• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2008

Background: Cerebral blood vessels are innervated by sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block in rats subjected to permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (270-320 g) were randomly assigned to one of three groups (control, lidocaine and ropivacaine). A brain injury was induced in all rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion with a nylon thread. The animals of the local anesthetic group received $30{\mu}l$ of 2% lidocaine or 0.75% ropivacaine in the SCG. Neurologic scores were assessed 24 hours after brain injury. Brain samples were then collected. The infarct and edema ratios were measured by 2.3.5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Results: There were no differences in the death rates, neurologic scores, or infarction and edema ratios between the three groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block may not influence the brain damage induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2017

베이스메이크업 중의 하나인 프레스드 파우더는 주요 품질 속성으로 밀착성과 발림성이다. 일반적으로 메이크업 화장료에서 밀착성을 향상시키면 반대속성인 발림성이 저하되기 때문에 밀착성과 발림성을 동시에 충족시키는데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 주요 속성을 만족시키기 위해서 air jet mill 공정을 시도하였고, lauroyl lysine (LL)과 sodium cocoyl glutamate (SCG)의 혼합물로 습식 코팅 처리한 sericite를 적용하여 밀착성을 향상시켰다. 또한, 분산성이 단분산성을 이루고 있는 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)와 diphenyl dimethicone/ vinyl diphenyl dimethicone/ silsesquioxane crosspolymer (DDVDDSC)를 적용하여 발림성을 향상시켜 서로 양립하기 어려운 두 가지 품질 속성을 모두 만족시켰다. air jet mill 공정은 제약, 식품 산업에서 주로 적용되고 있으며 화장품 분야에서는 파우더 소재 가공을 위해 사용되고 있는 공법이다. 본 연구에서는 air jet mill 공정을 제조 공정단계에서 접목시켜 최적의 입경인 $6.8{\mu}m$의 화장료를 완성할 수 있었다. 그리고, EDS 매핑으로 Ti 원소가 화장료에서 전체적으로 고르게 분포하고 있음을 확인하였고, SEM 분석을 통하여 판상 입자의 모서리 부분이 둥글게 가공처리 됨을 확인하였다. 이는 화장 도구를 이용하여 화장료를 취하여 피부에 도포할 때, 발림성이 향상되는 효과를 줄 수 있다고 판단된다. 피부 친화성이 우수한 LL과 저자극이면서 코코넛에서 유래한 SCG를 습식 코팅하여 sericite의 밀착성을 더욱 향상시켰다. 그리고, PMMA의 분산성과 형태가 발림성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 SEM을 분석하였다. 유사한 형태를 갖는 구형 및 진구형에서도 분포도가 균일하고 단분산상일 때 발림성 효과가 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. PMMA의 단분산성과 입경에 따른 발림성을 동마찰계수 측정으로 확인하였고, 최적의 함량을 결정하였다. 그리고, 실리콘 러버 파우더 종류에 따른 발림성과 경도, 낙하안정성 등을 확인하여 DDVDDSC를 결정하였다. 최종적으로 PMMA의 단분산성과 실리콘 러버 파우더가 발림성에 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 화장료는 적정한 경도를 갖으면서도 낙하안정성이 우수하며, 경시에 따른 안정성도 우수하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 본 논문에서 제시하는 프레스드 파우더의 밀착성과 발림성을 향상시킬 수 있는 한 가지 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2017

To isolate and identify the yeast strains associated with D. morbifera, homogenized D. morbifera root samples were spread onto GPY, DG18, SCG and DOB agar media containing antibiotics, Triton X-100, and l-sorbose. Total 81 yeast isolates were analyzed by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. The results showed that the root-associated yeast species were composed of the genera Vanderwaltozyma (40 isolates), Cryptococcus (40 isolates), and Kluyveromyces (one isolate). Moreover, the Kluyveromyces isolate exhibited high bioethanol productivity. In addition, the Vanderwaltozyma and Cryptococcus were dominant in D. morbifera roots. The specific yeast community associated with D. morbifera roots was identified by phylogenetic sequence analyses. These yeast isolates may have industrial applications as biosurfactant and bioethanol.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.700-707
• /
• 2009

The application of renewable energy in electric power systems is growing rapidly in order to make provision for the inequality of the climate, the dwindling supplies of coal, oil and natural gas and a further rise in oil prices. Solar cell generators(SCG) is one of the fastest growing renewable energy. This paper presents a methodology on probabilistic production cost simulation of a power system including SCGs. The generated power by SCGs is variable due to the random variation of solar radiation. In order to solve this problem, the SCGs is modeled as multi-state operational model in this paper. Probabilistic production cost of a power system can be calculated by proposed method considering SCGs with multi-state. The results show that the impacts of SCGs added to a power system can be analyzed in view point of production cost using the proposed method.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2000

30 kVA rotating-field type Super-Conducting Generator is built and tested with intensive FE(Finite Element) analysis. The generator is driven by VVVF inverter-fed induction motor. Open Circuit Characteristic(OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristic(SCC) are presented in this paper. Also, the test result under the light load(up to 3.6 kW) are given. From the design stage, 2-D FE analysis coupled with the external circuit has been performed. The external circuit includes the end winding resistance and reactance as well as two dampers. When compared with the test data, the FE analysis results show a very good agreement.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.123-124
• /
• 2007

In order to reduce the seasonal unbalance of Gas demand, this paper analyzes the effects of gas increase and energy saving that result from the energy pattern of CHP for industry, and evaluates the variation of Korean gas demand's TDR through those effects.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.42-61
• /
• 2005

