되었다. CFFT8k2k 코어는 Verilog-HDL로 설계되었으며, 102,000여 개의 게이트, 292k 비트의 RAM, 그리고 39k 비트의 ROM으로 구현되었다. $0.25-{\um}m$ CMOS라이브러리로 합성된 게이트 레벨 netlst와 SDF를 이용한 타이밍 시뮬레이션 결과, 2.5-V 전원전압에서 50-MHz로 안전하게 동작함을 확인하였으며, 8192점 FFT/IFFT 연산에 164-${\mu}\textrm{s}$가 소요되어 DVB-T 사양을 만족하는 것으로 평가되었다. 설계된 CFFT8k2k 코어는 FPGA로 구현하여 정상 동작함을 확인하였으며, 8192점 FFT의 평균 SQNR은 약 60-㏈로 분석되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권10호
• /
• pp.3543-3548
• /
• 2023

Shutdown chemistry evolution is performed in nuclear power plants at each refueling outage (RFO) to establish safe conditions to open system and minimize inventory of corrosion products in the reactor coolant system (RCS). After hydrogen peroxide is added to RCS during shutdown chemistry evolution, corrosion products are released and are removed by filters and ion exchange resins in the chemical volume control system (CVCS). Shutdown chemistry evolution including RCS clean-up time to remove released corrosion products impacts the critical path schedule during RFOs. The estimation of clean-up time prior to RFO can provide more reliable actions for RCS clean-up operations and transients to operators during shutdown chemistry. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) shutdown calculator (SDC) enables to provide clean-up time by Co-58 peak activity through operational data from nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this study, we have investigated the results of EPRI SDC by shutdown chemistry data of Co-58 activity using NPP data from previous cycles and modeled the estimated clean-up time by EPRI SDC using average Co-58 activity of the NPP. We selected two RFO data from the NPP to evaluate EPRI SDC results using the purification time to reach to 1.3 mCi/cc of Co-58 after hydrogen peroxide addition. Comparing two RFO data, the similar purification time between actual and computed data by EPRI SDC, 0.92 and 1.74 h respectively, was observed with the deviation of 3.7-7.2%. As the modeling the estimated clean-up time, we calculated average Co-58 peak concentration for normal cycles after cycle 10 and applied two-sigma (2σ, 95.4%) for predicted Co-58 peak concentration as upper and lower values compared to the average data. For the verification of modeling, shutdown chemistry data for RFO 17 was used. Predicted RCS clean-up time with lower and upper values was between 21.05 and 27.58 h, and clean-up time for RFO 17 was 24.75 h, within the predicted time band. Therefore, our calculated modeling band was validated. This approach can be identified that the advantage of the modeling for clean-up time with SDC is that the primary prediction of shutdown chemistry plans can be performed more reliably during shutdown chemistry. This research can contribute to improving the efficiency and safety of shutdown chemistry evolution in nuclear power plants.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제4권5호
• /
• pp.502-509
• /
• 1994

dynamic strain gage와 12bit AD(analog to digital converter)를 이용한 새로운 제진특성 측정 장치를 제작하였다. 이 장치를 이용하여 일반재료와 고제진재료의 제진특성을 연구하였다. 또한 열처리 조건, 초기 진동 진폭, 그리고 내부응력의 변화에 따른 SDC(specific damping capacity)변화에 관하여 연구하였다. 일반재료와 제진재료의 비교에서, 제진재료는 진동을 가한 후 0.4초 이내에 진동 진폭이 거의 사라졌지만, 같은 시간에 일반재료의 진동 진폭은 거의 감소하지 않았다. Fe-16wt. %Cr계 합금의 제진 특성은 노냉일 때 SDC max 가 40%이상이었고, Fe-5.5wt.%Ai합금의 제진 특성은 공냉일 때 SDC max값이 30%이상이었다. 초기 진동 진폭이 증가할수록 최대 제진 특성치는 낮은 진동 진폭 영역으로 이동하였다. 제진 특성은 내부 응력이 증가할수록 급격한 감소를 보였으며, 본 연구에서 개발한 제진측정 장치는 낮은 진동 진폭의 영역에서 정확한 제진 특성 측정이 가능하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.791-801
• /
• 2022

Boil-dried concentrates (BDC) and steam-dried concentrates (SDC) were prepared from highly nutritious olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus roes (OFR) as seafood processing by-products and their nutritional characteristics were investigated. Although SDS-PAGE profiles of the BDC and SDC proteins were similar to each other, it was observed that three of the five OFR protein bands in the 50-100 kDa range had disappeared. We also detected significant differences in the Hunter's color of the two concentrates in terms of color difference (𝚫E) and whiteness. The recovery amounts of BDC and SDC prepared from 100 g of OFR were 18.6 and 21.4 g, respectively, with respective protein contents of 67.7% and 68.9%. The main amino acids of OFR and concentrate proteins were valine, leucine, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine, whereas major minerals were sulfur, potassium, sodium and phosphorus, the amounts of which in concentrates had been significantly reduced. We established that by sterilizing, inactivating endogenous enzymes, and inhibiting microbial growth, the cook-dried process contributes to enhancing the concentration and storage stability of nutrients by reducing water activity, volume, and weight. Accordingly, we suggest that concentrates (BDC and SDC) prepared from OFR have considerable potential as nutritionally fortified materials.