• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the effectiveness of Brief Qigong-based Stress Reduction Program(BQSRP) and personality. Methods : Twenty nine women and nine men from the community with symptoms of distress(mean age 39.4 years, SD=11.4) were randomized into a group receiving a 4-week intervention of BQSRP(n=19) or a waiting-list control group. All subjects completed the temperament and character inventory (TCI) before the intervention. Before and after the intervention period, questionnaires were completed on perceived stress scale(PSS), anxiety, and quality of life. Results : 1. Those who have higher temperament of harm avoidance or lower character of self-directedness showed higher PSS, Hwa-Byung character, Hwa-Byung symptom, STAI and lower WHOQOL-BREF scores. 2. In the BQSRP training group, a correlation analysis demonstrated an association between higher temperament of harm avoidance and greater improvement of perceived stress and an association between lower character of self-directedness and greater improvement of perceived stress. 3. Those who have high Hwa-Byung symptom scores prefer the breathing meditation and there were no differences in effects of BQSRP group by the preference Brief Qigong-based Meditation(BQM) component. Conclusions : These results suggest that a BQSRP training may be effective for those with higher harm avoidance trait and low self-directedness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6711-6714
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• 2015

Background: Insomnia is a common condition in cancer patients. In spite of the high prevalence its associations have not been well studied. Existing data suggests that insomnia is related to depression and pain. However, the impact of ongoing chemotherapy on sleep is not investigated. Aim: To study the relationship between insomnia and chemotherapy after analysing confounding variables. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients who visited New England Oncology Clinic in Tamworth were recruited. Insomnia was assessed with the Bergen insomnia scale. The Montgomery Asberg Depression rating scale was used to measure depression. Pain was assessed with the Brief Pain inventory. Chronic medical conditions, type of cancer, side effects to chemotherapy, role of steroids and other drugs were studied as confounders. Results: A total of 56 patients participated in the study. Age ranged from 33 to 83 years (mean: 63.6, SD=10.97). There were 29 men and 27 women. 42 patients received at least one form of chemotherapy and 15 were receiving radiotherapy at the time of assessment. Mean insomnia score was significantly higher in those receiving chemotherapy than in those without chemotherapy (8.92 vs 17.2, two tailed p=0.005, 95% CI=2.63-13.71). There was no significant variation in insomnia scores in terms of chronic medical condition, type of cancer, psychiatric history, use of steroids or adverse effects of chemotherapy. However, total insomnia score was correlated with depression rating score (Pearson correlation, r=0.39, p=0.003) and magnitude of pain (r=0.37, p=0.006). On regression analysis only pain was found to be predictive of insomnia. Conclusions: Insomnia in patients with cancer is found to be associated with concurrent chemotherapy and correlated with degree of depression and pain. Identifying factors related to insomnia in cancer population has implications in its management and patient education.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.4 s.346
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

This paper describes the short-channel effect(SCE), corner effect of nano-scale MuGFETs(Multiple-Gate FETs) by three-dimensional simulation. We can extract the equivalent gate number of MuGFETs(Double-gate=2, Tri-gate=3, Pi-gate=3.14, Omega-gate=3.4, GAA=4) by threshold voltage model. Using the extracted gate number(n) we can calculate the natural length for each gate devices. We established a scaling theory for MuGFETs, which gives a optimization to avoid short channel effects for the device structure(silicon thickness, gate oxide thickness). It is observed that the comer effects decrease with the reduction of doping concentration and gate oxide thickness when the radius of curvature is larger than 17 % of the channel width.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.86-95
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• 2009

SIFT is an algorithm to extract vectors at pixels around keypoints, in which the pixel colors are very different from neighbors, such as vertices and edges of an object. The SIFT algorithm is being actively researched for various image processing applications including 3D image reconstructions and intelligent vision system for robots. In this paper, we implement a hardware to sift feature detection algorithm for real time processing in embedded systems. We estimate that the hardware implementation give a performance 25ms of $1,280{\times}960$ image and 5ms of $640{\times}480$ image at 100MHz. And the implemented hardware consumes 45,792 LUTs(85%) with Synplify 8.li synthesis tool.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 1996

A series of batch and lab-scale continuous tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters for the full-scale in-situ soil flushing experiments. The cleaning abilities of the surfactant solutions of Tween 80, Triton X-100 and SDS were compared for the soil artificially contaminated by hydrophobic organic contaminants: n-dodecane, naphthalene and anthracene. Tween 80 and Triton X-100 were shown to be efficient for n-dodecane. SDS and Tween 80 were shown to be efficient for naphthalene and anthracene. At the end of each column test, the sorbed amount of surfactant to soil was also measured. Tween 80 was found to be the least adsorbed surfactant to soil. The flushing ability at flowrate of 7 ml/min, was hampered comparing to flowrate of 3 and 5 ml/min. Initial pH of the soil did not significantly affect the flushing efficiencies. Tween 80 was determined as the most harmless surfactant for the Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2012