Objectives:The ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1, the major components of ginseng saponin, have neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects including promotion of neuronal survival and proliferation, facilitation of learning and memory, and protection from ischemic injury and apoptosis. In this study, to investigate the molecular basis of the effects of ginsenoside on neuron, we analyzed gene expression profiling of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with ginsenoside Rg1 or Rb1. Methods:SH-SY5Y cells were cultured and treated in triplicate with ginsenoside Rg1 or Rb1($80{\mu}M$, $40{\mu}M$, $20{\mu}M$). The proliferation rates of SH-SY5Y cells were determined by MTT assay and microscopic examination. We used a high density cDNA microarray chip that contained 8K human genes to analyze the gene expression profiles in SH-SY5Y cells. We analyzed using the Significance Analysis of Microarray(SAM) method for identifying genes on a microarray with statistically significant changes in expression. Results:Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with $80{\mu}M$ ginsenoside Rg1 or Rb1 for 36h showed maximal proliferation compared with other concentrations or control. The results of the microarray experiment yielded 96 genes were upregulated(${\geq}$3 fold) in Rg1 treated cells and 40 genes were up-regulated(${\geq}$2 fold) in Rb1 treated cells. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 for 36h induced the expression of some genes associated with protein biosynthesis, regulation of transcription or translation, cell proliferation and growth, neurogenesis and differentiation, regulation of cell cycle, energy transport and others. Genes associated with neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation such as SCG10 and MLP increased in ginsenoside Rg1 treated cells, but such changes did not occur in Rb1-group. Conclusion:Our data provide novel insights into the gene mechanisms involved in possible role for ginsenoside Rg1 or Rb1 in mediating neuronal proliferation or cell viability, which can elicit distinct patterns of gene expression in neuronal cell line. Ginsenoside Rg1 have more broad and strong effects than ginsenoside Rb1 in gene expression and related cellular physiology. In addition, we suggest that SCG10 gene, which is known to be expressed in neuronal differentiation during development and neuronal regeneration during adulthood, may have a role in enhancement of activity dependent synaptic plasticity or cytoskeletal regulation following treatment of ginsenoside Rg1. Further, ginsenoside Rg1 may have a possible role in regeneration of injured neuron, promotion of memory, and prevention from aging or neuronal degeneration.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.544-549
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 폐자원인 커피박의 산업적 이용도를 증진시키기 위하여 감마선 조사를 이용하여 커피박 추출물의 색도 개선에 관하여 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 커피박 추출물로부터 유용성 성분을 얻기 위하여 70% 에탄올로 추출한 후 감마선 조사를 한 결과 30, 50 kGy의 조사선량에서 커피박 추출물의 색도가 개선된 것을 확인하였다. 30, 50 kGy로 감마선 조사된 커피박 추출물에서 성분변화가 일어났지만, 항산화능력과 미백활성능에는 0 kGy 커피박 추출물 처리군과 비교했을 때 유의적인 변화가 없는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 다른 성분들이 감마선 조사에 의해 감소하였지만, 퀸산이 상당량 증가함으로써 성분변화로 인한 커피박 추출물의 생리활성능 감소를 보완한 것으로 보이며, 이상의 결과로 감마선 조사가 커피박 추출물의 진한 갈색도를 개선함으로써 커피박 추출물이 화장품 소재로 활융될 수 있는 부가가치를 부여 할 수 있으며, 이러한 폐기물의 재활용을 통해 커피박 폐기로 인한 환경문제 및 경제적 문제점을 개선하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2008

Background: Cerebral blood vessels are innervated by sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG), and these nerves may influence the cerebral blood flow. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block in rats that were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats (270-320 g) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (the ropivacaine group and a control group). In all the animals, brain injury was induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) reperfusion that followed MCA occlusion for 2 hours. The animals of the ropivacaine group received $30{\mu}l$ of 0.75% ropivacaine, and their SCG. Neurologic score was assessed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after brain injury. Brain tissue samples were then collected. The infarct ratio was measured by 2.3.5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeled (TUNEL) reactive cells and the cells showing caspase-3 activity were counted as markers of apoptosis at the caudoputamen and frontoparietal cortex. Results: The death rate, the neurologic score and the infarction ratio were significantly less in the ropivacaine group 24 hr after ischemia/reperfusion injury. The number of TUNEL positive cells in the ropivacaine group was significantly lower than those values of the control group in the frontoparietal cortex at 3 days after injury, but the caspase-3 activity was higher in the ropivacaine group than that in the control group at 1 day after injury. Conclusions: The study data indicated that a superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block may reduce the neuronal injury caused by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, but it may not prevent the delayed damage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.305-309
• /
• 2015

After four years of cold storage, dimethachlon resistance of two laboratory-induced resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates SCG7 and LA50 declined by 99.5% and 98.9%, respectively, and cross resistance to iprodione and procymidone also declined dramatically. Along with the decline of fungicide resistance, osmotic sensitivity to sodium chloride and glucose decreased tremendously; mycelial growth rate, sclerotia number and weight per potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate increased on average by 118.6%, 85. 5% and 64.5%, respectively; and virulence to detached leaves of oilseed rape increased by 72.7% on average. Significant negative correlations were detected between dimethachlon resistance levels and mycelial growth rate on PDA (r = -0.980, P = 0.021), and between resistance levels and lesion diameters on detached leaves of oilseed rape plants (r = -0.997, P = 0.002). These results have profound implications for assessing the potential risk for resistance development to dicarboximide fungicides in S. sclerotiorum.