• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey to identify school nurses' knowledge, educational needs and providing education about Internet addiction. Method: A total of 198 school nurses working in schools located in Gyunggi Province and the cities of Ulsan, Daegu, and Pohang participated in the study A self-report scale was used to collect data. It included 53 items measuring school nurses' knowledge, their educational needs and performing related to Internet addiction. Results: The mean score for knowledge of Internet addiction was 13.12 (SD=3.13), indicating a moderate level of knowledge. The highest frequency, $24.7\%$ of the school nurses agreed that the computer teacher is the appropriate person to do educate on Internet addiction, followed by the school nurse with another teacher ($24.2\%$). Only $40.4\%$ of the nurses had any experience in providing students with education about Internet addiction. The main reason for not providing education about Internet addiction was that there was no time ($57.6\%$). Education was reported most frequently as being provided by the class teacher ($36.3\%$), followed by school nurse ($31.3\%$). Conclusions: It is important to expand the role of school nurses in preventing and responding to Internet addiction and to develop training programs designed to further develop their abilities in teaching and counseling.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to investigate the tendency of color preference for the elderly in housing. For this, a questionnaire survey was carried out with color chips and 9 photos of the living rooms which were chosen among apartment model houses in Pusan. Preference of color usage was measured by SD scale developed by advertising adjectives for the model houses. The result of this study are as follows: 1) The preferred color image was characterized as soft, warm and simple. The main factors of color image were identified and named as 'dignity factor' and 'personality factor'. 2) The elderly preferred G generally, but R for dominant color of the living room. They distinguished their attitudes about the color by the purpose of color usage. 3) For colors of architectural components of the living room, preferred colors were narrowed Y, YR and R for wall, art wall and floor. Beige was the most popular color in the living room for the elderly. This research can contribute to the basic data of color planning for the elderly housing.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.67-79
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• 2007

Objectives : The Purposes of this study were to investigate payment system for oriental medical treatment as supplier of medical services, and to estimate reasonable levels of medical fee. Methods : This study made these following results by reviewing the answers which were given by 172 Korea traditional doctors from March 1 to April 15, 2006. Results : General satisfaction of payment system for oriental health insurance was $2.17{\pm}1.01$ $(mean{\pm}SD)$ on a 1-7 scale (median 4) as very low level. Reasonable medical fees which were answered by 172 Korea traditional doctor are higher than present fees, thus Korea traditional doctors think that present fees should be increased. And according to the survey, current insurance fees have a problem of disparity between each treatment fee. Conclusions : According to results of this study, current fees of oriental medical treatment are not rational. And this problem leads to distortion of medical treatment. Additional studies in thls field are needed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.630-635
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• 1996

For a survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M$_{1}$ (AFM$_{1}$) in domestic cow's milk, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, and quantitated the toxin in cow's milk. In order to produce specific antibodies AFM, conjugated to bovine serum albumin (AFM$_{1}$-BSA) and Freund's adjuvant were immunized subcutaneously to rabbits. By use of the antiserum showing the highest titer and AFB$_{1}$-HRP conjugate, we established a competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) for AFM$_{1}$, whose detection limit was 0.003 ppb. The cross-reactivities of the antiserum against aflatoxin M$_{1}$ M$_{2}$, B$_{1}$, B$_{2}$, G$_{1}$, G$_{2}$, B$_{2a}$, and G$_{2a}$, were 100, 29.9, 25.0, 2.7, 13.0, 0.65, 0, and 0%, respectively. When the cdELISA was applied to the cow's milk spiked with AFM$_{1}$ and followed by cleanup with C$_{18}$ cartridge, the mean recovery of the assay was 104% (mean of CV, 6.4%) in the final concentration of 0.01-1 ppb (10-1, 000 ppt). When cow's milk samples gathered from markets and farms were assayed by the cdELISA, the mean concentration and SD of AFM$_{1}$ was 80.4 $\pm$ 55.0 ppt (n=64; range, 5.6-280 ppt).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to examine the effect of perceived health status, sleep and depression on quality of life of older people in the elderly school. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a survey of 155 older persons in person 2 elderly school at J City. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: The mean score of the quality of life was 8.10 (SD=8.79). Quality of life was significantly different by educational levels (F=4.711, p=.001). The result of the regression indicated that perceived health status, sleep, and depression explained 18.5% of variance in quality of life. Conclusion: Perceived health status, sleep and depression were associated with quality of life in the elderly. It is necessary to develop nursing strategies for the improvement of quality of life, considering health status, sleep, and depression in the elderly.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-25
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• 2023

This paper presents the outcome of a survey done in two colleges of education in Kumasi, Ghana to determine the reading habits of students. A questionnaire was conveniently administered to the third-year students of Wesley College of Education and St. Louis College of Education all in Kumasi the capital of Ashanti Region of Ghana. One hundred and sixty-two copies of the questionnaire were administered to the students in the two colleges. The study found that both parents and tutors influence students reading at the same rate, in both colleges students read an average of one book in two months which was not encouraging with the most preferred reading materials being course books followed by textbooks and fiction. Their purpose of reading is to broaden their knowledge, and to pass examination. They choose busy schedule on campus and too much academic work as the reasons which affect their reading habits. Furthermore, it was revealed that, too much family responsibilities and lack of conducive environment were major constraints that restrict their reading at home. The study recommends the following to enhance reading habits of the students: parents should create healthy surrounding for learning; students should also be motivated to read through the formation of reading clubs and group presentation of assignment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.18-24
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• 2023