Objectives : Childhood is a critical period involving various developmental tasks that need to be accomplished. Childhood depression has overall negative implications for certain areas of development, including cognition, emotion, social skills, academic achievement, and ability to cope with stress. Yet, because depression can be "masked" by accompanying behavioral problems, early detection and diagnosis of childhood depression is somewhat challenging. In this study, using the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), we evaluated the association between children's self reports on depression and parents' assessment of children's behaviors. Methods : Subjects were recruited from the S city, a cohort comprising a non-random convenience sample of 226, 10-year-old ethnic Koreans in their fourth year of elementary school and their parents. All participants underwent several tests, including Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and K-CBCL. Results : A total of 226 children, including 166 boys (73.5%) and 60 girls (26.5%), participated in the study. The average CDI for the participants was 14.57 (SD=7.54). Two items on the K-CBCL, total scale of adjustment scale and social withdrawal problems, showed a close association with the CDI. Conclusion : Although much remains to be elucidated, after controlling for covariates, the results of this study suggested that behavioral problems observed in children may be closely associated with depression.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

Objectives: The researchers investigated the relationship between sleep pattern (circadian rhythm/sleep deprivation), eating habit, and the perceived skin condition of female adults, in orders to provide valuable information to women who want to maintain healthy skin and professionals in health promotion. Methods: The participants were 297 female adults whose ages ranged from 20 to 60 (M=35.14, SD=10.37). The questionnaires and psychological tests used in this research included the following: Circadian Rhythm Questionnaire, Sleep Deprivation Scale, Eating Habit Questionnaire, Skin Condition Questionnaire, Scale for Perceived Skin Health. Results: Results indicated that evening type women had more fatty skin and felt their skins less healthier than morning type. Although women who did not deprived their sleep had more fatty and sensitive skin and felt their skins less healthier than women who deprived their sleep, sleep deprivation was positively related to the morningness, and the morningness was negatively related to the preference of fatty and spicy foods. Only the preference of fatty foods among eating habit was positively related to the fatty and sensitive skin, and negatively to the perceived skin health. Regression analyses with circadian rhythm and the preference of fatty foods revealed that only circadian rhythm was significant predictor for the fatty skin, while the preference of fatty foods was only significant predictor for the sensitive skin and the perceived skin health. And, circadian rhythm and the preference of fatty foods accounted for around 12.0% variance of the fatty skin. Conclusion: This study reiterates the roles of fatty foods on skin health, and found the role of circadian rhythm on skin health, and it is needed to explore the relationship between sleep deprivation and skin condition further. These results may provide useful information for health practitioners.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.745-753
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• 2005

Purpose. The purposes of this study were to 1) describe the type and frequency of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, 2) develop a caregiver training program on prevention and management of aggressive behavior, 3) examine the effects of caregiver training program on the incidence of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, and 4) examine the effects of caregiver training program on nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills. Methods. One-group, time series, quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and two post- tests was used. Data were collected from cognitively impaired home residents (N = 32) and nursing staff (N = 36) in a proprietary nursing home using Ryden Aggression Scale I, II, and Aggressive Behavior Management Scale. Data were entered and analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Incidence of aggressive behavior was high with a mean score of 3.09 (SD = 3.11) at baseline. Caregiver training program was developed based on Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) model and gerontological and psychiatric literature. The mean scores of aggressive behavior at baseline, Post I, and II did not differ significantly although the difference approached to the significant level (F = 2.925, p = .066). Nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills increased at Post I, and at Post II when compared to baseline, and the difference was significant (F=12.736, p=<.00l). Conclusion. Caregiver training program showed potential impact on reduction of aggressive behavior in elders with cognitive impairment and was effective in increasing nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.301-315
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of hydromorpological structures that affect landscape preference and visual characteristics on the sections of the designated streams where have dynamic ecological characteristics. We evaluated the ecological status of the streams utilizing LAWA to assess hydromorpological structures of streams. We also investigated preference and visual characteristics of stream landscapes through Semantic Differential Scale(SD scale). The differences of visual images according to the characteristics of hydromorpological structures in the sites were analyzed by descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, and t-test. As a result, this study showed that sections represented as "good" ecological status are shown to be harmonious, beautiful, natural, and clean comparing to sections represented as "poor" ecological status. The hydromorpological structures that have significant impacts on the visual characteristics are considered as riparian vegetation, cross-sectional shape, and the artificial structures. Results of this study can help guide the stream restoration of the damaged stream to improving ecological function and positive landscape.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to analyze the relationship between posttraumatic stress, coping style, and dissociation in Korean firefighters. Methods : Subjects included 193 male and 9 female firefighters in the metropolitan city of Daejeon. Their age ranged from 25 to 57 with an average of 39.17 (SD : 7.572) years. Their posttraumatic stress or traumatic experiences were assessed with the Korean Version of the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. Their coping style was categorized with the Korean version of the Ways of Coping Checklist. Their dissociation was assessed with the Korean version of Dissociative Experiences Scale. The data analysis included a correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The modeling tested the validity of the model that posttraumatic stress had a direct effect on dissociation and coping style had an mediatory effect between stress and dissociation. Results : First, firefighters' posttraumatic stress or traumatic experiences had a direct effect on dissociation, a symptom of a mental disorder. Second, the firefighters employed passive styles to cope with their stress. This is explained that they had been exposed to their traumatic events repeatedly without being able to control it themselves. Third, coping style had no effect on the mediation between posttraumatic stress and dissociation. This is explained in terms of repeated exposure to the traumatic events. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is concluded that Korean firefighters' dissociation was not relieved by their coping effort but associated directly with their traumatic experiences. To decrease their dissociation, it is necessary to reduce the exposure to their traumatic events.