According to the results of a survey by Boeing, LOC-I (Loss of Control in Flight) was the highest in the number of deaths by fatality accident category in the past 10 years from 2012 to 2021, and the number of deaths worldwide due to LOC-I accidents was 757. It turned out to be the biggest cause of aircraft fatalities, with a figure close to twice the sum of UNK (Unknown or Undetermined), which is the 2nd place, and CFIT (Controlled Flight Into or Toward Terrain), which is the 3rd place. This study set six scenarios related to spatial disorientation that may occur during sensory-dependent flight targeting student pilots and instructor pilots at domestic designated specialized educational institutions using flight simulation training equipment, and in each scenario, the pilot's. The need for SDRT (Spatial Disorientation Recovery Training) is verified by analyzing the flight experience and recovery ability by qualification, and SDRT is repeatedly performed to verify and present the training cycle and time.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-48
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• 2014

The purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between the using goals of computer and self-regulated learning ability on the gender difference. To accomplish this goal, we have analyzed the data of Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey III which is nationally collected from primary school students, currently on the 6th grade in South Korea. 2,219 samples were used in the study excluding missing samples. The participants were 1167 males (49.5%) and 1052 females (50.5%). The mean age was 13.94 years (SD=.25). As results, female students spent more time on using computer than male students did: (1) the male students' time spent on Playing game was significantly larger than that of female students, but (2) on the rest seven using goals of computer including e-Learning/Information retrieval for learning, the female students spent significantly more time than the male students did. Also, in terms of the self-regulated learning ability, using computer for e-Learning/Information retrieval for learning itself gave significantly positive effects on both male and female students' self-regulated learning ability. On the other hand, Playing game gave significantly negative effects on both. Based on the results, some strategies were suggested on the proper use of computer for learning.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

Aflatoxin (AF) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are carcinogenic and possible carcinogenic mycotoxins respectively produced by Aspergillus spp or Penicillium spp. The study for contamination survey and proposal for reduction of mycotoxin in red pepper were carried out. 192 samples were collected at such various stages and markets as pre/post-harvest stages, internet shopping mall /super-market and small stakeholder mill/geographically indicated company. As only 2 samples were positive for aflatoxin, so contamination rate was 1.04%. In the meanwhile, contamination rate for ochratoxin A was 21.88% and a various amount of OTA was detected in 42 positive samples. 6 samples were found to be contaminated at higher level than $5\;{\mu}gkg^{-1}$ for ochratoxin A, which was established recently as a maximum permissible limit in korea. There was no difference in degree of contamination with regard to cultivation type because any mycotoxin was not found at all in both organically and conventionally grown red pepper. But, there was statistically significant difference in the process of manufacturing. Finished products were OTA-contaminated at a level of $2.32\;{\pm}\;6.54\;{\mu}gkg^{-1}$(mean ${\pm}$ SD), even though OTA was not detected in deep frozen red peppers right after long term storage. And contamination for OTA was a level of $0.33\;{\pm}\;0.91\;{\mu}gkg^{-1}$(mean ${\pm}$ SD) in red paprika powder after uv sterilization, while the contamination for OTA was $2.78\;{\pm}\;4.49\;{\mu}kg^{-1}$(mean ${\pm}$ SD) in non-uv sterilized powder. In addition, our investigation shows that higher OTA contamination occurred in some of famous brand products sold in super-market and domestic products than products collected through on-line shopping or from small stakeholder mills and imported products respectively, however, difference was not statistically significant.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.18-40
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• 2008

Measurements of health related quality of life can be used to compare patients with specific conditions to average individuals in the general population in a similar age and gender group. However there are few data available regarding health related quality of life for the general population of Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the validity of the Korean version of EQ-5D and to measure the health related quality of life of the general adult population in a metropolitan city. The survey was cross-sectional and employed a stratified and multistage sampling design through 100 examination sites in 5 districts of UIsan. A total of 12,644 individuals from 4,112 households participated in the survey. Of these, we analyzed data from 8,068 adults who were over 19 years old and completed the EQ-5D. To examine the validity of the questionnaire, the differences in 5 dimensions and the $EQ-5D_{index}$ were analyzed with regard to demographic and socioeconomic factors such as sex, age, income, and education. In addition, visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to evaluate the overall health related quality of life issues of the respondents. The level of health related quality of life of the general adult population was then compared with the results from the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and other countries. There were a small number of people with problems related tomobility, self-care, and usual activity. In addition, many people complained ofpain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The complaint rate in each dimension, VAS, and $EQ-5D_{index}$ indicated relatively better states for males, the younger group, the higher income group, and the higher education group. In addition, the level of health related quality of life of the general population of Ulsan was relatively higher than that of Koreans nationwide as well as the populations of other countries. EQ-SD provided a valid measure of the health-related quality of life of the general adult population. In addition, the results of a survey of Ulsan revealed that the quality of life of its population is better than that of the overall population of Korea and of the populations of other countries.